भारत की जन जातियाँ

bharat ki janajatiyaan hi yahaan ki adivasi tatha moolatah nivas karane vali janasankhya ka pratinidhitv karati haian. inake jivan-yapan ka dhang vartaman mean bhi prachin paddhatiyoan se hi sanchalit hota a raha hai. ab bhale hi kuchh janatiyoan ne sthayi dhang se krishi, pashupalan adi karyoan mean ruchi lena prarambh kar diya hai kintu inaki adhikaansh janasankhya shikar karane, machhali pak dane, lak di katane adi karyoan dvara hi jivan-nirvah karati hai. bharat mean janajatiy samuday ke logoan ki kafi b di sankhya hai aur desh mean 50 se bhi adhik pramukh janajatiy samuday hai. 'saralatam roop mean janajati aisi toliyoan ka ek samooh hai, jisaka ek sannidhy vale bhookhand athava bhookhandoan par adhikar ho aur jinamean ekata ki bhavana, sanskriti mean gahan samanata, nirantar sampark tatha katipay samudayikata hitoan mean samanata se utpann huee ho.' ek janajati saman sanskriti vali janasankhya ka svatantr rajanitik vibhajan hai.'

vibhinn namoan se sambodhit

bharatiy janajatiyoan ko vidvanoan dvara alag-alag namoan se sambodhit kiya gaya hai, jaise adivasi, paha di janajatiyaan, jangali adivasi, prachin janajati, jangal nivasi, pichh da hindoo, vilin manavata adi. bharatiy sanvidhan mean inhe 'anusoochit janajati' kaha gaya hai jabaki vartaman mean inako adivasi, vanyajati, aranyavasi, girijan adi anek namoan se jana jata hai. bharatiy janajatiyoan ka mool srot kabhi desh ke sampoorn bhoo-bhag par phaili proto astreliyad tatha mangol jaisi prajatiyoan ko mana jata hai. inaka ek any srot nigritoan prajati bhi hai jisake nivasi andaman nikobar dvip samooh mean abhi bhi vidyaman haian. desh ki janajatiy janasankhya ke vitaran par yadi dhyan diya jay to tin mukhy kshetr spasht hote haian, jo nimnalikhit haian.

1. uttari evan uttari-poorvi pradesh - isamean himalay ke taraee kshetr, uttari-poorvi kshetr sammilit kiye jate haian. desh ki lagabhag 80 pratishat janajatiy janasankhya isi kshetr mean nivas karati hai. madhy pradesh, dakshin rajasthan, andhr pradesh, dakshini uttar pradesh, gujarat, bihar, u disa adi rajy isi kshetr mean ate haian.
2. madhyavarti kshetr - isake antargat prayadvipiy bharat ke pathari tatha paha di kshetr sammilit kiye jate hai. desh ki lagabhag 80 pratishat janajatiy janasankhya isi kshetr mean nivas karati hai. madhy pradesh, dakshin rajasthan, andhr pradesh, dakshini uttar pradesh, gujarat, bihar, u disa adi rajy isi kshetr mean ate haian.
3. dakshini kshetr - isake antargat andhr pradesh, karnatak, keral tatha tamilanadu ka janajatiy kshetr shamil haian. yah bharatiy janajatiyoan ke sabase prachin svaroop ka pratinidhitv karata hai.

in tin pramukh kshetroan ke atirikt andaman nikobar dvip samooh mean bhi ekaanki roop se kuchh vishisht janajatiyaan jaise oang, oang, jaraba, uttar sentinali, andamani, nikobari adi bhi payi jati hai.

desh mean rahane vale janajatiy samuday ke log nigrito, aaustrel aauyad aur mangol aauyad prajatiyoan se sambaddh hai. desh ki pramukh janajatiyaan nimnalikhit haian-

pramukh janajatiyaan

rajy	janajatiyaan
aandhr pradesh	chenchoo, kocha, gu dava, jatapa, koanda doras, koanda kapoor, koanda reddi, khoand, sugelis, lambadis, yeladis, yerukulas, bhil, goand, kolam, pradhan, balmik.
asam v nagalaiand	bodo, dimasa garo, khasi, kuki, mijo, mikir, naga, abor, daphala, mishamis, apatanis, siandho, aangami.
jharakhand	santhal, asur, baiga, banjara, birahor, goand, ho, khariya, khoand, muanda, korava, bhoomij, mal paha diya, soriya paha diya, bijhiya, cheroo lohara, uraanv, kharavar, kol, bhil.
maharashtr	bhil, goand, agariya, asura, bhariya, koya, varli, koli, duka baiga, gadavas, kamar, khadiya, khoanda, kol, kolam, korkoo, koraba, muanda, uraanv, pradhan, baghari.
pashchim bangal	hos, kora, muanda, uraanv, bhoomij, santhal, gero, lepcha, asur, baiga, banjara, bhil, goand, birahor, khoand, koraba, lohara.
himachal pradesh	gaddi, gurjar, lahaul, laanba, pangavala, kinnauri, bakarayal.
manipur	kuki, aangami, mijo, purum, sima.
meghalay	khasi, jayantiya, garo.
tripura	lushaee, mag, halam, khashiya, bhootiya, muanda, santhal, bhil, jamaniya, riyaang, uchaee.
kashmir	gurjar.
gujarat	katho di, siddis, kolagha, kotavaliya, padhar, to diya, badali, pateliya.
uttar pradesh	buksa, tharoo, mahagir, shorka, kharavar, tharoo, raji, j aaunasari.
uttaraanchal	bhotiya, jaunasari, raji.
keral	kadar, irula, muthuvan, kanikkar, malanakuravan, malararayan, malavetan, malayan, mannan, ullatan, yoorali, vishavan, arnadan, kahurnakan, koraga, kota, kuriyiyan, kuruman, paniyaan, pulayan mallar, kurumba.
chhattisagadh	korakoo, bhil, baiga, goand, agariya, bhariya, koraba, kol, uraanv, pradhan, nageshiya, halva, bhatara, madiya, sahariya, kamar, kanvar.
tamilanadu	toda, kadar, ikala, kota, adayan, aranadan, kuttanayak, korag, kurichiyan, maser, kurumba, kuruman, muthuvan, paniyaan, thulaya, malayali, iravallan, kanikkar, mannan, urasil, vishavan, eerula.
karnatak	gaudaloo, hakki, pikki, iruga, jenu, kuruv, malaeekud, bhil, goand, toda, varli, chenchoo, koya, anardan, yerava, holeya, korama.
u disa	baiga, banjara, b dahor, cheanchoo, g daba, goand, hos, jatayu, juaang, khariya, kol, khoand, koya, uraanv, santhal, sara, munduppatoo.
panjab	gaddi, svaganla, bhot.
rajasthan	mina, bhil, garasiya, sahariya, saansi, damor, mev, ravat, merat, koli.
aandaman-nikobar dvip samooh	auangi araba, uttari sentinali, aandamani, nikobari, shopan.
arunachal pradesh	abor, akka, apatamis, barmas, daphala, galoang, gomba, kampati, khobha, mishmi, siganpo, siradukapen.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh