महाक्षत्रप

kshatrap shabd ka prayog eeran se shuroo hua tha. kshatrap ek prakar ki upadhi thi, jo rajyoan ke mukhiya ke lie prayukt ki jati thi. 'dara pratham' (deriyas ya darayabahu) ke samay mean rajyapaloan ke lie yah upadhi prayukt hoti thi. yahi bad mean 'mahakshatrap' kahi jane lagi. bharat mean kshatrap shabd aj bhi rajaniti mean prayog kiya jata hai. shakoan ki sanyukt shasan-pranali mean varishth shasak ko "mahakshatrap" ki upadhi milati thi tatha any kanishth shasak "kshatrap" kahe jate the. pashchimi kshatrapoan ke mile sikkoan se pata chalata hai ki mahakshatrap- upadhi sabako nahian milati thi.

kshatrap kul ka pravartan

kshatrapoan ki do shakhaean thian yatha - pashchimi kshatrap kul, jisaka pravartan bhoomak ne maharashtr mean kiya aur ujjayini ka mahakshatrap kul, jise chashtan (chastan athava sashtan) ne prachalit kiya tha. in donoan kuloan ke pravartak shak akrantaoan ke saradar the. pashchimi kshatrap kul ke arambh ki tithi nishchit nahian hai. kadachit usaki rajadhani nasik thi aur keval do shasakoan, bhoomak aur nahapan ke hi nam jnat haian. donoan mean kisi ki bhi tithi nishchit nahian hai. vidvanoan ne bhoomak ka kal eesa ki pratham shatabdi ka prarambhik varsh mana hai aur nahapan ka kal doosari shatabdi ka prarambhik varsh.

nahapan

pashchimi bharat ke shak kshatrapoan mean nahapan sabase pratapi tha. usaka ullekh kee abhilekhoan mean kisi anishchit samvath ki tithiyoan ke sath hua hai. kuchh vidvanoan ne ukt tithiyoan ki shak samvath ki tithiyoan ko svikar kiya hai aur usaka rajyakal 119 ee. se 124 ee. tak thaharaya hai. usane kshatrap ke roop mean shasan arambh kiya aur uparant mahakshatrap bana. nahapan ne pashchimi bharat ke ek vistrit bhoo-bhag par rajy kiya aur prabhoot dan diya. kintu satavahan shasak gautamiputr satakarni ne use parast karake pashchimi kshatrapoan ke vansh ka ant kar diya.

ujjayini ke mahakshatrap

ujjayini ke mahakshatrapoan ne dirghakal tak shasan kiya. is vansh ka pravartak 'yashobhotik' ka putr chastan athava chashtan tha. yashobhotik ke nam se hi spasht hai ki vah shak tha. usaka shasanakal lagabhag 130 ee. mean arambh hua aur usake vanshaj 388 ee. tak rajy karate rahe. is vansh ka sabase mahanh shasak chashtan ka pautr rudradama pratham (130-150 ee.) tha. usane pashchimi bharat ke ek vistrit bhoo-bhag par rajy kiya aur usaki upalabdhiyaan giranar namak parvat par utkirn ek sanskrit abhilekh mean varnit haian. abhilekh ke anusar usane sudarshan tal ke us baandh ka punarnirman karaya, jo sarvapratham chandragupt maury ke shasanakal mean nirmit hua tha. rudradama ke uparant usaka jyeshth putr damaghasad pratham shasak hua aur uparant usaka putr jivanadama tatha damaghasad ka bhaee rudrasianh sianhasanasin hue.

any shasak

rudrasianh ke uparant usake tin putr 'rudrasen pratham', 'sanghadama' aur 'damasen' shasak hue aur damasen ke uparant usake tin putr 'yashodama', 'vijayasen' aur 'damajadashri' kramash: sianhasanasin hue. uparant 'rudrasen dvitiy', 'vishvamitr', 'bhartudama', 'rudradama dvitiy' aur 'rudrasen tritiy' (348-378 ee.) ne shasan kiya. rudrasen tritiy ke uttaradhikari kadachith sianhasen, rudrasen chaturth aur satyasianh the. satyasianh ka putr aur uttaradhikari rudrasianh tritiy is vansh ka antim shasak tha. use gupt samrat chandragupt dvitiy ne parajit aur apadasth kiya. ujjayini ke mahakshatrapoan ka itihas is drishti se rochak hai ki vah darshata hai ki us kal ka ek videshi shasak vansh kitani shighrata se hi bharatiy evan hindoo dharmanuyayi ban gaya tatha usane sanskrit ko apani rajabhasha svikar kar liya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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