भारत पर महमूद ग़ज़नवी के आक्रमण

bharat par mahamood gazanavi ke akraman (1001-1026 ee.)

mahamood gazanavi (971-1030 ee.) madhy afaganistan mean kendrit gazanavi vansh ka mahatvapoorn shasak tha, jo poorvi eeran mean samrajy vistar ke lie jana jata hai. vah turk mool ka tha aur apane samakalin saljooq turkoan ki tarah poorv mean ek sunni islami samrajy banane mean saphal hua. usake dvara jite ge pradeshoan mean aj ka poorvi eeran, afaganistan aur sanlagn madhy eshiya, pakistan aur uttar-pashchim bharat shamil the. usake yuddhoan mean fatimi sultanoan (shiya), kabul shahiya rajaoan (hindoo) aur kashmir ka nam pramukhata se ata hai. bharat mean islami shasan lane aur akraman ke dauran lootapat machane ke karan bharatiy hindoo samaj mean usako ek lutere akraanta ke roop mean jana jata hai. somanath ke mandir ko lootana is k di ki ek mahatvapoorn ghatana thi.

bharat par akraman

999 ee. mean jab mahamood gazanavi sianhasan par baitha, to usane pratyek varsh bharat par akraman karane ki pratijna ki. usane bharat par kitani bar akraman kiya yah spasht nahian hai, kintu sar henari iliyat ne mahamood gazanavi ke 17 akramanoan ka varnan kiya, jinaka ullekh nimn prakar se hai-

pratham akraman (1001 ee.)- mahamood gazanavi ne apana pahala akraman 1001 ee. mean bharat ke samipavarti nagaroan par kiya. par yahaan use koee vishesh saphalata nahian mili.

doosara akraman (1001-1002 ee. - apane doosare abhiyan ke antargat mahamood gazanavi ne simaant pradeshoan ke shasak jayapal ke viruddh yuddh kiya. usaki rajadhani baihind par adhikar kar liya. jayapal is parajay ke apaman ko sahan nahian kar saka aur usane ag mean jalakar atmadah kar liya.

tisara akraman (1004 ee.)- mahamood gazanavi ne uchchh ke shasak vajira ko dandit karane ke lie akraman kiya. mahamood ke bhay ke karan vajira sindhu nadi ke kinare jangal mean sharan lene ko bhaga aur ant mean usane atmahatya kar li.

chautha akraman (1005 ee.)- 1005 ee. mean mahamood gazanavi ne multan ke shasak daood ke viruddh march kiya. is akraman ke dauran usane bhatinda ke shasak anandapal ko parajit kiya aur bad mean daood ko parajit kar use adhinata svikar karane ke lie badhy kar diya.

paanchava akraman (1007 ee.)- panjab mean ohind par mahamood gazanavi ne jayapal ke pautr sukhapal ko niyukt kiya tha. sukhapal ne islam dharm grahan kar liya tha aur use naushashah kaha jane laga tha. 1007 ee. mean sukhapal ne apani svatantrata ki ghoshana kar di thi. mahamood gazanavi ne ohind par akraman kiya aur naushashah ko bandi bana liya gaya.

chhatha akraman (1008 ee.)- mahamood ne 1008 ee. apane is abhiyan ke antargat pahale anandapal ko parajit kiya. bad mean usane isi varsh kaang di paha di mean sthit nagarakot par akraman kiya. is akraman mean mahamood ko apar dhan ki prapti huee.

satavaan akraman (1009 ee.)- is akraman ke antargat mahamood gazanavi ne alavar rajy ke narayanapur par vijay prapt ki.

athavaan akraman (1010 ee.)- mahamood ka athavaan akraman multan par tha. vahaan ke shasak daood ko parajit kar usane multan ke shasan ko sada ke lie apane adhin kar liya.

nauva akraman (1013 ee.)- apane nave abhiyan ke antargat mahamood gazanavi ne thaneshvar par akraman kiya.

dasavaan akraman (1013 ee.)- mahamood gazanavi ne apana dasavaan akraman nandashah par kiya. hindooshahi shasak anandapal ne nandashah ko apani nayi rajadhani banaya. vahaan ka shasak trilochanapal tha. trilochanapal ne vahaan se bhag kar kashmir mean sharan liya. turko ne nandashah mean lootapat ki.

gyarahavaan akraman (1015 ee.)- mahamood ka yah akraman trilochanapal ke putr bhimapal ke viruddh tha, jo kashmir par shasan kar raha tha. yuddh mean bhimapal parajit hua.

barahavaan akraman (1018 ee.)- apane barahavean abhiyan mean mahamood gazanavi ne kannauj par akraman kiya. usane bulandashahar ke shasak haradatt ko parajit kiya. usane mahavan ke shasak bulachand par bhi akraman kiya. 1019 ee. mean usane punah kannauj par akraman kiya. vahaan ke shasak rajyapal ne bina yuddh kie hi atmasamarpan kar diya. rajyapal dvara is atmasamarpan se kalianjar ka chandel shasak krodhit ho gaya. usane gvaliyar ke shasak ke sath sandhi kar kannauj par akraman kar diya aur rajyapal ko mar dala.

terahavaan akraman (1020 ee.)- mahamood ka terahavaan akraman 1020 ee. mean hua tha. is abhiyan mean usane bari, buandelakhand, kirat tatha lohakot adi ko jit liya.

chaudahavaan akraman (1021 ee.)- apane chaudahavean akraman ke dauran mahamood ne gvaliyar tatha kalianjar par akraman kiya. kalianjar ke shasak gonda ne vivash hokar sandhi kar li.

pandrahavaan akraman (1024 ee.)- is abhiyan mean mahamood gazanavi ne lodorg (jaisalamer), chikalodar (gujarat), tatha anhilava d (gujarat) par vijay sthapit ki.

solahavaan akraman (1025 ee.)- is 16vean abhiyan mean mahamood gazanavi ne somanath ko apana nishana banaya. usake sabhi abhiyanoan mean yah abhiyan sarvadhik mahattvapoorn tha. somanath par vijay prapt karane ke bad usane vahaan ke prasiddh mandiroan ko to d diya tatha apar dhan prapt kiya. yah mandir gujarat mean samudr tat par apani apar sanpatti ke lie prasiddh tha. is mandir ko lootate samay mahamood ne lagabhag 50,000 brahmanoan evan hinduoan ka katl kar diya. panjab ke bahar kiya gaya mahamood ka yah aantim akraman tha.

satrahavaan akraman (1027 ee.)- yah mahamood gazanavi ka antim akraman tha. yah akraman siandh aur multan ke tatavarti kshetroan ke jatoan ke viruddh tha. isamean jat parajit hue.

mahamood ke bharatiy akraman ka vastavik uddeshy dhan ki prapti tha. vah ek moortibhanjak akramanakari tha. mahamood ki sena mean sevandaray evan tilak jaise hindoo uchch padoan par asin vyakti the. mahamood ke bharat akraman ke samay usake sath prasiddh itihasavidh, ganitajn, bhoogolavetta, khagol evan darshan shastr ke jnata tatha ‘kitabul hind’ ka lekhak alabarooni bharat aya. alabarooni mahamood ka darabari kavi tha. ‘tahakik-e-hind’ pustak mean usane bharat ka vivaran likha hai. isake atirikt itihasakar ‘utabi’, 'tarikh-e-subuktagin' ka lekhak ‘behaki’ bhi usake sath aye. behaki ko itihasakar lenapool ne ‘poorvi peps’ ki upadhi pradan ki hai. ‘shahanama’ ka lekhak 'firadausi’, faras ka kavi jari khurasani viddhan tusi, mahanh shikshak aur vidvanh unsuri, vidvanh asjadi aur farookhi adi darabari kavi the.

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

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