महाभाष्य
mahabhashy maharshi patanjali dvara rachit hai. patanjati ne panini ke 'ashtadhyayi' ke kuchh chune hue sootroan par bhashy likha tha, jise 'vyakaran mahabhashy' ka nam diya gaya. 'mahabhashy' vaise to vyakaran ka granth mana jata hai, kintu isamean kahian-kahian rajaoan-maharajaoan evan janatantroan ke ghatanachakr ka vivaran bhi milata haian.
adhyay
maharshi patanjali dvara krit 'mahabhashy' 84 adhyayoan mean vibhakt vyakaran mahabhashy hai. isaka pratham adhyay "paspasha" ke nam se jana jata hai, jisamean shabd svaroop ka niroopan kiya gaya hai. 'ath shabdanushasanam' se shastr ka praranbh karate hue patanjali muni ne shabdoan ke do prakar batae haian-
- laukik
- vaidik
- laukik shabd - in shabdoan mean gau, ashv, purush, shakuni arthath pashu, pakshi evan manushy adi ko liya gaya hai.
- vaidik shabd - is prakar ke shabdoan mean 'agnimile purohitamh' adi vaidik mantroan ko liya gaya hai.
udaharan
'gau' shabd ka varnan karate hue bhashyakar kahate haian ki jab 'gau' bola jata hai to vastav mean usamean shabd kya hota hai? spashtikaran mean ve kahate haian ki 'gau' ke sharirik avayav khur, siang ko shabd nahian kaha jata, ise dravy kahate haian. isaki sharirik kriyaoan ko bhi shabd nahian kahate, ise kriya kahate haian. isake rang (shukl, nil) ko shabd nahian kahate, yah to gun hai. yadi darshanik drishtikon se yah kaha jay ki jo bhinn-bhinn padarthoan mean ekaroop hai aur jo usake nasht hone par bhi nasht nahian hota, sab mean sadharan aur anugat hai, vah shabd hai to aisa nahian hai, ise jati kahate haian.[1]
vastavik roop mean jo uchcharit dhvaniyoan se abhivyakt hokar khur, siang vale gau ka bodh karata hai, vah shabd hai. arthath lok-vyavahar mean jis dhvani se arth ka bodh hota hai, vah 'shabd' kahalata hai. sarthak dhvani shabd hai. isi shabdarth bodhan ko bhartrihari ne 'sphot' kaha hai. shabd vah hai, jo uchcharit dhvaniyoan se abhivyakt hota hai aur abhivyakt hone par us arth ka bodh karata hai.
patanjali ka samay
bahusankhy bharatiy v pashchaty vidvanoan ke anusar patanjali ka samay 150 ee. poo. hai, par yudhishthir mimaansakaji ne zor dekar bataya hai ki patanjali vikram sanvat se do hazar varsh poorv hue the. is sambandh mean abhi tak koee nishchit praman prapt nahian ho saka hai, par aant:sakshy ke adhar par inaka samay niroopan koee kathin kary nahian hai. mahabhashy ke varnan se pata chalata hai ki pushyamitr ne kisi aise vishal yajn ka ayojan kiya tha, jisamean anek purohit the aur jinamean patanjali bhi shamil the. ve svayan brahman yajak the aur isi karan se unhoanne kshatriy yajak par kataksh kiya hai- yadi bhavadvidh: kshatriyan yajayeth.[2]
pushyamitroan yajate, yajaka: yajayati. tatr bhavitavyamh pushyamitro yajayate, yajaka: yajayantiti yajvadishu chaviparyaso vaktavy:.[3]
isase pata chalata hai ki patanjali ka abhirbhav kalidas ke poorv v pushyamitr ke rajy kal mean hua tha. ‘matsy puran’ ke anusar pushyamitr ne 36 varshoan tak rajy kiya tha. pushyamitr ke sianhasan par baithane ka samay 185 ee. poo. hai aur 36 varsh kam kar dene par usake shasan ki sima 149 ee. poo. nishchit hoti hai. goldastukar ne mahabhashy ka kal 140 se 120 ee. poo. mana hai. d aauktar bhaandarakar ke anusar patanjali ka samay 158 ee. poo. ke lagabhag hai, par profesar vebar ke anusar inaka samay kanishk ke bad, arthath ee. poo. 25 varsh hona chahie. d aauktar bhaandarakar ne profesar vebar ke is kathan ka khandan kar diya hai. bothaliank ke matanusar pantajali ka samay 2000 ee. poo. hai.[4] is mat ka samarthan meksamoolar ne bhi kiya hai. kith ke anusar patanjali ka samay 140-150 ee. poo. hai.[5]
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