मालवा

The printable version is no longer supported and may have rendering errors. Please update your browser bookmarks and please use the default browser print function instead.

malava / malav / malaba

malava jvalamukhi ke udgar se bana pashchimi bharat ka ek aanchal hai jo vartaman mean madhy pradesh praant ke pashchimi bhag mean sthit hai. ise prachinakal mean malava ya malav ke nam se jana jata tha. malav 'devi lakshmi ke avas ka hissa' kahalata hai. samudr tal se isaki ausat ooanchaee 496 mitar hai. akaravanti poorv tatha pashchim malava ka sanyukt nam hai. yah kark rekha dvara do hissoan mean vibhajit hai. is kshetr mean iandaur, bhopal, gvaliyar v jabalapur sanbhagoan ke lagabhag 18 zile aur maharashtr v rajasthan ke kuchh hisse shamil haian. isamean prachin avanti, akara aur darasan ke kuchh kshetr shamil haian. malava ka adhikaansh bhag chanbal nadi tatha isaki shakhaoan dvara sanchit hai, pashchimi bhag mahi nadi dvara sanchit hai.

namakaran

malava ka nam narmada - chanbal ke upajaoo aitihasik, saanskritik aur bhautik kshetr mean basane vale logoan ke nam par p da. malava ke adhikaansh bhag ka gathan jis pathar dvara hua hai usaka nam bhi isi aanchal ke nam se malava ka pathar hai. malava ka ukt nam 'malav' namak jati ke adhar par p da is jati ka ullekh sarvapratham ee. poo. chauthi sadi mean milata hai, jab is jati ki sena sikandar se yuddh mean parajit huee thi. ye malav praranbh mean panjab tatha rajapootana kshetroan ke nivasi thi, lekin sikandar se parajit hokar ve avanti v usake as-pas ke kshetroan mean bas gaye. unhoanne akar (dasharn) tatha avanti ko apani rajanitik gatividhiyoan ka keandr banaya.

dasharn ki rajadhani vidisha thi tatha avanti ki rajadhani ujjayini thi. kalaantar mean yahi donoan pradesh milakar malava kahalaye. is prakar ek bhaugolik ghatak ke roop mean 'malava' ka nam lagabhag pratham eesvi sadi mean milata hai.

itihas

malav ke samooche itihas ke dauran yahaan vibhinn qabile basate rahe, lekin bauddh kal mean maury vansh ke shasan (238 ee.poo. tak) mean yah kshetr kala aur vastushilp mean kafi vikasit hua. bad mean uttari malava par kshatrapoan, gupt rajaoan aur aantatah paramar vansh ka shasan ho gaya. raja bhoj tritiy ne dhar aur ujjain mean rajadhani sthapit karake ise nayi ooanchaiyoan tak pahuanchaya. 1401 mean dilavar khaan gori ne malava ke sultanoan ka rajy qayam kiya aur unaka putr rajadhani ko dhar se maandoo le gaya. mugal badashah babar ne malava ka varnan hiandustan ke chauthe sabase mahattvapoorn rajy ke roop mean kiya hai. 1561 mean baz bahadur ke akabar ke hathoan parajit hone ke bad yah kshetr mugaloan ke adhin ek sooba ban gaya. yah kshetr apane itihas ke lambe samay tak kalah aur arajakata se ghira raha. dakkan ko uttar se jo dane vale marg mean haandiya, maheshvar, maandoo aur burahanapur mahattvapoorn shahar the. 1724 mean peshava bajirav ke netritv aur siandhiya, holkar aur puar ki madad se marathoan ne malava mean pravesh kiya. tisare maratha yuddh (1817) mean satta aangrezoan ke hathoan mean chali gee. 1861 mean malava ko madhy praant ka hissa banaya gaya. 1948 aur usake bad 1956 mean aupacharik roop se malava ka vibhajan madhy pradesh, maharashtr tatha rajasthan rajyoan ke bich kar diya gaya.

rajaniti

madhy pradesh ke pashchimi bhag tatha rajasthan ke dakshini-pashchimi bhag se gathit yah kshetr aryoan ke samay se hi ek svatantr rajanitik ikaee raha hai.
yadyapi isaki rajanitik simayean samay-samay par tho di parivartit hoti rahi tathapi is kshetr mean apani vishisht sabhyata, sanskriti evan bhasha ka vikas hua hai.
bharat ke any rajyoan ki bhaanti malava ki bhi rajanitik simaean rajanitik gatividhiyoan v prashasanik karanoan se parivartit hoti rahi hai.

bhoogol

vyapak arth mean

anek aitihasik sakshyoan evan bhaugolik sthiti ke adhar par prachin malava ke bhaugolik vistar ke sandarbh mean vibhinn vidvanoan ke alag-alag mat haian. vyapak arth mean yah uttar mean gvaliyar ki dakshini sima se lekar dakshin mean narmada ghati ke uttari tat se sanlagn mahanh viandhy kshetroan tak tatha poorv mean vidisha se lekar rajapootana ki sima ke madhy phaile hue bhoo-bhag ka pratinidhitv karata hai.

vijnan ke anusar

bhoo-akriti vijnan ke anusar, is kshetr ko malava pathar, viandhy kshetr, satapu da ki paha diyoan aur narmada ke maidan mean baanta ja sakata hai. jatil bhoogarbhiy sanrachana vale pathar mean har jagah vilag paha diyaan paee jati haian. viandhy kshetr poorv ki or traip ke niche tak phaila hua hai. goandavana kshetr satapu da ke paha di ilaqe ko apane mean samete hai, jisake uttar ki or suspasht dhal hai. dakkan ka lava kshetr kafi b de ilaqe mean phaila hua hai aur isamean patal shailayukt bhoo-bhag hai. yah lava aisi bhoomi par gira tha, jo pahale hi paripakvata ke aantim charan mean pahuanch chuki thi. agney chattanean (besalt chattanean) malava kshetr ke b de hisse par samarup dhang se sthit haian. is kshetr mean do apavah tantr haian narmada, tapti v mahi (arab sagar apavah) aur chanbal v betava, jo yamuna (bangal ki kha di apavah) se milatian haian. is kshetr mean ooanchaee aur akshaanshiy vividhata se prabhavit ushnakatibandhiy manasooni jalavayu hai.

arthavyavastha

yahaan ki arthavyavastha mean krishi ki pradhanata hai. ujjain, iandaur, bhopal, khandava, ratalam aur nimach jaise audyogik shaharoan ka vikas hua hai. dakkan ke lava ke chattanoan ke lagatar aparadan ke karan is samooche kshetr mean kali mitti paee jati hai, jisamean kafi matra mean potash aur choona hota hai, jo kapas, jvar, gehooan, ganne tatha mooangaphali ki kheti ke lie upayukt hai. yah samoocha kshetr patharoan par savana jaisi vanaspati aur dakshini hisse mean, amataur par viandhy tatha satapu da ki paha diyoan par nam parnapati vanoan se dhaka hua hai.

udyog aur vyapar

yahaan vanijyik roop se mahattvapoorn sagaun ke pe d pae jate haian. lakh, rangaee v charmashodhan ka saman, goand, phal, savaee ghas (moolyavan bharatiy reshedar ghas) aur shahad yahaan ke any utpad haian.

yah kshetr chanderi aur siroanj mean mahin malamal aur chhiant vale kap de ke utpadan ke lie vikhyat hai. yahaan ke udyogo mean sooti vastr nirman, kapas ki otaee aur hathakaragha bunaee se ju de udyog shamil haian.

simeant, eeant v chini mitti ke karakhane, charmashodhan, shalaean, haddiyoan ko pisane ke karakhane, resham mil, ara mil, mashinoan ke auzar, aushadhi v rasayan nirman aur van adharit udyog yahaan haian. laghu aur kutir udyog kshetriy arthavyavastha mean mahattvapoorn sthan rakhate haian.

khanij

malava kshetr mean kee prakar ke khanij bhandara haian, jinamean koyala, maianganij, abhrak, lauh, ayask, taanba, b aauksait, esbestas, choona-patthar, chikani mitti, kailsait, selakh di, sisa, jasta v grefait shamil haian. inamean se adhikaansh ka, jahaan tak sanbhav hai, vanijyik dohan kiya ja raha hai.

krishi

mukhy mausam khrarif hai, jisamean jvar, gehooan, makka, chana, arahar, mooang, kapas, gaanja, jvar aur bajara ki kheti hoti hai. krishi adharit mahattvapoorn udyogoan mean chini, chaval, tel, dal, aur ate ki milean pramukh haian.

parivahan

yah kshetr rel aur s dak marg dvara bhalibhaanti ju da hua hai. yah dilli-chennee, dilli-muanbee aur kolakata-muanbee rashtriy rajamarg par sthit hai. muanbee se ilahabad aur hav da jane vali mukhy rel lain yahaan se gujarati hai. itarasi, sagar, nagada aur ratalam yahaan ke mahattvapoorn sthan haian.

malava chitrakala

malava shaili ki chitrakala mean vastushilpiy drishyoan ki or jhukav, savadhanipoorvak taiyar ki gayi sapat kiantu suvyavasthit sanrachana, shreshth praroopan, shobha hetu prakritik drishyoan ka srijan tatha roopoan ko ubharane ke lie ek rang ke dhabboan ka suniyojit upayog darshaniy hai.
stri-purush donoan ka chitran tanvagi roop mean laghumukh evan ayatalochanamay roop mean kiya gaya hai. madhodas rachit 'rangamala' ke drishy is shaili ke anupam udaharan haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah