माउन्टबेटन योजना

[[chitr:Lord-Mountbatten.jpg|thumb|250px|l aaurd maunt betan]] mauntabetan yojana 3 joon, 1947 ee. ko l aaurd maunt betan dvara prastut ki gee thi. yah yojana bharat ke janasadharan logoan mean 'manabatan yojana' ke nam se bhi prasiddh huee. 'muslim lig' pakistan ke nirman par a di huee thi. vivashatapoorvak kaangres tatha sikkhoan dvara desh ke vibhajan ko svikar kar lene ke bad samasya ke hal ke lie l aaurd maunt betan landan gaye aur vapas akar unhoanne yojana prastut ki.

muslim lig ki jid

24 march, 1947 ee. ko l aaurd maunt baitan bharat ke vayasaray banakar aye. pad grahan karate hi unhoanne 'kaangres' evan 'muslim lig' ke netaoan se tatkalik samasyaoan par vyapak vichar vimarsh kiya. 'muslim lig' pakistan ke atirikt kisi bhi vikalp par sahamat nahian huee maunt betan ne kaangres se desh ke vibhajan roopi katu saty ko svikar karane ka anurodh kiya. kaangres neta bhi paristhitiyoan ke dabav ko mahasoos kar is saty ko svikar karane k lie taiyar ho gaye. vibhajan ko svikar karane ki kaangresiyoan ki vivashata saradar vallabh bhaee patel ke is vaktavy se zahir hoti hai. is sambandh mean patel ne kaha- "yadi kaangres vibhajan svikar n karati to ek pakistan ke sthan par kee pakistan banatean." sikkhoan ne bhi is yojana ko anamane dhang se svikrit de di.

yojana ki mukhy batean

18 mee, 1947 ee. ko maunt betan samasya ke antim hal ke lie british sarakar se batachit hetu landan gaye aur punah bharat ane par 3 joon, 1947 ee. ko unhoanne "mauntabetan yojana", jo janasadharan mean "manabatan yojana" ke nam se prasiddh hai, prastut ki. isaki mukhy batean is prakar thian-

1. vartaman paristhitiyoan mean bharat ke vibhajan se hi samasya sulajh sakati hai. atah hindustan ko do hissoan, bharatiy sangh aur pakistan mean baant diya jayega. sanvidhan sabha dvara parit sanvidhan bharat ke un bhagoan mean lagoo nahian hoga, jo ise manane ke lie taiyar nahian haian.
2. bangal, panjab evan asam mean vidhanamandaloan ke adhiveshan do bhagoan mean kiye jayegean. ek bhag mean un ziloan ke pratinidhi hissa leangean, jahaan musalamanoan ki bahulata hai aur doosare mean un ziloan ke pratinidhi hissa leangean, jahaan musalamanoan alpasankhya mean hai. donoan yah nirnay svayan leange ki unhean bharat mean rahana hai ya pakistan mean.
3. uttar-pashchimi praant mean janasangrah dvara yah pata lagaya jayega ki ve kis bhag, bharat ya pakistan, mean rahana chahate haian.
4. asam ke silahat zile ke logoan ki bhi ray janane ke lie janamat sangrah ka sahara liya jayega.
5. panjab, bangal v asam ke vibhajan ke lie ek sima ayog ki niyukti hogi, jo ukt prantoan ki sima nishchit karega.
6. deshi riyasatoan se bhi 15 agast, 1947 ee. se british sarvochchata hata li jayegi tatha unhean bharat ya pakistan mean milane ki poorn svatantrata hogi.

bharatiy svatantrata vidheyak

'mauntabetan yojana' ke adhar par hi 'bharatiy svatantrata vidheyak' british sansad mean 4 julaee, 1947 ee. ko prastut kiya gaya, jise 18 julaee ko svikrit mili. is vidheyak ke pramukh pravadhan is prakar the-

1. prastav ke adhar par bharat aur pakistan nam ke do adhirajyoan ko svatantr kar diya jayaga.
2. donoan adhirajy apani-apani sanvidhan sabha ka gathan kareange.
3. bharat aur pakistan ke pas rashtramandal se alag hone ka poorn adhikar hoga.
4. naya sanvidhan banane tak sanvidhan sabha ke sadasy hi vidhanamandal ke roop mean kary kareange aur sath hi uchit sanshodhanoan ke sath 1935 ee. ke adhiniyam ke dvara hi shasan karyoan ka sanchalan kiya jayega.
5. donoan adhirajyoan ke lie ek-ek gavarnar-janaral ki vyavastha ki gee.
6. jab tak naye sanvidhan ke antargat prantoan mean chunav nahian hota, tab tak purana vidhanamandal hi prantoan mean kary karega.

yojana ki pushti

mahatma gaandhi ki salah par 'kaangres karyakarini samiti' ne 12 joon ko tatha 'kaangres mahasamiti' ne 14 joon or 15 joon, 1947 ee. ko dilli mean huee baithak mean 'mauntabetan yojana' ki pushti kar di. goviand vallabh pant ne vibhajan ki yojana ki pushti karate hue kaha ki "aj hamean pakistan ya atmahatya mean se ek ko chunana hai. desh ki svatantrata aur mukti pane ka yahi ek matr rasta hai. isase bharat mean ek shaktishali sangh ki sthapana hogi." 'mauntabetan yojana' ka purushottam das tandan ne virodh kiya tha.

desh ka vibhajan

'mauntabetan yojana' svikar karane ke bad desh ke vibhajan ki taiyari aranbh ho gayi. bangal aur panjab mean ziloan ke vibhajan tatha sima nirdharan ka kary ek kamishan ke adhin sauanpa gaya, jisaki adhyakshata 'redaklif' ne ki. is prakar 15 agast, 1947 ee. ko bharat tatha pakistan nam ke do naye rashtr astitv mean a gaye.

l aaurd maunt betan dvara prastut ki gee yojana ko kaangres ke andar jahaan maulana abul kalam azad evan purushottam das tandan, siandh kaangres ke neta chautharam gidavani, panjab kaangres ke adhyaksh d aau. kichaloo tatha maulana hafijurrahaman adi ne asvikar kar diya, vahian mahatma gaandhi, govind ballabh pant, javaharalal neharoo, saradar patel, je.bi. kripalani adi ne anamane dhang se tatha paristhitiyoan ki gambhirata ko dekhate hue ise svikar kar liya. 'muslim lig' ke neta muhammad ali jinna ne pahale ast-vyast pakistan ko svikar karane se mana kar diya, kintu mauntabetan ke dabav mean use bhi yojana ko svikar karana p da.

vibhajan ka virodh

vayasaray ke sachivalay mean uchch pad par karyarat vi.pi. menan ne bharat ke do bhagoan mean vibhajan ki yojana banaee. desh ke vibhajan ka virodh karate hue maulana abul kalam azad ne kaha ki "maian bantavare ke khilaf hooan. mujhe yah dekhakar afasos hai ki neharoo aur patel ne har manjoor kar li. yadi ap (gaandhi ji) ne bhi ise svikar kar liya to mujhe dar hai ki hindustan ka sarvanash ho jayega." bantavare ke bare mean gaandhi ji ne kaha ki "bharat ka vibhajan mere shav par hoga. jab tak maian zinda hooan, bharat ke do tuk de nahian hone dooanga. yatha-sanbhav maian kaangres ko bhi bharat ka bantavara svikar nahian karane dooanga."

gaandhi ji ka prayas

2 aprail ko maunt betan se ek mulakat mean mahatma gaandhi ne vyathit man se kaha ki ap jinna ko sarakar banane ke lie amantrit karean, kam se kam isase desh ka vibhajan to ruk jayega, parantu gaandhi ji ke is sujhav ka javaharalal neharoo aur saradar vallabh bhaee patel ne jamakar virodh kiya. gaandhi ji isase itane marmahat hue ki inaki adhik jine ki ichchha hi samapt ho gee. gaandhi ji ne akele hi sampradayikata ke khilaf l daee jari rakhi. unake prayasoan ki prashansa mean maunt betan ne unhean "van main bauandari fors" kaha. antatah mahatma gaandhi ne bhi desh mean badh rahi sampradayikata ki lahar se nirash hokar vibhajan ko man liya. bharat vibhajan ki sthiti mean khan abdul gaffar khan ne ghoshana ki ki uttar pashchimi simaant praant svatantr prabhusatta sampann pakhtunistan banega, kyoanki ve pakistan mean milana nahian chahate the aur kaangres ne unhean bhe diyoan ke age dal diya hai.

javaharalal neharoo ka kathan

14 agast, 1947 ee. ki rat pandit javahar lal neharoo ne sanvidhan sabha ko sambodhit karate hue kaha-

"varshoan pahale hamane kismat ke sath bazi lagaee thi. ab samay a gaya hai ki ham apani pratijna ko poori tarah n sahi kafi had tak poora karean. madhyaratri mean jab sari duniya so rahi hogi, bharat nayi jivan svatantrata lekar jagega. ek kshan, jo itihas mean birale hi ata hai, aisa hota hai, jab ham puratan se nootan ki or jate hai. jab ek yug samapt hota hai, jab rashtr ki bahut dinoan se dabi atma ko vani mil jati hai. yah upayukt hai ki ham is pavitr kshan mean bharat tatha usaki janata ki seva mean aur usase bhi adhik b de manavata ke uddeshy ki poorti ke lie apane ap ko arpit karean. aj ham ek durbhagyapoorn avadhi ko samapt kar rahe haian aur bharat ko apane mahatv ka ek bar phir ahasas ho raha hai. aj ham jis upalabdhi ko mana rahe haian, vah nirantar prayas ki upalabdhi hai, jisake parinamasvaroop ham un pratijnaoan ko poora kar sake, jinhean hamane kitani bar liya hai."

javaharalal neharoo svatantr bharat ke pahale pradhanamantri evan l aaurd maunt betan pratham gavarnar-janaral bane tatha pakistan ka gavarnar-janaral muhammad ali jinna evan pradhamantri liyakat ali ko banaya gaya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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