भूषण
bhooshan
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| any nam | patiram, maniram (kivadanti) |
| janm | 1613 (lagabhag) |
| janm bhoomi | tikavaanpur, kanapur |
| mrityu | 1715 (lagabhag) |
| abhibhavak | ratnakar tripathi |
| karm bhoomi | kanapur |
| karm-kshetr | kavita |
| mukhy rachanaean | shivarajabhooshan, shivabavani, chhatrasaladashak |
| vishay | vir ras kavita |
| bhasha | braj, arabi, pharasi, turki |
| puraskar-upadhi | bhooshan |
| prasiddhi | vir-kavy tatha vir ras |
| vishesh yogadan | ritigranth |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
bhooshan vir ras ke kavi the. inaka janm kanapur mean yamuna kinare 'tikavaanpur' mean hua tha. mishrabandhuoan tatha ramachandr shukl ne bhooshan ka samay 1613-1715 ee. mana hai. shivasianh sangar ne bhooshan ka janm 1681 ee. aur griyarsan ne 1603 ee. likha hai. bhooshan 1627 ee. se 1680 ee. tak maharaja shivaji ke ashray mean rahe. inake chhtrasal buandela ke ashray mean rahane ka bhi ullekh milata hai. 'shivaraj bhooshan', 'shivabavani', aur 'chhtrasal dashak' namak tin granth hi inake likhe chhah grathoan mean se upalabdh haian.
jivan parichay
bhooshan hindi riti kal ke antargat, usaki parampara ka anusaran karate hue vir-kavy tatha vir-ras ki rachana karane vale prasiddh kavi haian. inhoanne shivaraj-bhooshan mean apana parachiy dete hue likha hai ki ye kanyakubj brahman the. inaka gotr kashyap tha. ye 'ratnakar tripathi' ke putr the tatha yamuna ke kinare trivikramapur (tikavaanpur) mean rahate the, jahaan birabal ka janm hua tha aur jahaan vishveshvar ke tuly dev-biharishvar mahadev haian. chitrakootapati hridayaram ke putr rudr sulanki ne inhean 'bhooshan' ki upadhi se vibhooshit kiya tha.[1] tikavaanpur kanapur zile ki ghatamapur tahasil mean yamuna ke baean kinare par avasthit hai. shivasianh sangar ne bhooshan ka janm 1681 ee. aur griyarsan ne 1603 ee. likha hai. kuchh vidvanoan ke matanusar bhooshan shivaji ke pautr sahoo ke darabari kavi the. kahane ki avashyakata nahian hai ki un vidvanoan ka yah mat bhrantipoorn hai. vastut: bhooshan shivaji ke hi samakalin evan ashrit the.
parivar
bhooshan ke pita kanyakubj brahman ratnakar tripathi the. bhooshan viraras ke ye prasiddh kavi chiantamani aur matiram ke bhaee the. kaha jata hai ki ve char bhaee the- chintamani, bhooshan, matiram aur nilakanth (upanam jatashankar). bhooshan ke bhratritv ke sambandh mean vidvanoan mean bahut matabhed hai. kuchh vidvanoan ne inake vastavik nam patiram athava maniram hone ki kalpana ki hai par yah kora anuman hi pratit hota hai.
ashrayadata
bhooshan ke pramukh ashrayadata maharaj shivaji[2] tatha chhatrasal bundela[3] the. inake nam se kuchh aise phutakar chhand milate haian, jinamean sahooji, bajirav, solanki, maharaj jayasianh, maharaj ranasianh, aniruddh, rav buddh, kumaooan naresh, gadhavar-naresh, aurangajeb, darashah (dara shikoh) adi ki prashansa ki gayi hai. ye sabhi chhand bhooshan-rachit haian. isaka koee pusht praman nahian hai. aisi paristhiti mean ukt-sabhi rajaoan k bhooshan ka ashrayadata nahian mana ja sakata.
bhooshan upadhi
chitrakoot ke solanki raja rudr ne inhean kavibhooshan ki upadhi di thi. tabhi se ye bhooshan ke nam se hi prasiddh ho ge. inaka asali nam kya tha, isaka pata nahian. ye kee rajaoan ke yahaan rahe. aant mean inake man ke anukool ashrayadata, jo inake virakavy ke nayak hue, chhatrapati maharaj shivaji mile. panna ke maharaj chhatrasal ke yahaan bhi inaka b da man hua. kahate haian ki maharaj chhatrasal ne inaki palaki mean apana kandha lagaya tha jis par inhoanne kaha tha - siva ko bakhanauan ki bakhanauan chhatrasal ko. aisa prasiddh hai ki inhean ek ek chhand par shivaji se lakhoan rupaye mile.
vir ras
shivaji aur chhatrasal ki virata ke varnanoan ko khushamad nahian kaha j sakata. ve ashrayadataoan ki prashansa ki pratha ke anusaran matr nahian haian. in do viroan ka jis utsah ke sath sari hiandoo janata smaran karati hai usi ki vyanjana bhooshan ne ki hai. ve hiandoo jati ke pratinidhi kavi haian. shivaji ke darabar mean pahuanchane ke pahale ve aur rajaoan ke pas bhi rahe. unake pratap adi ki prashansa bhi unhean avashy hi karani p di hogi. par vah jhoothi thi. bad mean bhooshan ko apani un rachanaoan se virakti hi huee hogi. bhooshan viraras ke hi kavi the. idhar inake do-char kavitt, shrriangar ke bhi mile haian, par ve ginati ke yogy nahian haian.
granth
bhooshanarachit chh: granth batalaye jate haian. inamean se ye tin granth-
- 'bhooshanahazara'
- 'bhooshanullas'
- 'dooshanullas' yah granth abhi tak dekhane mean nahian aye haian. bhooshan ke shesh granthoan ka parichay is prakar hai:
shivaraj bhooshan
bhooshan ne apani is kriti ki rachana-tithi jyeshth vadi trayodashi, ravivar, sanmvath 1730, 29 aprail, 1673 ee. ravivar ko di hai.[4] shivaraj- bhooshan mean ullekhit shivaji vishayak aitihasik ghatanaean 1673 ee. tak ghatit ho chuki thian. isase bhi is granth ka ukt rachanakal thik thaharata hai. sath hi shivaji aur bhooshan ki samasamayikata bhi siddh ho jati hai. 'shivaraj-bhooshan' mean 384 chhand haian. dohoan mean alankaroan ki paribhasha di gayi hai tatha kavitt evan savaiya chhandoan mean udaharan diye gaye haian, jinamean shivaji ke kary-kalapoan ka varnan kiya gaya hai. ritikal ke kavi hone ke karan bhooshan ne apana pradhan granth 'shivarajabhooshan' alankar ke granth ke roop mean banaya. par ritigranth ki drishti se, alankar niroopan ke vichar se yah uttam granth nahian kaha ja sakata. lakshanoan ki bhasha bhi spasht nahian hai aur udaharan bhi kee sthaloan par thik nahian haian.
shiva bavani
shivabavani mean 52 chhandoan mean shivaji ki kirti ka varnan kiya gaya hai.
chhatrasal dashak
chhatrasaladashak mean das chhandoan mean chhatrasal bundela ka yashogan kiya gaya hai. bhooshan ke nam se prapt phutakar padyo mean vividh vyaktiyoan ke sambandh mean kahe gaye tatha kuchh shrriangaraparak pady sangrahit haian.
kavyagat saundary
bhooshan ki sari rachanaean muktak-paddhati mean likhi gayi haian. inhoanne apane charitr-nayakoan ke vishisht charitry-gunoan aur kary-kalapoan ko hi apane kavy ka vishay banaya hai. inaki kavita viraras, danavir aur dharmavir ke varnan prachur matra mean milate haian, par pradhanata yuddhavir ki hi hai. inhoanne yuddhavir ke prasang mean chaturang chamoo, viroan ki garvoktiyaan, yoddhaoan ke paurush-poorn kary tatha shastrastr adi ka sajiv chitran kiya hai. isake atirikt raudr, bhayanak, vibhats adi pray: samast rasoan ke varnan inaki rachana mean milate haian par usamean rasarajakata viraras ki hi hai. vir-ras ke sath raudr tatha bhayanak ras ka sanyog inake kavy mean bahut achchha ban p da hai.
ritikar ke roop mean bhooshan ko adhik saphalata nahian mili hai par shuddh kavitv ki drishti se inaka pramukh sthan hai. inhoanne prakriti-varnan uddipan evan alankar-paddhati par kiya hai. 'shivarajabhooshan' mean rayagadh ke prasang mean rajasi thath-bat, vrikshoan lataoan tatha pakshiyoan ke nam ginane vali paripati ka anukaran kiya gaya hai.
shaili
samanyat: bhooshan ki shaili vivechanatmak evan sanshlisht hai. inhoanne vivaranatmak-pranali ki bahut kam prayog kiya hai. inhoanne yuddh ke bahari sadhanoan ka hi varnan ke atirikt santosh nahian kar liya hai, varanh manav-hriday mean umang bharane vali bhavanaoan ki or unaka sadaiv lakshy raha hai. shabdoan aur bhavoan ka samanjasy bhooshan ki rachana ka vishesh gun hai.
bhasha
bhooshan ne apane samay mean prachalit sahity ki samany kavy-bhasha braj ka prayog kiya hai. inhoanne videshi shabdoan ko adhik upayog musalamanoan ke hi prasang mean kiya hai. darabar ke prasang mean bhasha ka kh da roop bhi dikhaee p data hai. inhoanne arabi, pharasi aur turki ke shabd adhik prayukt kiye haian. bundelakhandi, baisava di evan antarvedi shabdoan ka bhi kahian-kahian prayog kiya gaya hai. is prakar bhooshan ki bhasha ka roop sahityik drishti se bura bhi nahian kaha ja sakata. inaki kavita mean oj paryapt matra mean hai. prasad ka bhi abhav nahian hai. 'shivarajabhooshan' ke arambh ke varnan aur shrriangar ke chhandoan mean madhury ki pradhanata hai. bhooshan ki bhasha mean oj ki matra to poori hai par vah adhikatar avyavasthit hai. vyakaran ka ullanghan hai aur vakyarachana bhi kahian kahian g dab d hai. isake atirikt shabdoan ke roop bhi bahut biga de ge haian aur kahian kahian bilkul gadhant ke shabd rakhe ge haian. par jo kavitt in donoan se mukt haian ve b de hi sashakt aur prabhavashali haian.
nidhan
inaka paralok vas sanvat 1772 mean mana jata hai.
kavy mean sthan
acharyatv ki drishti se bhooshan ko vishisht sthan nahian pradan kiya ja sakata par kavitv ke vichar se unaka ek mahattvapoorn sthan hai. unaki kavita kavi- kirtisambandhi ek avichal saty ka drishtant hai. ve tatkalin svatanyasangram ke pratinidhi kavi haian. bhooshan virakavy-dhara ke jagamagate ratn haian. kuchh kavyagat udaharan is prakar haian -
iandr jimi janbh par, ba dav su aanbh par,
ravan sadanbh par raghukul raj haian.
paun varivah par, sanbhu ratinah par,
jyoan sahasrabahu par ram dvijaraj haian
dava drumadand par, chita mrigajhuand par,
bhooshan vituand par jaise mrigaraj haian.
tej tam aans par, kanh jimi kans par,
tyoan malechchh bans par ser sivaraj haiandadhi ke rakhaiyan ki dadhi-si rahati chhati,
badhi marajad jas hadd hianduvane ki.
kadhi gee raiyat ke man ki kasak sab,
miti gee thasak tamam turakane ki.
bhooshan bhanat dillipati dil dhak dhak,
suni suni dhak sivaraj maradane ki.
moti bhee chandi bin choti ke chabay sis,
khoti bhee sanpati chakatta ke gharane kisaban ke oopar hi thadho rahibe ke jog,
tahi kharo kiyo jay jaran ke niyare.
jani gairamisil gusile gusa dhari ur,
kinhoan na salam n bachan bole siyare
bhooshan bhanat mahabir balakan lagyo,
sari patasahi ke u day ge jiyare.
tamak tean lal mukh siva ko nirakhi bhayo,
syah mukh naurang, sipah mukh piyare.dara ki n daur yah, rar nahian khajube ki,
baandhibo nahian hai kaidhauan mir sahaval ko.
math visvanath ko, n bas gram gokul ko,
devi ko n dehara, n mandir gopal ko.
gadhe gadh linhean aru bairi katalam kinhean,
thaur thaur hasil ugahat haian sal ko.
boo dati hai dilli so sanbharai kyoan n dillipati,
dhakka ani lagyau sivaraj mahakal kochakit chakatta chauanki chauanki uthai bar bar,
dilli dahasati chitai chahi karashati hai.
bilakhi badan bilakhat bijaipur pati,
phirat phirangin ki nari pharakati hai
thar thar kaanpat kutub sahi golakuanda,
hahari habas bhoop bhir bharakati hai.
raja sivaraj ke nagaran ki dhak suni,
kete badasahan ki chhati dharakati haijihi phan phootakar u dat pahar bhar,
kooram kathin janu kamal bidaligo.
vishajal jvalamukhi lavalin hot jin,
jharan chikari mad diggaj ugaligo
kinho jihi pan payapan so jahan kul,
kolahoo uchhali jalasiandhu khalabhaligo.
khagg khagaraj maharaj sivaraj joo ko,
akhil bhujang mugaladdal nigaligo
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh