मरसिया
marasiya urdoo sahity mean karun ras se bhari huee shokapoorn kavita ko kaha jata hai. arabi-farasi ki paddhati par urdoo ka vah shok-git jo kisi mrit vyakti ki yad mean likha jay, 'marasiya' kahalata hai. parantu isaka vishisht arth bhi hai. urdoo kavy mean jab keval 'marasiya' shabd ka prayog kiya jay, to pray: usaka tatpary hazarat muhammad sahab ke navase imam husen aur unake sathiyoan ki smriti mean likhe shok git se hota hai, jo karbala ke maidan mean saty ki raksha karate hue shahid hue the. kintu marasiye ka mahattv keval is dharmik karan se hi nahian hai, balki is dhaanche mean urdoo kaviyoan ne bahut-se vishay sammilit karake ise kavy ka bahut mahattvapoorn roop bana diya hai.
prarambhik kal
marasiye urdoo mean prarambhik kal se hi paye jate haian. kuchh logoan ka to yah mat hai ki urdoo mean kavy rachana ka arambh marasiye se hi hua. 'sauda' aur 'mir' ke yug se kee sau varsh poorv ke marasiye bharat aur iangalistan ke bhinn-bhinn pustakalayoan mean surakshit haian. lakhanoo pahuanch kar marasiye ne naya roop dharan kiya aur mir jamir tatha unake samakalin fasih evan khaliq ne is shok git ko mahakavy ke ek aise marg par lagaya, jo mahakavy[1]-ke yoonani roop se milata-julata hai. ise kee bhagoan mean vibhajit karake in kaviyoan ne inamean alag-alag prakritik-chitran, yuddh ka drishy, gho de, talavar aur talavar chalane ki prashansa tatha viroan ka apani virata ka varnan adi batean sammilit karake usaki sundarata aur badha di.[2]
pramukh kavi
bad ke samay mean jin kaviyoan ne marasiye likhe, unake pandity evan prakriti-pradatt kavyagat visheshataoan ne marasiye ko aur uchch shikhar par pahuancha diya. in kaviyoan mean mir anis ka nam sabase adhik prasiddh hai. inake atirikt mirza dabir, mir ishq, mir tashshuk aur monis uchch shreni ke marasiya likhane vale samajhe jate haian. inake bad ki pidhi ke marasiya likhane valoan mean mir anis ke suputr mir naphis aur nati rashid, vahid tatha dabir ke bete auj ke nam vishesh ullekhaniy haian. pyare sahab, rashid marasiyoan mean ek navin vishay 'bahar' ka manohar varnan karake apani advitiy pratibha ka parichay dete haian. ye isake lie vishesh roop se prasiddh haian. adhunik kal mean josh, ale raza, arajoo aur nasim amarohavi, marasiya likhane valoan mean bahut prasiddh haian.
musaddas akriti
lakhanoo skool ke pahale urdoo mean marasiyoan ka koee roop nishchit nahian tha. log 'murabba' (char misare), 'musallam' (tin misare) aur 'gazal' ityadi se hi marasiye kahate the. lakhanoo mean musaddas ki akriti marasiye ke lie nishchit ho gayi aur isake pashchath marasiya musaddas mean hi likha jane laga.
urdoo marasiye
prem aur ashiki ke vishay mean alag hokar urdoo marasiye ne yah dikhaya ki manav-sambandh mean bahut-se aise bhi sambandh haian, jinaka lagav yaun akarshan ke adhar par nahian hai, jaise- bhaee-bahan ka prem, svami-sevak ka prem adi. is sab sambandhoan ko marasiye ne ubhara, nahian to manav-jivan ke kitane hi pahaluoan se urdoo-kavy vanchit rah jata.[2]
sabhyata aur sanskriti ki jhaankiyaan
marasiye mean yadyapi pray: imam husen ke gharane ki un ghatanaoan ka varnan hota hai, jo karvala ke maidan mean ghatit hueean, parantu yadi dhyanapoorvak dekha jay to un marasiyoan mean 19vian shatabdi ke ooanche gharanoan ki sabhyata aur sanskriti ki jhaankiyaan milati haian. chhota bhaee b de bhaee ka jaisa adar karata hai, bhanaje mama ke prati jis prakar ki shraddha rakhate haian, vriddh jis prakar apane chhotoan se pesh ate haian, ek parivar mean sab log ek-doosare ke prati sahanubhooti aur shubhachiantana karate haian, striyaan jis prakar batachit karati haian, in sab ka varnan marasiye mean is prakar kiya gaya hai ki 19vian shatabdi ke navabi gharanoan ke chitr drishti ke samane a jate haian. yatra ki taiyari, vivah aur usake rasm-rivaj ityadi varnanoan ke dvara marasiya samajik jivan ke aise namoone pesh karata hai, jo urdoo kavita mean aur kahian nahian milate.
varnit vishay
prakriti-varnan urdoo mean marasiye mean hi milata hai. bahar aur khijaan (patajh d), prat: aur sandhya, garmi aur dhoop ke saik doan drishy pesh karake urdoo mean drishy-chitran ki vriddhi marasiye dvara hi huee hai aur virata, sahas tatha yuddh ke karyoan ka aise dhang se varnan kiya gaya hai ki urdoo mean mahakavy (rajamiya) ka shri ganesh hua. yah nahian ki yuddh ke maidan ka chitr aur bajoan ka jor-shor dikhakar hi yah kram samapt ho jata hai, balki marasiyoan mean l daee ke drishy vistarapoorvak varnit kiye gaye haian, jinamean l dane- valoan ka maidan mean ana, nara lagana, shatruoan ka samana karana, l dane valoan ka ek-doosaroan par var karana, bhinn-bhinn hathiyaroan ke prayog adi ka varnan marasiye mean milata hai.[2]
urdoo kavy mean yogadan
marasiye ne urdoo kavy ko ek sankuchit duniya se nikalakar vistrit sansar dikhaya. charitr-chitran, kathanopakathan ya sanlap, svabhavik shiksha, naye shabdoan aur muhavaroan ke prayog se use vistrit roop diya gaya hai. yuddh kshetr ka varnan likhakar usane gazal se paida hue vilasita ke vatavaran mean utsah, umang aur paurush ke bhav pravisht kiye hai. sankshep mean yah kaha ja sakata hai ki marasiye ne urdoo shayari ko jis uchchata par pahuanchaya, usako jitane gunoan se sampann kiya, kisi aur kavy ke roop ne nahian kiya.
- REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean
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