मात्रक
(aangrezi:Units) kisi bhautik rashi ko vyakt karane ke lie usi prakar ki rashi ke matrak ki avashyakata hoti hai. pratyek rashi ki map ke lie usi rashi ko koee manak man chun liya jata hai. is manak ko matrak kahate haian. kisi rashi ki map ko prakat karane ke lie do batoan ka batana avashyak hai—
- rashi ka matrak—bhautik rashi jisamean mapi jati hai.
- aankik man—jisamean rashi ke pariman ko vyakt kiya jata hai. isase yah batana sambhav hota hai ki us rashi mean usaka matrak kitani bar prayog kiya gaya hai.
udaharan svaroop yadi tar ki lambaee '3 mitar' hai , to isaka arth yah hai ki lambaee mapane ka matrak 'mitar' hai aur tar ki lambaee chune gaye matrak 'mitar' ki tin guni hai. matrak do prakar ke hote haian.
mool matrak
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mool matrak ve matrak haian, jo any matrakoan se svatantr hote haian, arthath unako ek–doosare se athava apas mean badala nahian ja sakata hai. udaharan ke lie lambaee, samay aur dravyaman ke lie mitar, sekend aur kilogram ka prayog kiya jata hai.
vyutpann matrak
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ek athava ek se adhik mool matrakoan par upayukt ghatean lagakar prapt kie ge matrakoan ko vyutpann matrak kahate haian.
mapane ki antarrashtriy man paddhati ya SI paddhati
bhautik mean anek rashiyoan ko mapana p data hai aur yadi pratyek bhautik rashi ke lie alag matrak mana jae to matrakoan ki sankhya itani adhik ho jaegi ki unako yad rakh sakana asambhav ho jaega. isilie sabhi bhautik rashiyoan ko vyakt karane ke lie ek paddhati apanayi gayi hai, jise mool matrakoan ki antarrashtriy paddhati athava ise SI paddhati kahate haian. is paddhati ke anusar yaantriki mean ane vali sabhi rashiyoan ko lambaee, dravyaman, v samay ke matrakoan mean vyakt kar sakate haian. ooshma gati ki, vidyut tatha chumbakatv evan prakashiki mean kam ane vali rashiyoan ko tap, vidyut dhara v jyoti tivrata ke manakoan mean vyakt karate haian.
1971 mean map aur taul ki antarrashtriy samiti ke dvara padarth ki matra ko mool rashi manate hue mol ko isaka mool matrak nirdharit kiya gaya hai. is prakar sat bhautik rashiyaan—
lambaee ke matrak
mitar-kigra.-sekend paddhati mean lambaee ka matrak 'mitar' hota hai. yah pletinam–iridiyam mishradhatu ki chh d par 0ºC par bane do chihnoan ke bich ki doori ko 'mitar' kaha jata hai. yah chh d peris ke aantarrashtriy map taul ke karyalay mean rakhi gee hai. 1983 mean, map taul ke ek k aaunphreans mean 'mitar' ko punah paribhashit kiya gaya. isake anusar 'mitar' vah lambaee hai, jise prakash nirvat mean 1/299792457 sekend mean tay karata hai. ek any paribhasha ke anusar ek mitar vah doori hai, jisamean shuddh kript aaun–86 se utsarjit hone vale narangi prakash ki 1,650,763,73 tarangean ati haian.
| matrak | lambaee (mitar mean) | matrak | lambaee (mitar mean) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
1 teramitar (T) |
1012 | 1 desimitar (d) | 10-1 |
| 1 gigamitar (G) | 109 | 1 seantimitar (c) | 10-2 |
| 1 megamitar (M) | 106 | 1 milimitar (m) | 10-3 |
| 1 miriyamitar | 104 | 1 maikron Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): \mu | 10-6 |
| 1 kilomitar (K) | 103 | 1 mili maikron mFailed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): \mu | 10-9 |
| 1 hektomitar | 102 | 1 eangtram (Å) | 10-10 |
| 1 dekamitar | 10 | 1 pikomitar (p) | 10-12 |
| 1 X–matrak | 10-13 | ||
| 1 pharmimitar (f) | 10-15 | ||
| 1 atomitar | 10-18 |
prakash varsh- prakash dvara ek varsh mean tay ki gee doori ko ek prakash varsh kahate haian. atah prakash varsh, doori ka matrak hai. prakash dvara nirvat mean 1 varsh mean chali gee doori 9.46×1015 mitar hoti hai. arthath-
1 prakash varsh=9.46×1015 mitar
khagoliy ikaee- soory v prithvi ke bich ki ausat doori ko ek khagoliy ikaee kahate haian. prithvi aur soory ke bich ausat doori 1.496×1011 mitar hoti hai. arthath-
1 khagoliy ikaee=1.496×1011 mitar
parasek- parasek 'Parallactic second' ka sankshipt roop hai. yah doori ka matrak hai. yah 1 sekend chap ka lamban pradarshit karata hai.
1 parasek=3×1016 mitar
dravyaman ke matrak
S.I. paddhati mean dravyaman ka matrak 'kigra.' hai. peris ke pas sevares nagar mean antarrashtriy map taul ke karyalay mean rakhe pletinam–iridiyam mishr dhatu ke ek belan ka dravyaman 'manak kigra.' mana jata hai.
| matrak | dravyaman |
|---|---|
| 1 teragram | 109 kigra |
| 1 jigagram | 106 kigra |
| 1 megagram | 103 kigra |
| 1 tan | 103 kigra |
| 1 kvitanl | 102 kigra |
| 1 pikogram | 10-15 kigra |
| 1 miligram | 10-6 kigra |
| 1 desigram | 10-4 kigra |
| 1 slag | 10.57 kigra |
| 1 mitrik tan | 1000 kigra |
| 1 auns | 28.35 gram |
| 1 pauand | 16 auns (453.52 gram) |
| 1 kigra | 2.205 pauand |
| 1 kairet | 205.3 miligram |
| 1 megagram | 1 tan |
| 1 gram | 10-3 kigra |
samay ke matrak
S.I. paddhati mean samay ka matrak 'sekend' hota hai. ek madhyahn se doosare madhyahn ke bich ki avadhi ko saur din kaha jata hai tatha poore varsh ke 'saur dinoan' ke madhy ko 'madhy saur din' kahate haian. is madhy saur divas ka 1/86400 bhag ek sekend ke barabar hota hai.
| matrak | samay |
|---|---|
| 1 pikosekend | 10-12 sekend |
| 1 nainosekend | 10-9 sekend |
| 1 maikrosekend | 10-6 sekend |
| 1 maikrosekend | 1-3 sekend |
vaidyut dhara ka matrak
vidyut dhara matrak aimpiyar hai. aimpiyar vah vidyut dhara hai, jo nirvat mean 1 mitar ki doori par sthit do sidhe, lambe v samantar taroan mean pravahit hone par, pratyek tar ki prati mitar lambaee par taroan ke bich 2×10-7 nyootan ka bal utpann karati hai.
tap ka matrak
tap ka matrak kelvin hai. samany vayumandaliy dab par galate barf ke tap tatha jal ke tap ke 100vean bhag ko ek kelvin (1 K) kahate haian.
jyoti tivrata ka matrak
isaka matrak kendila hai. manak srot ke khule mukh ke 1 semi2 kshetraphal ki jyoti tivrata ka 1/60vaan bhag ek kendila kahalata hai. jabaki srot ka tap pletinam ke galanaank ke barabar ho.
in sabako mool rashiyaan kahate haian. mool rashiyoan ke matrak ek–doosare se prithakh aur svatantr hote haian. sath hi in rashiyoan mean se kisi ek ko kisi any matrakoan mean n to badala ja sakata hai aur n hi usase sambandhit kiya ja sakata hai. mool rashiyoan ke matrak ko mool matrak kaha jata hai. uparyukt sat mool bhautik rashiyoan ke atirikt do poorak mool rashiyaan 'kon' tatha 'ghan kon' bhi hoti haian.
taliy kon ka matrak
taliy kon ka matrak rediyan hai. rediyan vah kon hai, jo vritt ki trijya ke barabar ek chap, vritt ke kendr par antarit karata hai.
ghan kon ka matrak
ghan kon ka matrak sterediyan hai. 1 sterediyan vah ghan kon hai, jo gole ke prishth ka vah bhag jisaka kshetraphal gole ki trijya ke varg ke barabar hota hai, gole ke kendr par antarit karata hai.
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