बाघ

thumb|250px|rashh‍triy pashu- bagh
National Animal- Tiger bagh, rashh‍triy pashu

parichay

rashtriy pashu 'bagh' (paianthara taigris-linnayas), pile rangoan aur dharidar lomacharm vala ek pashu hai. rajasi bagh, teandua, taigris dharidar janavar hai. apani shalinata, dridhata, phurti aur apar shakti ke lie bagh ko 'rashtriy pashu' kahalane ka gaurav prapt hai. isaki ath prajatiyoan mean se bharat mean paee jane vali prajati ko ‘r aauyal bangal taigar’ ke nam se jana jata hai. uttar-pashchim bharat ko chho dakar baki sare deshoan mean yah prajati payi jati hai. bharat ke atirikt yah nepal, bhootan aur bangaladesh jaise p dosi deshoan mean bhi paya jata hai. bagh kahalae jane vale any janavar hai-

1. meghashyam teandua ya meghashyam bagh,
2. pyooma (lal-bhoore rang ka bilav ) ya hiran bagh aur
3. asidant vidal.

• varsh 2010 mean 'varld vaid fand f aaur nechar' ne baghoan ki abadi mahaj 3,500 bataee. isake pahale dablyoo॰dablyoo॰eph॰ ne duniya bhar mean baghoan ki sankhya 4000 ke lagabhag bataee thi.

utpatti

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• aisa samajha jata hai ki bagh ki utpatti uttari yooreshiya mean huee aur yah dakshin ki or chala aya tha.
• vartaman mean yah roos ke sudoor poorvi ilaqe se chin, bharat aur dakshin poorvi eshiya tak paya jata hai.
• isaki samany roop se many ath prajatiyaan hoti haian.
• inamean se java bagh, bali bagh aur kairibayaee bagh vilupt ho ge hai.
• chini bagh vilupt hone ke qarib haian aur sumatraee, saiberiyaee evan bharatiy upaprajatiyaan red deta buk mean nishchit taur par sankatapann bataee gee haian.

roop aur akriti

• bagh par moti pili lomacharm ka kot hota hai jis par gahari dharidar pattiyaan hoti haian.
• lavanh‍yata, takat, phurtilapan aur apar shakti ke karan bagh ko bharat ke 'rashh‍triy janavar' ke roop mean gauravanvit kiya hai.
• bagh ki ayal nahian hoti, lekin boodhe nar ke gal ke bal apekshakrit lanbe aur phaile hue hote haian.
• nar bagh mada se b da hota hai aur isaki kandhe tak ki oochaee qarib 1 mitar, lanbaee lagabhag 2.2 mitar, pooanchh qarib 1 mitar lanbi, aur vazan lagabhag 160 se 230 kigra ya zyada se zyada lagabhag 290 kigra hota hai.
• safed baghoan mean sabhi poornat safed nahian hote, inamean se lagabhag sabhi bharat mean viandhy aur kaimoor parvat shrriankhalaoan mean pae jate haian.
• kale bagh ke pae jane ki bhi khabar hai, ye myaanmar, baangladesh aur poorvi bharat ke ghane jangaloan mean kabhi-kabhi pae jate haian.
• bagh ghas vale daladali ilaqoan aur jangaloan mean rahata hai; yah mahaloan ya mandiroan jaisi imaratoan ke khandaharoan mean bhi paya jata hai.
• shaktishali aur amataur par ekaant priy yah vidal ek achchha tairak hai aur lagata hai ki ise nahane mean maza ata hai, vipatti mean yah pe d par chadh sakata hai.
• sthan aur prajati ke anusar bagh ke akar aur vishisht rang evan dharidar chihn mean bhi parivartan hota hai. uttar ke muqabale dakshin ke bagh chhote aur zyada bh dakile rang ke hote haian.
• bangal taigar (pi. taigris) aur dakshin-poorvi eshiya ke dvipoan ke bagh, udaharan ke taur par, kuchh-kuchh lal aur bhoore rang ke, lagabhag gahari kali suandar anuprasth dhariyoan vale hote haian. bhitari hisse, pair ke aandar ki or, gal aur donoan aankhoan ke oopar ek b da safed sa dhabba hota hai. lekin uttari chin aur roos ke bahut b de aur durlabh saeeberiyaee baghoan (pi. taigris eltaika) ke bal lanbe, mulayam aur halke pile hote haian.
• kuchh kale aur safed bagh bhi hote hai aur keval ek poornatah safed bagh ki hi janakari mili hai.

bhojan

shikar karane aur bharapet khane ke bad bagh bachi huee lash ko giddh aur any apamarjakoan se chhupane ka jan-boojhakar prayas karata hai, jisase bhavishy mean bhi khana mil sake. vah any baghoan ya teanduoan dvara mare ge shikar ko le jane mean bhi nahian jhijhakata aur kabhi-kabhi vah s da maans bhi kha leta hai.

bagh rat ko shikar karata hai. hiran, jangali sooar evan mor sahit vibhinn prakar ke janavaroan ko apana shikar banata hai. sadharanat: yah hrisht-pusht b de stanadhariyoan par hamala nahian karata, yadyapi aisi ghatanaean haian, jab bagh ne hathi ya javan bhaianse par hamala kiya. bagh kabhi-kabhi manav bastiyoan se bhi palatoo janavaroan ko uthakar le jata hai. boodha ya vikalaang bagh ya shavakoan vali baghin adami ka asani se shikar kar sakate haian tatha narabhakshi ban jate haian.

sanrakshan ke prayas

bagh
Tiger|thumb|200px yadyapi vigat 1,000 sal se bagh ka shikar kiya jata raha hai, phir bhi 20vian sadi ke shuroo mean jangaloan mean rahane vale bagh ki sankhya 1,00,000 aanki gee thi. is sadi ke avasan par aisi ashanka thi ki vishv bhar mean keval 5,000 se 7,000 bagh bache hue haian. aj tak baghoan ka mahatv vijayachihn aur mahange kotoan ke lie khal ke strot ke roop mean tha. baghoan ko is adhar par bhi mara jata tha ki ve manav ke lie khatara haian. 1970 ke dashak mean adhikatar deshoan mean shauqiya shikar par pratibandh laga diya gaya tatha bagh ki khal ka vyapar gair qanooni bana diya gaya. 1980 ke dashak mean baghoan ki ganana se pata chala ki unaki sankhya badh rahi hai aur aisa laga ki sanrakshan prayas saphal ho rahe haian aur unake vilupt hone ka koee khatara nahian hai.

kiantu sthiti aisi nahian thi, jaisi dikhaee deti thi. bagh ke aangoan, khop di, haddiyoan, galamuchchh, snayutantr aur khoon ko lanbe samay se eshiyaee log, vishesh roop se chini, aushadhi aur shaktivarddhak pey banane mean istemal karate rahe haian, jisaka gathiya, mooshak dansh aur vibhinn bimariyoan ko thik karane, taqat bahal karane aur kamottejak ke roop mean upayog kiya jata hai. jab tak bagh ke shikar par pratibandh nahian laga tha. usake sharir ke in bhagoan ki kabhi kami nahian rahi. lekin 1980 ke dashak ke aant mean in aangoan ke bhandar khatm ho rahe the aur aise saboot the ki inako pane ke lie tab bhi baghoan ko mara ja raha tha. savadhanipoorvak ki gee ganana se pata chala ki karmachariyoan ne, jinaki gairaqanooni shikariyoan se saanth-gaanth thi ya jo uchchadhikariyoan ko khush karane ke lie utsuk the, pahale ki ganana ko badha-chadha kar pesh kiya tha. isi samay gairaqanooni shikar ki khabarean tezi se badh rahi thian tatha bagh ke aangoan ka avaidh vyapar phalaphool raha tha aur apoorti mean kami ke karan inaki qimatean aur zyada ho gee thian. kabhi-kabhi aparadhi ko pak da jata tha aur baramad mal ko nasht kiya jata tha, jisaka atyadhik prachar bhi kiya jata tha. vastav mean taskaroan ko rokane ke lie bahut kam prayas kie ge aur kee deshoan mean chini aushadhi vikretaoan ke pas shaktivardhak pey ab bhi upalabdh haian.

pratibandhit desh

sarakaroan par un deshoan ke khilaf pratibandh lagane ke lie dabav dala gaya, jo bagh ke aangoan ke vyapar ko samapt karane ke lie samuchit upay karane mean viphal rahe. sanrakshanakartaoan ne yah vishvas karate hue ki sanyukt rajy amerika dvara dandatmak upay ki dhamaki hi parivartan lane mean madad karegi, rashtrapati bil kliantan ke prashasan se karyavahi karane ka agrah kiya aur aprail 1994 mean unhoanne aisa kiya bhi. taivan se qarib 2 karo d 50 lakh d aaular salana mooly ke vany jiv utpadoan ke ayat par pratibandh laga diya gaya. kuchh sarakaroan ne sahayog ka prayas kiya. march 1994 mean bharat ne baghoan ko bachane ke ek sangathit prayas ke tahat 10 rashtroan ke 'vishv bagh manch' ki pahali baithak bulaee.

gair qanooni shikar band ho jane ke bavajood bagh ke lie khatara samapt nahian hoga. bharat mean, jahaan sabase adhik sankhya mean bagh rahate haian. tezi se badhati janasankhya ki adhik bhoomi ki avashyakata ke karan baghoan ke avas aur bhojan apoorti mean kami a rahi hai. isake bavajood prakriti ke prati vastavik samman qayam hai aur baghoan ko bachane ke lie bharat pahale hi b di rashi kharch kar chuka hai. asha hai ki shayad manav aur bagh sahastitv jari rakhane ke lie koee rasta dhooandh nikaleange.

bharat mean bagh

khatm hote jangal aur shikariyoan par aankush n hone se rashtriy pashu aur jangal ke raja bagh ki sankhya lagatar kam hoti ja rahi hai. desh ke sabhi abhayarany mean lagatar inaki sankhya kam hoti ja rahi hai. adhikarik aank doan ke anusar bisavian sadi ke shuroo mean desh mean 40 hajar se jyada bagh the. sadi ke shurooati sat dashakoan mean aandhadhuandh shikar aur jangaloan ke simatane ke karan 1972 mean baghoan ki sankhya ghatakar 1872 rah gee. baghoan ki is tarah girati sankhya par kendr sarakar ne 1973 mean 'nau taigar rijarv' ilakoan mean 'bagh bachao yojana' shuroo ki. isamean uttar pradesh tatha ab uttarakhand ka jim karbet bagh sanrakshit van kshetr bhi shamil tha. uttarapradesh mean rajy mean 26 hajar hektayar se jyada van ilake par atikraman ho gaya hai. rajy mean baghoan ke rahane ka ekamatr sthan 'dudhava taigar rijarv' mean bhi 827 hektayar jamin par gairakanooni kabja ho chuka hai.

uttar pradesh mean jab 1990 mean ginati huee to baghoan ki sankhya 240 thi. varsh 2001 mean huee ganana mean 284 bagh the jinamean 123 nar,132 mada aur 29 shavak the. do sal bad 2003 mean huee ginati mean inaki sankhya sthir rahi aur do sal mean sirph ek bagh kam mila. us samay pae ge 283 bagh mean 92 nar, 162 mada aur 29 shavak the.

varsh 2005 ki ginati mean das bagh kam hue aur inaki sankhya 273 ho gee. varsh 2007 mean karaee gee ginati ke parinam 2008 mean ae aur inaki sankhya 109 ho gee. baghoan ki ginati pahale unake panjoan ke nishan ke aghar par hoti thi lekin 2007 ki ganana mean nayi paddhati ka istemal kiya gaya. ginati ke is tarike ko jyada vishvasaniy mana gaya. kuchh logoan ne 'kaimara traip paddhati' par yah kah kar saval uthaya ki isamean kaimare jamin se dedh phut oopar lage hote haian aur shavak usaki reanj mean nahian a pate.

shaharikaran, audyogiki vikas ki raphtar ne duniya bhar mean jal, jangal, jamin ko nukasan pahuanchaya hai. isase sarvadhik hani paryavaran evan usako banae rakhane mean pramukh bhoomika nibhane vale any praniyoan ki huee. jangal mean jabaran ghuse vikas ne janavaroan ke astitv par hi prashnachinh lagane ki prakriya shuroo kar di. parinam svaroop vany prani lagatar khatm hote ja rahe haian. kuchh jiv jantu samapt ho gaye aur kuchh janavaroan ki kee prajatiyaan luptapray hone ki kagar par hai. aise mean chhote-chhote vany praniyoan se lekar jangal ke raja sher (bagh) tak sabake lie apani jan bachae rakhana mushkil ho gaya hai. bagh sanrakshan ke sarakari iantajam 'saphed hathi' sabit ho rahe haian.

• peanthera taigris, niyofelis taigris ya liyo taigris, eshiya ki vishalakay billi, vidal kul (filidi) ka sabase b da sadasy hai. sher, teandua aur any ki tarah bagh b de aur daha dane vale vidaloan mean se ek haian. taqat aur ugrata mean isaka ekamatr pratidvandvi keval sianh hai.
• manushy ke anusar vishv mean sabase b de vidal vanshi, bagh (peanthera taigris) se adhik hiansak koee janavar nahian hai aur koee bhi isase zyada dar paida nahian karata. aimoor bagh (pi.ti. atalaantika) ki prajati ka vazan 300 kigra tak aur nak se pooanchh tak lanbaee char mitar paee gee hai.
• jnat ath kish‍moan ki prajati mean se shahi bangal taigar (bagh) uth‍tar poorvi kshetroan ko chho dakar desh bhar mean paya jata hai aur p dosi deshoan mean bhi paya jata hai jaise nepal, bhootan aur bangaladesh. bharat mean baghoan ki ghatati janasankhh‍ya ki jaanch karane ke lie aprail 1973 mean 'projekh‍t taigar' (bahy pariyojana) shuroo ki gee. ab tak is pariyojana ke adhin bagh ke 27 arakshit kshetroan ki sh‍thapana ki gee hai jinamean 37,761 varg ki.mi. kshetr shamil hai.

bagh ki upajatiyaan

bagh ki 8 upaprajatiyaan, jinaki pahachan huee hai, ve haian -

1. peanthera taigris, bharatiy ya bangal taigar (bagh), bharat , nepal, bhootan, baangladesh aur pashchimi myaanmar mean paya jata hai.
2. pi.ti. korbetaee ya bharatiy chini bagh, poorvi aur dakshini myaanmar, maleshiyaee prayadvip, thaeelaiand, laos, kanbodiya, viyatanam aur chin ke yunnan praant mean paya jata hai.
3. pi.ti. sumatraee ya sumatraee bagh, sumatra, iandoneshiya mean paya jata hai.
4. pi.ti. soandeika ya java ka javaee bagh, ab vilupt mana jata hai .
5. pi.ti. balika, bali desh ka bali bagh, ab vilupt mana jata hai.
6. pi.ti. emoeansis ya dakshin chin ka bagh, dakshin-madhy chin mean mushkil se jivit hai.
7. pi.ti. virgata, kaispiyaee bagh, yah bhi vilupt mana jata hai.
8. pi.ti. atalantika ya emoor bagh, roos ke soodoor poorvi ilaqe aur p dosi chin evan uttar koriya mean paya jata hai.

jangali vidal

eshiyaee jangali vidaloan mean teandue ke bad bagh bhaugolik roop se sabase zyada phaila hua hai aur vyapak avasiy vividhata ke anuroop usane apane ap ko dhal liya hai. saiberiyaee taiga van, jahaan sardiyoan mean tapaman - 40digri se. tak gir jata hai, se lekar dakshin-poorvi eshiya ke sadabahar van, bharat ke shushk patajh d van, brahmaputr ke kachhar ki ooanchi ghas ke maidan aur suandaravan ke maiangrov van tak, jahaan tapaman 40 digri se. tak chadh jata hai, in sabhi jagahoan par bagh aram se rahata hai. bagh ki sabase zyada abadi ghane vanoan ke atirikt us bhoobhag mean paee jati hai, jahaan b di sankhya mean shikar paya jata hai, jaise ooanchi ghas ke maidan, mishrit ghas ke maidani jangal aur patajh d evan arddh patajh d van. poorvi eshiya ke shitoshn aur ushnoshn vanoan mean vikasit vidalavanshiyoan mean sabase vishalakay yah bagh garmi ko ab bhi apekshakrit kam hi sahan kar pata hai. yah ek kushal tairak hai, phir bhi n to meghashyam teandue (niyofelis nebulosa) ki tarah taivan aur borniyo dvip mean aur n hi teandue (peanthera pardas) ki tarah shrilanka (bhootapoorv silon) dvip mean bas saka. isase sanket milata hai ki bagh is dvipoan ke mukhyabhoomi se alag hone ke bad yahaan pahuanche, halaanki bagh iandoneshiyaee dvipasamooh ke sumatra, java aur bali mean paya jata hai. lekin any kee jantu prajatiyoan ki tarah yah bali ke poorv mean gahare jal marg vailes rekha ko par nahian kar paya. any jantuoan ki tarah in dvipoan mean bagh ausatan chhote sharir ka tha. vilupt bali bagh sabhi 8 upaprajatiyoan mean sabase chhota tha, sharir aur pooanchh ko milakar usaki ausat lanbaee 2.5 mitar th. upayukt avas ki talash mean yah pashchim ki or turki aur kala sagar tak chala aya tha.

nivas ka vishesh ilaka

bagh visheshakar nar apan ilaqa sthapit v qayam karane ki koshish karate hai, jisaka akar v svaroop shikar ki sankhya aur phailav, ilaqe mean any baghoan ki upasthiti, bhoobhag ki prakriti, pani ki upalabdhata, jalavayu tatha vyaktigat visheshataoan par nirbhar karata hai. bagh ek-dusare se doori aur apane ilaqe ka qabza, daha dane, bhoomi khurachane, pe doan par panjoan ke nishan, vishtha nikshepan, chehare ki grathiyoan ko rag dakar gandh nikshepan tatha guda granthiyoan se nikali gandh evan mootr ke mishran ke chhi dakav se hasil karata hai. is jati ki ekaantapriyata bhi kshetr sangharsh ko talane mean madad karati hai. phir bhi sangharsh hota hai, jo kabhi chot ya mrityu ka bhi karan ban jata hai. bagh vishesh shikar ko prathamikata deta hai. amataur par apane sharir ke vazan ke barabar vazan vali prajatiyaan, jaise saanbar, daladali hiran aur jangali sooar adi ko. qaantoan se ghayal hone ke khatare ke bavajood sahi ke prati vishesh roochi ek apavad hai kee ilaqoan mean keval apani adhik sankhya ke karan chital, bagh ke ahar ka mukhy bhag hai.

prakriti santulan mean bagh ki bhoomika

sarvochch parabhakshi hone ke karan bagh prakriti ki niyantran aur santulan yojana mean pramukh bhoomika nibhata hai. shikar kie jane vale janavaroan ke alava yah apane ilaqe ke any parabhakshi teandue ki sankhya par bhi niyantran rakhata hai. isake viparit shikar hone vali prajatiyoan ki sthiti ka bhi bagh ki sankhya aur vitaran par asar p data hai, lekin utana nahian jitana prakritik shikar par poori tarah nirbhar parabhakshi prajatiyoan, jaise jangali kutte aur meghashyam teandue par p data hai, kyoanki bagh palatoo janavaroan ko bhi khata hai.

paranparagat hiandoo vishvas ke anusar

bagh devi durga ka vahan hai. jivavad ka anusaran karane vale kuchh janajatiy samuday ab bhi bagh ko poojate hai aur usake avasiy kshetr mean rahane vale use bhay aur shraddha se dekhate haian. siandhu ghati sabhyata ki muharoan mean bagh ko darshaya gaya hai. prachin kal mean gupt samratoan mean se sabase mahan samudragupt ke vishesh sone ke sikke mean unhean bagh ka vadh karate hue dikhaya gaya hai. apane prabal shatru aangrezoan ko hara n sakane ke karan tipoo sultan ne apani kuantha ko door karane ke lie aangrez sainik ka shikar karata hua jivit bagh jitana b da aur avaz nikalane vala bagh ka khilauna mangavaya tha.

eshiyaee kala aur dant kathaoan mean hathi aur sianh ke bad bagh jitana chitran kisi any vany pashu ka nahian hua hai. vaijnanik pramanoan ke viparit bagh ke aangoan ko taviz, khurak ya aushadhi ke roop mean istemal karane ki vartaman pratha bagh ke prabhamandal tatha sahasrabdiyoan se usake prati bhay se upaje vishvas ko darshata hai. chini panchag ka pratyek 12vaan sal vyaghr varsh ke roop mean manaya jata hai aur isamean janmean bachche vishesh roop se bhagyashali aur shaktishali mane jate haian.

bagh dantakathaoan aur aandhavishvasoan ka vishay raha hai. khel aur khal ke lie isaka shikar kiya jat hai. jahaan yah paya jata hai, vahaan apane vibhinn aangoan ke kathit roganashak, sanrakshi ya kamottejak gunoan ke karan ise mahattvapoorn mana jata hai.

bagh ke aangoan ka prayog

• pradarshan aur pooja ke lie khal sahit bagh ke aangoan ko kafi mahattvapoorn mana jata hai.
• taviz ke lie panje, daant aur hansuli.
• apane dushman ko aant ke alsar se pi dit karane ke lie galamuchchh.
• aushadhi ke lie rakt aur mootr.
• shaktivarddhan aur parakram ke lie maans.
• sanbhog shakti ke lie shishn.
• sabase mahattvapoorn yah hai ki aushadhi evan chini sharab ke lie haddiyaan istemal ki jati hai. ek achchhi khal ki qimat 15,000 d aaular tak ho sakati hai. ek kigra haddiyaan 250 d aaular mean bechi ja sakati haian.

gairaqanooni shikar

gairaqanooni shikar baghoan ki sankhya mean kami ka ek pramukh karan raha hai, lekin pichhali do sadiyoan mean unaki sankhya mean bhari kami ke karan haian-

• avasiy ilaqe mean tezi se katauti, gunatmak aur parimanatmak dono roop se.
• shauqiya shikar.
• bagh jatiyoan ki sankhya mean kami ke karan palatoo janavaroan par zyada nirbharata aur is karan adami dvara badale ki karyavahi.
• manav aur palatoo janavaroan ki sankhya mean vriddhi se bagh ke avasiy ilaqe mean ashaanti v katauti.
• krishi ke lie vanoan tatha vishesh roop se bagh ki pasandida ooanchi ghas ke maidanoan ki kataee.
• yuddh aur vidroh.
• avasiy ilaqe ke vikhandan aur alagav tatha parivartit vatavaran ke anusar apane ko dhalane evan manushy ki nikatata v apavyay se talamel bithane mean bagh ki viphalata.

bagh ki keval paanch jatiyaan shesh

1999 ke akalan ke anusar, bagh ki shesh paanch jatiyoan ki sankhya is prakar hai-

bharatiy bagh - 3,000 se 4,550
sumatraee bagh - 400 se 500
bharat-chini bagh - 1,200 se 1,700
dakshini chin ka bagh - 20 se 30
emoor bagh - 360 se 400
is prakar 20vian sadi ke aant mean vishv bhar mean baghoan ki kul sankhya 5,000 se 7,500 ke bich hone ka anuman tha.

ghatati sankhya par chiantan

tin dashak pahale baghoan ki ghatati sankhya par ganbhir chianta vyakt ki gee thi aur dhire-dhire sabhi deshoan ne is janavar ki suraksha ke upay kie, jinamean alag-alag had tak saphalata mili. bagh ko apane avasiy ilaqe mean qanooni suraksha prapt hai, lekin sab jagah qanoon karagar dhang se lagoo nahian ho raha hai. bharat ne, jahaan baghoan ki adhi sankhya paee jati hai, ise rashtriy pashu ghoshit kiya hai aur 1973 mean mahattvakaankshi bagh pariyojana shuroo ki, jisake tahat chune hue bagh arakshit kshetroan ko vishisht darja diya gaya aur vahaan vishesh sanrakshan prayas kie ge. nepal, maleshiya aur iandoneshiya ne kee rashtriy udyan aur abhayarany sthapit kie haian, jahaan is janavar ki karagar dhang se raksha ki jati hai. thailaiand, kanbodiya aur viyatanam bhi aisi hi karravaee kar rahi haian. chin ekamatr aisa desh hai, jahaan bagh ki tinoan upaprajatiyaan haian, jinamean sabase adhik sankatapann dakshin chin ka bagh hai; vah bhi bagh ke sanrakshan par vishesh dhyan de raha hai, roos evan sudoor poorv mean, jahaan gairaqanooni shikar ne emoor bagh ke lie ganbhir khatara paida kar diya hai, saghan prayas aur karagar gasht se isaki sankhya mean badhotari huee hai.

bagh ki sthiti ne vyapak sahanubhooti jagaee hai aur isake sanrakshan ke lie kafi paisa mila hai. varld vaid fand f aaur nechar (dabloo. dabloo.eph.) pathapradarshak aur sabase b da aanshadata raha hai, lekin eks aaun evan kee any sangathanoan ne bhi b da yogadan kiya hai. d kanaveanshan aaun iantaraneshanal tred in endeanjard spishiz (saites) ko bagh ke utpadoan ke gairaqanooni vyapar par niyantran ka kam sauanpa gaya hai bagh ko bachane ke lie sanyukt prayasoan mean samanvay ke lie vishv bagh manch ki sthapana ki gee hai.

kam hote bagh

eshiya mean pae jane vale is rajasi prani ke bhavishy par manushy ki kali nazar bahut pahale se p d chuki hai. prakriti ke is bhavy, takatavar, adbhut aur shahi prani ko bachane ke lie ab tak jitani bhi yojanaean banian, unhean thik se palan nahian karane se aur lagatar badhati manav janasankhya se jangaloan par itana dabav p d raha hai ki kamobesh har kshetr mean jangal pichhale ek dashak mean apani vastavik simaoan se 47 pratishat tak siku d chuke haian. bharat aur chin jaise zyada abadi vale deshoan mean to sthiti bhayavah ho chuki hai.

vilupt hoti prajati

eshiya mean baghoan ki kul nau prajatiyaan haian, jinhean kshetr ke adhar par baanta gaya hai. isamean saiberiyan bagh, jo roos ke sudoor aur durgam saiberiya ke barphile jangaloan mean ab shayad sirph 450 ke qrarib bache haian. r aauyal bangal taigar, jo bharat, nepal, baangladesh aur myaanmar ke jangaloan mean paya jata hai. inaki sankhya kul 1800 ke as pas hai.

bangal taigar ki sabase nikatatam prajati hai iandochainiz taigar, jo kabhi laos, viyatanam, kambodiya aur malayeshiya mean paya jata tha. inaki sankhya ab sirph 300 bachi hai. isake alava malay taigar jo thailaiand aur malayeshiya mean paya jata hai. yah ab sirph 500 bache haian jinamean se adhikatar manav nirmit pashu shiviroan mean pae jate hai.

isake alava sumatra taigar, jo sumatra dvip samooh mean paya jata hai. isaki sankhya ab 400 bataee ja rahi hai. hiand mahasagar mean base java aur bali dvipoan mean pae jane vale java taigar aur bali taigar, jo akar mean sabase chhote mane jate the, ab vilupt man lie ge haian. kisi zamane mean uttar eshiya mean mangoliya se lekar kazakistan, afaganistan, turkamenistan, eeran, iraq se lekar turki tak paya jane vala kaispiyan taigar bhi ab vilupt ho chuka hai.

avaidh karobar ke shikar

chin mean varsh 2010 mean taigar varsh manaya ja raha hai aur durbhagyapoorn bat yah hai ki is karan se is varsh bagh ke aangoan ki maang mean zabaradast izafa hua hai. ek riport ke anusar madhy eshiya aur chin mean bagh ke liang ki kimat 80,000 d aaular prati 10 gram hai, bagh ki khal 10,000 se lekar 1,00,000 d aaular tak, bagh ki haddiyaan 9,000 d aaular prati kilo tak bik jati hai. hriday aur any aantarik aangoan ki kimat bhi hajaroan lakhoan mean hai. isake bavajood kharidaroan ki koee kami nahian hai.

chini manyata ke anusar manae jane vale taigar iyar mean sabhi ko is sal is vilakshan prani ko bachane ki koshish karani chahie varana ane vale saloan mean bagh bhi draigan ki tarz par qisse kahaniyoan mean dekha padha jaega.

desh mean sirph 1411 bagh hi bache hai yah ginati sahi hai ya galat is par saval uthaya ja sakata hai par yah sach hai ki hamare desh ke jangaloan v abhyaranyoan mean taskaroan dvara kiye ge avaidh shikar ke chalate baghoan ki sankhya mean teji se giravat aee hai aur yahi hal raha to vo din door nahian jab bagh sirph chi diyagharoan tak hi simit ho jayeange | hamare nanhe blogar adi ki ashanka bhi niradhar nahian ki agali bar bagh chi diyaghar mean bhi dekhane ko na mile |

baghoan ko shikariyoan ke shikar se bachane ke lie sarakar bhi itane suraksha karmi jangaloan mean tainat nahian kar sakati jo in shikariyoan par aankush laga sake | isake lie hamean jangal ke as-pas rahane vale graminoan ke samane hi bagh ki mahatta ke udaharan pesh unhean samajhana hoga ki bagh unake khetoan se door jangal rah kar bhi kaise unaki khetoan mean k di phasal ki rakhavali kar sakata hai aur is asantulan se bachane ke lie jangal mean bagh ka hona hamare lie kitana jaruri hai |

parivarik ikaee

• garm ilaqoan mean bagh varsh bhar bachche paida karate haian.
• thande ilaqoan mean ye vasant ke mausam mean prajanan karate haian.
• inaki ausat garbhavadhi 113 din ki hoti hai aur ek bar mean 2 ya 3 shavak paida hote haian.
• shavak dharidar hote haian aur maan ke sath tab tak rahate haian, jab tak ve vayask hokar apane ap shikar karane mean samarth n ho jaean. shavak jab tak atmanirbhar nahian ho jate, baghin dubara prajanan nahian karati.
• bagh ki ausat ayu qarib 11 sal hoti hai.
• qaid mean rahane par atyadhik nikat sanbandh ke karan bagh aur sianh ka sankar paida ho sakata hai. aise prajanan mean yadi bagh pita hai, to shavak tig aaun aur yadi sianh pita hai, to shavak laigar kahalata hai.

shavakoan ka lalan palan

100 din ki garbhavadhi ke bad shavak paida hote hai. ek bar mean do se char shavak paida hote haian. shavak aandhe paida hote haian aur jab unaki aankhean khuli bhi rahati haian, tab bhi ve aparadarshita ke karan chhah se ath hafte tak spasht roop se nahian dekh pate. is karan doodh-chhu daee, sanrakshan aur prashikshan ka lanba samay hota hai, jisake dauran shavak ki mrityu dar adhik hoti hai, vishesh roop se yadi khane ki bhi kami ho. shikar par jane ke karan lanbe samay tak maan ki anupasthiti aur kabhi-kabhi khana upalabdh hone ki sthiti mean taqatavar shavakoan ki akramakata ke karan kamazor shavakoan ko kam bhojan milata hai. nar shavak mada shavakoan ki tulana mean zyada tezi se badhate haian aur apani maan ko jaldi chho d dete haian. shikar karane ka kaushal aanshik roop qaid mean pale-pose ge baghoan ko yadi vanoan mean chho da gaya, to ve achchhi tarah se apana bharan-poshan nahian kar pate haian. halaanki mukhy roop se nar dvara shavakoan ki hatya ki bat ka pata chalata hai, lekin baghin aur shavakoan ke sath nar ke hone, yahaan tak ki shikar mean hissedari asamany bat nahian hai. lekin yah sath lanbe samay tak nahian rahata.

narabhakshi bagh

narabhakshan se badhakar bagh ke kisi aur acharan ne adami ko vikarshit nahian kiya hai. is vipathan ke kee karan haian, umr v chot ke karan vikalaangata, shikar ki kami, maan se yah adat sikhana, shavak ya shikar kie janavar ko bachane ya any karanoan se adami ko marana aur isake bad use khana. baghoan ki sankhya mean kami ke karan narabhakshi bagh bhi durlabh ho ge haian, keval pashchim bangal mean suandaraban ke jangal isaka apavad haian.

bahari k di

• http://www.indianwildlifeportal.com
• http://projecttiger
• raja ka hai hal behal

sambandhit liank

1. REDIRECT saancha:rashtriy chihn aur pratik