भूक्षरण
bhooksharan prakritik karanoan se prithvi-prishth ke kuchh aanshoan ke sthanaantaran ko kahate haian. isaka mukhy karan tap ka parivartan, vayu, jal tatha him adi haian. samudratat par laharoan aur jvar-bhata ki kriya ke karan prithvi ke bhag tootakar samudr mean vilin hote jate haian. mitti tatha komal chattanoan ka bhi in kriyaoan se dhire-dhire apakshay hota rahata hai. varsha aur tushar bhi is kriya mean sahayak hote haian.
mitti ka katav
varsha ke jal mean ghuli huee gaisoan ki rasayanik kriya ke phalasvaroop k di chattanoan ka apakshay hota hai. aisa jal bhoomi mean ghusakar adhik viley padarthoan ke kuchh aansh ko bhi ghula leta hai aur is prakar alag hue padarthoan ko baha le jata hai. varsha, pighali huee thos barf aur tushar nirantar bhoomi ka ksharan karate haian. is prakar toote hue aansh naloan ya chhoti nadiyoan se b di nadiyoan mean aur inase samudr mean pahuanchate rahate haian. nadiyoan ka athava any bahata hua jal kinaroan tatha jal ki bhoomi ko katakar, mitti ko ooanche sthanoan se niche ki or baha le jata hai. aisi mitti bahut b de parinam mean samudr tak pahuanch jati hai aur samudr patane ka kam karati hai. samudr mean girane vale jal mean mitti ke sivay vibhinn prakar ke ghule hue lavan bhi hote haian.
chattanoan ka tootana
din mean dhoop se tapt chattanoan mean p di dararean phail jati haian tatha unamean a de patthar niche sarak jate haian. rat mean thand p dane ya varsha hone par chattanean siku dati hai aur dararoan mean p de pattharoan ke karan dararean aur b di ho jati hai. shitapradhan deshoan mean inhian dararoan tatha bhoomi ke aandar rikt sthanoan mean jal bhar jata hai. adhik shit p dane par jal him mean parivartit ho jata hai aur tab un sthanoan ya dararoan ko pha dakar to d deta hai. in kriyaoan ke bar-bar doharae jane se chattanoan ke tuk de-tuk de ho jate hai. in tuk doan ko jal aur vayu any sthan par le jate haian. jin pradeshoan mean din aur rat ke tap mean adhik parivartan hota hai, vahaan ki mitti nirantar prasar aur akuanchan ke karan dhili ho jati hai evan vayu athava jal dvara any sthanoan par pahuanch jati hai.
jal, vayu v him dvara ksharan
shushk praantoan mean, jahaan bhoomi vanaspati se dhanki nahian hoti, vayu apar balu ko ek sthan se doosare sthan ko le jati hai. is prakar sahara marubhoomi ki ret, ek or sagar par sisili dvip tak aur doosari or naijiriya ke samudr tat tak pahuanch jati hai. vayu dvara u daya hua baloo dhoohoan athava ooanchi chattanoan ke komal bhagoan ko katakar unaki akriti mean parivartan kar deta hai. jal mean baha hua padarth sada ooanche sthan se niche ko hi jata hai, kiantu vayu dvara u daee huee mitti niche sthan se ooanche sthanoan ko bhi ja sakati hai. gatishil him jin chattanoan par se hokar jata hai unaka ksharan karata hai aur is prakar mukt hue padarth ko apane sath lie jata hai. vayu tatha nadiyoan ke kary ki tulana mean dhruv pradesh ko chho dakar prithvi ke any bhagoan mean him ki kriya alp hoti hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
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