ब्राह्मी लिपि अशोक-काल

ashok ki brahmi lipi

any sanbandhit lekh brahmi lipi ashok ke shilalekh brahmi lipi ashok kal

• sikandar ke 325 ee.poo. mean pashchimottar bharat se hi vapas chale jane ke turant bad chandragupt (324-300 ee.poo.) ne nandavansh ka takhta ulatakar maury vansh ki sthapana ki.
• chandragupt ke bad usaka putr biandusar rajagaddi par baitha, aur biandusar ki mrityu ke bad usaka putr ashok 372 ee. poo. mean raja bana. jnat hota hai ki rajagaddi ke lie shuroo mean kafi jhag da hua tha; kyoanki ashok ka rajyabhishek usake gaddi par baithane ke char sal bad 268 ee. poo. mean hua. isake bad usane lagabhag 37 sal tak bharat ke ek vishal bhoo-bhag par rajy kiya. usane kaliang ko bhi apane rajy mean shamil kar liya tha. bauddh granthoan ke ullekhoan se pata chalata hai ki aranbh mean vah, apani kroorata ke karan, chandashok kahalata tha; parantu bad mean usane bauddh dharm ko svikar kiya aur vah dharmik kary karane laga to use dharmashok kaha jane laga.

• ashok ke keval do dharmalekho yani gujarra madhy pradesh mean datiya ke pas, tatha maski, ji0 rayachoor, karnatak ke laghu-shilalekhoan mean hi hamean usaka 'asok' nam dekhane mean ata hai. shesh sabhi dharmalekhoan mean use devanan piyen piyadasin lajin kaha gaya hai. spasht hai ki yah nam usane bauddh dharm grahan karane ke bad hi dharan kiya hoga. ashok ka samakalin shrilanka ka tiss ya tishy raja bhi apane nam ke sath 'devanaanpriy' jo data tha. tiss raja ke samay mean hi ashok ka putr mahendr evan putri sanghamitra bauddh dharm ka prachar kare ke lie shrilanka pahuanche the.
• ashok ke lie kahian-kahian 'ashokavardhan' nam bhi milata hai. usake ek dharmalekh mean use 'magadh ka raja' kaha gaya hai. parantu usake samrajy ke lie usake lekhoan mean adhikatar 'prithvi' ya 'janboodvip' shabd hi milate haian. usaki rajadhani pataliputr, patana mean thi. ashok ke dharmalekh bharat mean jis bhi sthan par mile haian, vahaan usaka rajy nishchit roop se tha hi. usane apane lekhoan mean 'aparajit' rajyoan ka bhi spasht ullekh kiya hai. dakshin bharat ke chol, paandy, keral tatha tamraparni (shrilanka) desh ashok ke samrajy ke bahar the. usake lekhoan mean eshiya ke kee 'yon', yoonani rajaoan tatha misr ke turamay ya tulamay (t aaulami) raja ka bhi ullekh milata hai.
• ashok ke dharmalekh pashchimottar bharat (pakistan) se lekar dakshin mean karnatak tak mile haian. usake rajy ki simaean poorv mean bangal ki kha di aur pashchim mean arab sagar ko chhooti thian. ashok ke dharmalekhoan mean keval do yani shahabajagadhi aur manasehara ke shilalekh kharoshthi lipi mean hai. kandahar ke pas ke shar-e-kuna sthan se ashok ka dvaibhashik, arameee-yoonani lekh mila hai. usake shesh sabhi lekh brahmi lipi mean haian. in lekhoan ki lipi ke lie sadaiv 'dhammalipi', 'dhammadipi' ya 'dhammalibi' shabdoan ka prayog kiya gaya hai.
• ashok ke samast dharmalekhoan ko mukhyat: do bhagoan mean vibhajit kiya ja sakata hai:

1. shilastanbh lekh, aur
2. shilaphalak lekh.

shilastanbh ek hi prastar-khand ke haian aur ye chunar ke balua pattharoan se banae ge haian. in par kiya hua bahut badhiya op (p aaulish) aj bhi hamean ashchary mean dal deta haian. inhean door-door tak kitani kathinaee se le jaya gaya hoga, isaka aandaja hamean phirojashah dvara 14vian shatabdi mean topara aur merath se ashok ke stanbhoan ke dilli lae jane ke vivaran se lag sakata hai. ashok ke shilastanbh aj nimnalikhit sthanoan par haian:
ilahabad-kosam shilastanbh
[[chitr:Inscription-Of-Ashoka-Brahmi-Script.jpg|thumb|250px|brahmi lipi mean likhe ashok ke shilalekh, rashtriy sangrahalay, dilli]] moolat: is stanbh ko kaushanbi nagari (adhunik kosam- ilahabad se lagabhag 50 kilomitar door ek chhota-sa gaanv) mean sthapit kiya gaya tha. is bat ki koee nishchit janakari nahian milati ki kaun ise ilahabad le aya. is stanbh par ashok ke 6 lekh haian. is par usake do lekh aur haian, jo 'rani ka stanbhalekh' (kyoanki isamean usaki ek rani kaluvaki ke dan ka ullekh hai) aur 'kaushaanbi ka stanbhalekh' ke nam se prasiddh haian. isi stanbh par bad mean samudragupt (320-375 ee.) ne bhi apana ek lekh khudavaya tha. mugal badashah jahaangir (1605-27 ee.) ka bhi ek farasi lekh is par milata hai.
rumminadeee stanbhalekh
rumminadeee, luanbini ke mandir ke pas kh da hone se ise yah nam diya gaya hai. yah sthan basti zile ke dulha gaanv se lagabhag 8 kilomitar door nepal ki bhagavanapur tahasil mean hai. isi sthan par bhagavan buddh ka janm hua tha. ashok apane rajyabhishek ke 20 sal bad is sthan par pooja karane aya tha.
nigali-sagar shilastanbh
yah sthan bhi basti zile ke uttar mean nepal ki taraee mean hai, aur rumminadeee se lagabhag bis kilomitar pashchimottar ki taraph hai. yah stanbh nigaliv gaanv ke pas nigali sagar nam ke ek vishal sarovar ke pas kh da hai. ashok yahaan bhi pooja ke lie aya tha. gautam buddh ke bhi pahale ke kisi kanakamuni buddh ke shariravasheshoan par yahaan ek stoop banaya gaya tha.
dilli-topara shilastanbh
is stanbh ko phirojashah (1351-88 ee.) ne topara, aanbala zila, hariyana se mangavakar dilli mean kh da karavaya tha. is par sat lekh haian.
dilli-merath shilastanbh
ise bhi phiroj merath se uthakar laya tha. pharrukhasiyar ke samay (1713-19 ee.) mean baroodakhane ke phatane se is stanbh ko b da nuqasan pahuancha aur isake kee tuk de ho ge. 1876 mean ise vartaman roop mean kh da kiya gaya.
chanparan zile ke tin stanbh
bihar ke chanparan zile mean ashok ke tin stanbh milate haian-

1. radhiya ke pas lauriya araraj mean,
2. mathiya ke pas lauriya nandanagadh mean,
3. ramapurava mean.

inamean se pratyek par chhah lekh haian.
saanchi stanbh
yah sthan madhy pradesh mean bhopal ke pas hai. yahaan ka stanbh khandit avastha mean hai.
saranath stanbh
saranath stanbh varanasi ke pas hai. yahaan se ashok ka ek bhagn stanbh aur suprasiddh sianhashirsh mila hai.

• ashok ke stanbhalekh p aaulish ki huee golakar satah par hone ke karan adhik spasht aur kalatmak haian. sabhi stanbhoan par poorn lekh nahian milate. kuchh stanbhoan ke toot jane ke karan un par khandit lekh hi milate haian, jaise ki saranath aur saanchi ke stanbhoan par.
• ashok ke jo lekh shilaoan par milate haian, unake lie shilaphalak shabd ka prayog hua hai. shilaphalakoan se yahaan arth chattanoan se hai. ab tak keval ek hi lekh aisa mila hai, jo alag prastar-khand par utkirn hai. yah shilaphalak rajasthan mean jayapur ke nikat bairat se mila tha. ab yah kalakatta ke sangrahalay, eshiyatik sosayati mean rakha hua hai, isalie ise 'bairat-kalakatta shilalekh' ka nam diya gaya hai. ashok ke shesh sabhi shilalekh chattanoan par khude hue haian. un-un sthanoan par jo bhi pramukh chattan mili, us par lekh utkirn kar die ge. likhate samay stanbhoan ki tarah chattanoan ko chikana karane ka prayatn nahian kiya gaya hai; samanyat: kisi bhi sapat-se patthar-khand ko chunakar us par lekh khudava die ge haian. yahi karan hai ki stanbhalekhoan ki apeksha shilalekh kuchh bedhange jan p date haian. suvidha ke lie ashok ke shilalekhoan ko do bhagoan mean baanta gaya hai-

1. mukhy shilalekh ya chaturdash-shilalekh aur
2. laghu-shilalekh.

laghu-shilalekh

laghu-shilalekh nimn sthanoan par pae ge haian:

1. bairat : rajasthan ke jayapur zile mean. yah shilaphalak kalakatta sangrahalay mean hai.
2. roopanath: jabalapur jila, madhy pradesh.
3. maski : rayachoor zila, karnatak.
4. gujarra : datiya zila, madhy pradesh.
5. rajulamandagiri : ballari zila, karnatak.
6. sahasaram : shahabad zila, bihar.
7. gadhimath : rayachoor zila, karnatak.
8. palkiguandu : gavimat ke pas, rayachoor zila, karnatak.
9. brahmagiri : chitradurg zila, karnatak.
10. siddhapur : chitradurg zila, karnatak.
11. jatianga rameshvar : chitradurg zila, karnatak.
12. erragu di : karnool zila, aandhr pradesh.
13. dilli : amar k aauloni, dilli.
14. aharaura : mirjapur zila, uttar pradesh.

• ye sabhi laghu-shilalekh ashok ne apane rajakarmachariyoan ko sanbodhit karake likhavae haian. ashok ne sabase pahale laghu-shilalekh hi khudavae the, isalie inaki shaili usake any lekhoan se kuchh bhinn hai.

mukhy shilalekh

ashok ke chaturdash-shilalekh ya mukhy shilalekh nimnalikhit sthanoan par pae jate hai :

1. giranar : saurashtr, gujarat rajy mean joonagadh ke pas. isi chattan par shak mahakshatrap rudradamanh ne lagabhag 150 ee. mean sanskrit bhasha mean ek lekh khudavaya. bad mean gupt-samrat skandagupt (455-67 ee.) ne bhi yahaan ek lekh aankit karavaya. chandragupt maury ne yahaan 'sudarshan' nam ke ek sarovar ka nirman karavaya tha. rudradaman tatha skandagupt ke lekhoan mean isi surdashan sarovar ke punarnirman ki charcha hai.
2. kalasi : deharadoon zila, uttaraanchal.
3. sopara : (prachin soopparak) thane zila, maharashtr. yahaan se ashok ke shilalekh ke kuchh tuk de hi mile haian, jo muanbee ke prins aph vels sangrahalay mean rakhe hue haian.
4. erragu di : karnool zila, aandhr pradesh
5. dhauli : puri zila, u disa
6. jaug d : ganjam zila, u disa

• inake alava kharoshthi lipi mean ashok ke do aur chaturdash-shilalekh shahabajagadhi (peshavar zila) aur manasehara (hazara zila) mean haian. ye donoan sthan ab pakistan mean haian.
• shilalekhoan aur stanbhalekhoan ke alava ashok ke tin sankshipt gufalekh bhi milate haian. gaya ya buddhagaya ke pas 'barabar' nam ki paha di par char kritrim gufaean haian. prachin kal mean yah paha di khalatik parvat (skhalatik) ke nam se jani jati thi. uparyukt char gufaoan mean se tin mean ashok ke sankshipt lekh khude hue haian. in lekhoan se pata chalata hai ki ashok ne ajivik sanpraday ke bhikshuoan ke lie in gufaoan ka nirman karavaya tha. in gufaoan ke pas ki chauthi gufa mean maukhari raja anantavarman (chhathi shatabdi ee.) ka ek shilalekh hai. isi paha di par, parantu in gufaoan se lagabhag ek mil door, nagarjun paha di par tin gufaean aur haian. inamean ashok ke pote 'devanaanpriy' dasharath ke lekh haian. ye gufaean bhi ajivik sanpraday ke bhikshuoan ke lie banaee gee thian.
• ashok ke ek stanbhalekh se pata chalata hai ki usaka rajyabhishek (268 ee.poo.) hone ke 12 sal bad, arthath 256 ee.poo. se, usane dharmalekh khudavana aranbh kar diya tha. sabase pahale usane laghu-shilalekh khudavae aur usake anantar chatudarsh-shilalekh. tin gufalekhoan mean se do usane rajyabhishek ke 12 varsh bad aur tisara lekh rajyabhishek ke 19 varsh bad khudavaya tha. laghu-stanbhalekhoan mean koee tithi nahian milati. shesh stanbhalekhoan mean se kuchh usane shasan ke 21vean varsh mean, kuchh 27vean tatha 28vean varsh mean khudavae the.
• is prakar, ashok ke vibhinn lekhoan se kam-se-kam 15 se 20 saloan ka aantar hai. phir bhi, in sare lekhoan ki lekhan-shaili mean koee vishesh aantar nahian dikhaee deta, siva isake ki shilalekhoan ki apeksha stanbhalekh kuchh adhik achchhe likhe ge haian. isalie ashok ki brahmi lipi ke aksharoan ko ham koee sudridh tithigat adhar pradan nahian kar sakate. inhean uttari aur dakshini jaisi shailiyoan mean vibhajit karana bhi uchit nahian jan p data. ashok ke abhilekhoan ke sthanoan par vichar karane se spasht ho jata hai ki jahaan-jahaan bhi usake rajy mean rajamarg ge, vahaan usake dharmalekhoan ke sath 'lipikar' pahuanche aur brahmi lipi bhi pahuanchi. pashchimottar bharat ke keval do shilalekhoan ko chho dakar ashok ke baki sabhi lekh brahmi lipi mean haian.
• takshashila se mile arameee lipi ke ek lekh ko bhi kuchh vidvanh ashok ka manate haian. usi prakar, yoonani aur arameee lipiyoan mean ek dvaibhashik lekh (share-kuna, kandahar, afaganistan se) mila haian, jo katipay vidvanoan ki ray mean ashok ka hai. is prakar ham dekhate haian ki pashchimottar bharat mean kharoshthi, arameee tatha yoonani lipiyoan ka prachar hone se ashok ne apane dharmalekhoan ke le in sthaniy lipiyoan ka istemal kiya hai. isase sahaj hi yah nishkarsh nikalata hai ki yadi us samay bharat ke any pradeshoan mean bhi sthaniy lipiyoan ka prachar hota, to ashok apane lekh unamean khudavata. kiantu ham dekhate haian ki pashchimottar bharat ke alava shesh samooche bharatiy pradeshoan ke usake lekh brahmi lipi mean haian. yahi nahian, is brahmi lipi ke svaroop mean koee pradeshik aantar dekhane mean nahian ate. isase yah parinam nikalata hai ki ashok ke samay mean pray: sanpoorn bharatavarsh mean brahmi lipi ka vyavahar tha aur sadharan janata bhi is lipi ko padh-likh sakati thi. ashok ke lekhoan ki sarvadeshikata ka pata is bat se bhi chalata hai ki usane apane lekhoan mean sarvatr us samay ki bolachal ki prakrit bhasha ka prayog kiya hai. is prakrit ya pali mean praant-bhed ke anusar tho da-sa aantar zaroor drishtigat hota hai, parantu hai yah prakrit bhasha hi.
• ashok ke lekhoan mean 'lipikar' ya 'dipikar' shabd milate haian; inake sath 'likhite' 'lekhite' kriyaean bhi milati haian. shahabajagadhi ke kharoshthi lekh mean 'nipistamh' ya 'nipesitamh' kriya ka istemal kiya gaya hai. ye kriyaean 'ni-pish' arthath 'likhana' dhatu se bani haian. adhunik farasi mean bhi lekh ke lie 'navishta' shabd ka upayog hota hai. darayabahu (deriyas) ke behistun-lekh mean bhi 'dipi' (lipi) shabd milata hai. isalie 'lipikar' ya 'dipikar' shabd ko ham 'lekhak' ke arth mean le sakate haian.
• ashok ke chaudahavean arthath aantim shilalekh se usake in lekhoan ke vishay mean kuchh janakari milati hai. giranar ka chaudahavaan shilalekh hai:

ayan dhanmalipi devananpriyen priyadasina rana lekhapita asti ev sankhiten asti majhamen asti vistatan (.) n ch sarvan sarvat ghatitan (.) mahalake hi vijitan bahu ch likhitan likhapayisan chev (.) asti ch et kan pun vutan tas tas athas madhooratay kianti jano tatha patipajeth (.) tatr ekada asamatan as desan v sachhay karanan v alochetva lipikaraparadhen v arthat ye dharmalekh devataoan ke priy priyadarshi raja ne likhavae haian. (ye lekh) kahian sankshep mean, kahian madhyam roop mean aur kahian vistrit roop mean haian. kyoanki sab jagah sab batean lagoo nahian hotian (kisi kisi ne isaka arth 'sab jagah sab batean ya sab lekh nahian likhe ge hai', bhi kiya hai). mera rajy bahut vistrit hai, isalie bahut-se (lekh) likhavae ge haian aur bahut-se lagatar likhavae jaeange. kahian-kahian vishay ki rochakata ke karan ek hi bat bar-bar kahi gee hai, jisase ki log usake anusar acharan karean. in lekhoan mean jo kuchh apoorn likha gaya ho usaka karan desh-bhed, sankshipt lekh ya likhanevale ka aparadh samajhana chahie.

• lekin ashok ke abhilekhoan se yah bat pata nahian chalati ki ye shilalekh kis vidhi se khudavae ge. aisa lagata hai ki lekhoan ko khudavane ka kam do staroan mean poora hota tha. 'lipikar' ka kam patthar par lekh ko likh dene tak simit tha. lekh khodanevala koee doosara hi peshevar vyakti (shilpi) hota tha. hamare prachin sahity mean khodane ki kriya ke lie 'chhindati' shabd milata hai, jo 'chhidh' dhatu se bana hai. 'lipikar' ya lekhak kisi patthar par pahale choona-patthar ya koyale se aksharo ko likhata tha, aur bad mean khodane ka kam karane vala (shilpi) un aksharoan ka anusaran karate hue patthar par akshar khodata tha. aksharoan ke akar-prakar ke lie 'lipikar' hi jimmevar hota tha, parantu khodate samay aksharo ke akar-prakar mean yatkianchith farq p dana svabhavik hai. vastut: lekh khodane vale ka sthan gaun tha. ashok ke lekhoan ke aksharoan ki rekhaoan ki motaee bhi pray: ek-si dekhane ko milati hai kyoanki jis kh diya se lipikar ne pattharoan par akshar likhe hoange, vah aisi rahi hogi ki akshar saman motaee ke banean. khodane vale ne lekhak ke aksharoan ka hi anusaran kiya hai. bad ke brahmi abhilekhoan mean jis prakar aksharoan ke siroan par hamean ghuandiyaan dikhaee deti haian, vaisi ashok ke brahmi lekhoan mean dekhane ko nahian milatian. ashok ke shilalekhoan mean aksharo ki kh di rekhaoan ki lanbaee inaki a di rekhaoan se samanyat: duguni dekhane ko milati hai. parantu karnatak ke shilalekhoan mean yah lanbaee dugane se kuchh adhik aur ilahabad kosam stanbhalekh mean dugane se kuchh kam dikhaee deti hai.
• ashok ke brahmi lekhoan mean keval chhah mool svaroan ke sanket pae jate haian- 'a' , 'a', 'i', 'u', 'e' aur 'o'. inamean 'rri' evan 'lri' tatha inake dirgh roopoan ke lie akshar nahian haian. inamean 'ee' , 'oo', 'ai' tatha 'au' ke mool svaroan ke lie bhi akshar nahian haian. vyajanoan ke sath ju danevali svaroan ki matraoan ke roop mean ashok ke lekhoan mean keval 'a', 'i', 'ee', 'e', 'ai' tatha 'o' ki matraean milati haian. 'au' ke svatantr svar-sanket ya vyanjanoan ke sath laganevali isaki matra ke lie ashok ke likhoan mean koee chihn nahian dekhane mean ataph. anusvar ke lie ek biandu (an) ka prayog hua hai, jo pray: akshar ki dahini or kuchh oopar rakha jata tha. visarg ka chihn (:) bhi ashok ke kisi lekh mean nahian paya jata.
• ashok ke lekhoan mean nimnalikhit 33 vyanjanoan ke lie akshar-sanket haian :

k kh g gh y r l v ch chh j jh n sh sh s h t th d dh n d (ळ) t th d dh n p ph b bh m

300px|brahmi lipi ashok ki brahmi lipi ke akshar 300px|brahmi lipi ashok ke brahmi vyanjanoan ke sath svar-matraean jo dane ki vyavastha

in sabhi vyanjanoan mean 'a' svar nihit hai, arthath ye svaraant haian, halant nahian haian. yahaan par pratyek akshar ki visheshata ko vyakt karana mudran ki kathinaiyoan ke karan sanbhav nahian hai. phir bhi ham mote taur par ashok ke lekhoan ke aksharoan ki kuchh visheshataoan par prakash daleange. 'k' jo d ke chihn-sa 'kr aaus' ki tarah ka hai. ashok ke kisi bhi lekh mean 'n' ke lie sanket nahian milata. ashok ke lekhoan mean sabhi ooshma vyanjan milate haian, parantu unamean se 's' ka hi sarvadhik prayog dekhane ko milata hai. 'sh' aur 'sh' kalasi ke shilalekh mean milate haian. 'sh' karnatak ke lekhoan mean bhi hai. ashok ke kharoshthi lekhoan mean bhi 'sh', 'sh' tatha 's' ke lie akshar haian. stanbhalekhoan mean ' d' ('ळh') ke lie akshar milata hai. eळhk, dळi jaise pashuvachak shabdoan mean is akshar ka upayog dekhane ko milata hai.

• sanyukt vyanjanoan ko likhate samay adhikatar pahale uchcharit vyanjan ko oopar aur bad mean uchcharit vyanjan ko usake niche likha jata tha. parantu kahian-kahian yah bhi dekhane ko milata hai ki bad mean uchcharit vyanjan oopar likha gaya hai aur pahale uchcharit vyanjan usake niche hai. vastut: yah likhanevale ki galati ke karan hua hai aur isase yahi pata chalata hai ki 'lipikar' ya lekhak shuddh likhana nahian janate the. udaharan ke lie, giranar ke lekh mean 'vy' ke sthan par 'yv' likha gaya hai. 'r' ke lie brahmi lipi mean ek laharadar kh di lakir ka chihn hai. jab yah 'r' akshar kisi any vyanjan ke sath sanyuktakshar ke roop mean ata hai, to samanyat: 'r' ka akshar spasht roop se oopar rahata hai aur doosara vyanjanakshar kuchh chhote akar mean niche rahata hai. is niyam ke apavad bhi milate haian, aur isalie ek hi sanyuktakshar ko 'str' ya 'rs' tatha 'vr' ya 'rv' padha jata hai. ashok ke samay mean 'rh' (reph) ki dharana ka abhi poorn vikas nahian hua tha. asal mean, sanyukt vyanjanoan mean pahale anevale rh (reph) aur bad mean anevale r ka bhed ashok ke lipikar spasht roop se nahian janate the. aj bhi n keval chhote vidyarthi, balki padhe-likhe vayask bhi 'punarlikhit' ko 'purnalikhit', 'ashirvad' ko 'arshivad' adi likh jate haian.
• ashok ke brahmi lekhoan mean viramachihnoan ka upayog apavad roop mean hi milata hai. stanbhalekhoan mean shabdoan ke bich kuchh aantar dikhaee deta hai. kuchh any shilalekhoan mean shabdoan ke bich kabhi-kabhi aantar rakha gaya hai. parantu ashok ke sabhi lekhoan mean shabdoan ke bich spasht aantar diya gaya ho, aisi bat nahian hai. kuchh lekhoan mean poorn-viram ke roop mean dandachihn (.) ka bhi istemal dekhane ko milata hai; jaise, sahasaram ke laghu-shilalekh mean.
• ashok ke lekhoan mean kuchh akshar kabhi-kabhi ulate likhe hue bhi milate haian. aise akshar haian : 'gh' 'o' aur 'no'.

vaise, in shilalekhoan ko khodate samay kafi savadhani barati gee thi. lekh ke khud jane par use pun: shuddh bhh kiya jata tha. dekhane mean ata hai ki kuchh jagah bhool se chhoot ge akshar ko pun: likha gaya hai aur ashuddh akshar ko mita diya gaya hai. yah sahi hai ki ashok ki brahmi lipi ke kee aksharoan ke do-do, tin-tin roop dekhane ko milate haian, kiantu yah pradeshik aantar nahian hai. aant mean ham yahi kaheange ki ashok ke ye dharmalekh bharatiy sanskriti ki amooly nidhi haian. aj ke bharat ki pray: sabhi lipiyaan, aur videshoan ki bhi bahut-si lipiyaan, ashok ke lekhoan ki is brahmi ko apani janani man sakati haian. sansar ke itihas mean ashok ko chho dakar any kisi bhi shasak ne itane vishal star par naitik evan dharmik lekh nahian khudavae haian. yahaan ham ashok ke brahmi lekhoan ke kuchh namoone de rahe haian- lipyantar aur arth-sahit.

300px|brahmi lipi rumminadeee ke ashok-stanbh par khuda hua yah lekh brahmi lipi mean hai aur baeean or se daeean or ko padha jata hai :

lipyantar

1. devanan piyen piyadasin lajin visativasabhisiten
2. atan agach mahiyite hid budhe jate sakyamuniti
3. silavigadabhicha kalapit silathabhe ch usapapite
4. hid bhagavan jateti luanminigame ubalike kate
5. athabhagiye ch

arth :

1. devataoan ke priy priyadarshi raja ne (apane) rajyabhishek ke 20 varsh bad svayan akar is sthan ki pooja ki,
2. kyoanki yahaan shakyamuni buddh ka janm hua tha.
3. yahaan patthar ki ek divar banavaee gee aur patthar ka ek stanbh kh da kiya gaya.
4. buddh bhagavan yahaan janame the, isalie lumbini gram ko kar se mukt kar diya gaya aur
5. (paidavar ka) athavaan bhag bhi (jo raj ka hak tha) usi gram ko de diya gaya hai.

300px|brahmi lipi ashok ka giranar ka pratham shilalekh

lipyantar

1. iyan dhanmalipi devananpriyen
2. priyadasina raja lekhapita [.] idh n kian
3. chi jivan arabhitpa prajoohitavyan [.]
4. n ch samajo katavyo [.] bahukan hi dosan
5. samajamhi pasati devananpriyo priyadasi raja [.]
6. asti pi tu ekacha samaja sadhumata devanan
7. priyas priyadasino rano [.] pura mahanasamhi
8. devananpriyas priyadasino rano anudivasan b
9. hooni pranasatasahastrani arabhisu soopathay [.]
10. se aj yada ayan dhanmalipi likhita ti ev pra
11. na arabhare soopathay dvo mora eko mago so pi
12. mago n dhruvo [.] ete pi tri prana pachha n arabhisare [॥]

arth

1. yah dharmalipi devataoan ke priy
2. priyadarshi raja ne likhaee. yahaan (mere samrajy mean)
3. koee jiv marakar havan n kiya jae.
4. aur n samaj (amod-pramod vala utsav) kiya jae. kyoanki bahut dosh
5. samaj mean devataoan ka priy priyadarshi raja dekhata hai.
6. (parantu) ek prakar ke (aise) samaj bhi haian jo devataoan ke
7. priy priyadarshi raja ke mat mean sadhu haian. pahale pakashala mean-
8. devataoan ke priy priyadarshi raja ki – pratidin kee
9. lakh prani soop ke lie mare jate the.
10. kiantu aj jab yah dharmalipi likhaee gee, tin hi prani
11. mare jate- do mayoor tatha ek mrig. aur vah bhi
12. mrig nishchit nahian. ye tin prani bhi bad mean nahian mare jaeange.

300px|brahmi lipi ashok ka giranar ka dvitiy shilalekh

lipyantar

1. sarvat vijitamhi devananpriyas piyadasino rano
2. evamapi prachanteshu yatha choda pada satiyaputo ketalaputo a tanb-
3. panni aantiyako yonaraja ye va pi tas aantiyakas samipan
4. rajano sarvatr devananpriyas priyadasino rano dve chikichh kata
5. manusachikichha ch pasuchikichha ch [.] osudhani ch yani manusopagani ch
6. pasopagani ch yat yat nasti sarvat harapitani ch ropapitani ch [.]
7. moolani ch phalani ch yat tatr nasti sarvat harapitani ch ropapitani ch [.]
8. panthesoo koopa ch khanapita vrachha ch ropapita paribhogay pasumanusanan [॥]

arthath

1. devataoan ke priy priyadarshi raja ne apane rajy mean sab jagah aur
2. simavarti rajy- cho d, paandy, satiyaputr, keralaputr tatha tamraparni (shrilanka)- tak
3. aur aantiyok yavanaraj tatha us aantiyok ke jo p dosi raja haian,
4. un sabake rajyoan mean devataoan ke priy priyadarshi raja ne do prakar ki chikitsa ka prabandh kiya hai-
5. manushyoan ki chikitsa ke lie aur pashuoan ki chikitsa ke lie.
6. manushyoan aur pashuoan ke lie jahaan-jahaan aushadhiyaan nahian thian vahaan-vahaan laee aur ropi gee haian.
7. isi prakar, jahaan-jahaan mool v phal nahian the vahaan-vahaan lae aur rope ge haian.
8. margoan par manushyoan tatha pashuoan ke aram ke lie kuean khudavae ge haian aur vriksh lagae ge haian.

300px|brahmi lipi ashok ka barabar gufalekh (dvitiy)

lipyantar :

1. lajina piyadasina duva
2. dasavasabhisitena iyan
3. kubha khalatik pavatasi
4. dina (ajivi) kehi

(ashok ke barabar gufa ke pratham aur is dvitiy lekh mean, lagata hai, kisi ne bad mean 'ajivikehi' shabd mitane ki koshish ki hai. ashok-pautr dasharath ke nagarjun paha di ke pratham lekh mean bhi aisa hi hua hai.)
arth:
dvadash varsh se abhishikt raja priyadarshi ne khalatik parvat par (sthit) yah gufa ajivikoan ko pradan ki.

sanbandhit lekh

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