भारतीय संस्कृति का अर्थ

manushy ki amooly nidhi usaki sanskriti hai. sanskriti ek aisa paryavaran hai, jisamean rahakar vyakti ek samajik prani banata hai, aur prakritik paryavaran ko apane anukool banane ki kshamata arjit karata hai. 'hobel' ka mat hai, ‘vah sanskriti hi hai, jo ek vyakti ko doosare vyaktiyoan se, ek samooh ko doosare samoohoan se aur ek samaj ko doosare samajoan se alag karati hai.’

sanskriti ka arth

• samany arth mean, sanskriti sikhe hue vyavaharoan ki sampoornata hai. lekin sanskriti ki avadharana itani vistrit hai ki use ek vaky mean paribhashit karana sambhav nahian hai. vastav mean manav dvara aprabhavit prakritik shaktiyoan ko chho dakar jitani bhi manaviy paristhitiyaan hamean charoan or se prabhavit karati haian, un sabhi ki sampoornata ko ham sanskriti kahate haian, aur is prakar sanskriti ke is ghere ka nam hi ‘saanskritik paryavaran’ hai.
• doosare shabdoan mean, ‘sanskriti ek vyavastha hai, jisamean ham jivan ke pratimanoan, vyavahar ke tarikoan, anekanek bhautik evan abhautik pratikoan, paramparaoan, vicharoan, samajik moolyoan, manaviy kriyaoan aur avishkaroan ko shamil karate haian.’
• sarvapratham vayu puran mean ‘dharm’, ‘arth’, ‘kam’, tatha ‘moksh’ vishayak manaviy ghatanaoan ko ‘sanskriti’ ke antargat samahit kiya gaya. isaka tatpary yah hua ki manav jivan ke din-pratidin ke achar-vichar, jivan shaili tatha kary-vyavahar hi sanskriti kahalati hai.
• manav samaj ke dharmik, darshanik, kalatmak, nitigat vishayak kary-kalapoan, paramparagat prathaoan, khan-pan, sanskar ityadi ke samanvay ko sanskriti kaha jata hai. anek vidvanoan ne sanskar ke parivartit roop ko hi sanskriti svikar kiya hai.

sanskriti ki vyapakata

nrivijnan mean 'sanskriti' shabd ka prayog atyant vyapak arth mean hota hai. prasiddh manav vijnani 'mailinovski' ke anusar, ‘manav jati ki samast samajik virasat ya manav ki samast sanchit srishti ka hi nam sanskriti hai.’ is arth mean sanskriti mean shamil hai, manav nirmit vah sthool vatavaran, jise manav ne apane udyam, kalpana jnan-vijnan aur kaushal dvara rachakar prakritik jagath ke oopar ek svanirmit kritrim jagath sthapit kiya. nrivijnan is manav dvara nirmit kritrim jagath ko hi sanskriti ki sanjna deta hai. is kritrim jagath ko rachane ki prakriya mean sanskriti ke antargat vichar, bhavana, mooly, vishvas, manyata, chetana, bhasha, jnan, karm, dharm ityadi jaise sabhi amoort tattv svayamev shamil haian, jabaki doosari or sanskriti mean vijnan aur praudyagiki evan shram aur udyam se srijit bhojan, vastr, avas aur bhautik jivan ko suvidhajanak banane vale sabhi moort aur amoort svaroop bhi shamil haian. manavavijnan sanskriti ke amoort svaroopoan ko adhyatmik sanskriti kahata hai aur moort roopoan ko bhautik sanskriti ki sanjna deta hai. is prakar in donoan sanskritiyoan ke sanyukt vikas se parishkar pakar manushy susanskrit banata hai.

sanskriti ka shabdik arth

‘sanskriti’ shabd sanskrit ke ‘kri’ dhatu se ‘ktin’ pratyay aur ‘sam’ upasarg ko jo dakar bana hai. sam+kri+kti = sanskriti. vastav mean sanskriti shabd ka arth atyant hi vyapak hai, kuchh vidvanh sanskriti ko sanskar ka roopantarit shabd manate haian. vibhinn vidvanoan ne sanskriti ki paribhashaean kuchh is prakar di haian-

redafild ke anusar -

‘sanskriti, kala aur vastukala mean spasht hone vale paramparagat jnan ka vah sangathit roop hai, jo parampara ke dvara sanrakshit hokar manav samooh ki visheshata ban jata hai.’

hvait ke anusar -

‘sanskriti ek pratikatmak, nirantar, sanchayi evan pratishil prakriya hai.’

ee.bi.telar ke anusar -

‘un sabhi vastuoan ke samooh ko, jinamean jnan, dharmik vishvas, kala, naitik qanoon, paramparaean tatha ve any sabhi yogyataean sammilit hoti haian, jinhean koee manushy samaj ka sadasy hone ke nate sikhata hai, sanskriti kahate haian.’

kanhaiyalal manikalal muanshi ke shabdoan mean -

‘sanskriti jivan ki un avasthaoan ka nam hai, jo manushy ke andar vyavahar, lagan aur vivek paida karati hai. yah manushyoan ke vyavaharoan ko nishchit karati hai, unake jivan ke adarsh aur siddhantoan ko prakash pradan karati hai.’

pan. javaharalal neharoo ne sanskriti ke sambandh mean apane vichar prakat karate hue kaha hai ki -

‘sanskriti ka arth manushy ka antarik vikas aur usaki naitik unnati hai, paramparik sadavyavahar hai aur ek-doosare ko samajhane ki shakti hai.’

• vastut: sanskriti se ashay manav ki manasik, naitik, bhautik, arthik, samajik, rajanitik evan kalatmak jivan ki samast upalabdhiyoan ki samagrata se hai.

ti.es.iliyat ke anusar -

‘shisht vyavahar, jnanarjan, kalaoan ke asvadan ityadi ke atirikt kisi jati ki athava ve samast rashtriy kriyaean evan kary-kalap, jo use vishishtata pradan karate haian, sanskriti ke aang hai.’

osavald spenalar ke anusar -

‘sabhyata sanskriti ki anivary parinati hai. sabhyata se kisi sanskriti ki bahari charam evan kritrim avastha ka bodh hota hai. sanskriti vistar hai, to sabhyata kathor sthirata.’

birastid ke anusar -

‘sanskriti ek jatil sampoornata hai, jisamean ve sabhi batean sammilit haian, jin par ham vichar karate haian, kary karate haian aur ek samaj ke ek sadasy ke roop mean apane pas rakhate haian.’

branisla mailinovski ke anusar -

‘sanskriti ek samajik virasat hai, jisamean paramparagat kala-kaushal, vastu samagri, yantrik kary-kalap, achar-vichar, pravrittiyaan tatha mooly samaveshit hote haian.’

satyaketu vidyalankar ne likha hai -

‘manushy apani buddhi ka prayog kar karm ke kshetr mean jo srijan karata hai, usako sanskriti kahate haian.’

ramadhari sianh dinakar ke anusar -

‘sanskriti manav jivan mean usi tarah vyapat hai, jis prakar phooloan mean sugandh aur doodh mean makkhan. isaka nirman ek ya do din mean nahian hota, yug-yugantar mean sanskriti nirmit hoti hai.’

harsakovits -

harsakovits ne sanskriti ko manushy ka samast sikha hua vayavahar kaha hai, arthath ve chizean jo manushy ke pas haian, ve chizean jo ve karate haian aur vah sab jo ve sochate haian, sanskriti hai.

• vastut: bharatiy sanskriti vishv ki sarvadhik prachin evan samriddh sanskriti hai. any deshoan ki sanskritiyaan to samay ki dhara ke sath-sath nasht hoti rahi haian, kintu bharatiy sanskriti adi kal se hi apane paramparagat astitv ke sath ajar-amar bani huee hai. isaki udarata tatha samanyavadi gunoan ne any sanskritiyoan ko samahit to kiya hai, kintu apane astitv ke mool ko surakshit rakha hai. tabhi to pashchaty vidvanh apane desh ki sanskriti ko samajhane hetu bharatiy sanskriti ko pahale samajhane ka paramarsh dete haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

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poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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