मुंगेर

muanger kee paha diyoan se dhira hua nagar hai. karnapur ki paha di mahabharat ke karn se sambandhit bataee jati hai. mahabharat ke uparyukt prasang mean bhi karn aur bhim ka yuddh muanger ke ullekh se thik poorv varnit hai.

sthapana

bharat ke prachin aang samrajy bihar ka pramukh kendr muanger shahar evan zila hai. muanger zile ka prashasanik mukhyalay, bihar rajy, poorvottar bharat, ganga nadi par sthit hai. kaha jata hai ki muanger ki sthapana gupt shasakoan ne chauthi shatabdi mean ki thi. yahaan ek qila hai, jisamean muslim sant shah mushk nafa jinaki mrityu 1497 mean huee thi, ki mazar hai. 1793 mean bangal ke navab mir qasim ne muanger ko apani rajadhani bana kar yahaan shastragar aur kee mahaloan ka nirman karavaya. 1864 mean yahaan nagarapalika ka gathan hua.

itihas

mahabharat mean muanger shahar ko 'modagiri' kaha gaya hai-'ath modagirau chaiv rajanan balavattaramh paandavo bahuviryen nijadhan mahamrighe' arthath poorv disha ki digvijay yatra mean magadh pahuanchane ke uparant modagiri ke atyant balavan naresh ko bhujabal se yuddh mean mar giraya. isaka varnan girivraj (rajagir) ke pashchath hai tatha isake ullekh ke pahale bhim ki karn par vijay ka varnan hai. kianvadanti ke anusar muanger ki nianv dalane vala chandr namak raja tha. nagar ke nikat sitakund namak sthan hai. jahaan kaha jata hai ki sita apane doosare vanavas kal mean agni pravesh ke lie utari thi. chandi sthan bhi prachin sthal hai. ek kianvadanti mean muanger ka vastavik nam munigrih bhi bataya jata hai. kahate haian ki yahian paha di par mudagal muni ka nivas sthan hone se hi yah sthan mudagal nagari kahalata tha. kintu isaka sambandh mahabharat ke modagiri se jo dana adhik samichin hai. kaniangham ke mat mean 7vian shati mean yuvanachvaang ne is sthan ko lohaninila (lavananil) kaha hai. 10vian shati mean pal vanshi devapal ka yahaan par raj tha, jaisa ki usake tabhratt lekh mean varnit hai. muanger mean muslim badashahoan ne bhi kafi samay tak apana mukhy prashasan kendr banaya tha, jisake phalasvaroop yahaan par us samay ke kee avashesh haian. mugaloan ke samay ka ek zila bhi ullekhaniy hai. yah ganga ke tat par bana hai. isake uttar pashchim ke kone mean kashtatarini namak ganga ghat hai. jahaan 10vian shati ka ek abhilekh hai. qile se adha mil par 'man patthar' hai, jo ganga ke andar ek chattan hai. kaha jata hai ki is par shrikrishna ke padachihn bane haian. qile ke pashchim ki or mulla seed ka maqabara hai. ye asharaf nam se farasi mean kavita likhate the aur aurangazeb ki putri jebunnisa ke kavy guru bhi the. inaka mool nivas sthan kaispiyan sagar ke pas majanadaran namak sthan tha. akabar ke samay mean todaramal ne bangal ke vidrohiyoan ko dabane ke lie abhiyan ka mukhy kendr muanger mean banaya tha. shahajahaan ke putr shahashuja ne uttaradhikar yuddh ke samay is sthan mean do bar sharan li thi. kuchh vidvanoan ka mat hai ki muanger ka ek nam 'hiranyaparvat' bhi hai, jo satavian shati ya usake nikatavarti kal mean prachalit tha.

yatayat aur parivahan

jamalapur tatha simalatala mahattvapoorn rel aur vanijyik keanndr haian.

krishi aur khanij

chaval, makka, geanhoo, chana aur tilahan yahaan ki mukhy fasalean haian.

udyog v vyavasay

pramukh rel, s dak aur stimar sanpark se ju da yah sthan ek mahattvapoorn anaj m di hai. yahaan udyogoan mean agneyayastr v talavar nirman aur abanoos ka kam shamil hai. is shahar mean bharat ke vishalatam sigaret karakhanoan mean se ek sthit hai. yahaan abharak, slet aur choona patthar ka khanan hota hai.

shikshan sansthan

yahaan par prasiddh yog vishh‍vavidyalay hai.

janasankhya

2001 ki janaganana ke anusar is zile ki kul janasankhya 11,35,499 hai v nagar ki kul janasankhya 1,87,311 hai.

paryatan

muanger mean aitihasik qila hai. yahaan par sitakuand namak pramukh kuand hai. muanger se 6 ki.mi. poorv mean sthit sita kuand muanger anevale paryatakoan ke akarshan ka pramukh keandr hai. is kuand ka nam purushoth‍tam ram ki dharmapath‍ni sita ke nam par rakha gaya hai. kaha jata hai ki jab ram sita ko ravan ke changul se chhu dakar lae the to unako apani ko pavitrata sabit karane ke lie agni pariksha deni p di thi. dharmashash‍troan ke anusar agni pariksha ke bad sita mata ne jis kuand mean sh‍nan kiya tha yah vahi kuand hai. is kuand ko bihar rajh‍y paryatan mantralay ne ek paryatak sh‍thal ke roop mean vikasit kiya hai. is kuand ko garm kuand ke nam se bhi jana jata hai jisaka tapaman kabhi-kabhi 138° ph aaurenahait tak garm ho jata hai.

kshetraphal

muanger zile ka kshetraphal 7,928 varg kimi hai aur yah ganga nadi ke dakshin mean phaile jalodh maidan mean avasthit hai. sudoor dakshin mean kh dagapur ki vanachchhadit paha diyaan, jo ki 490 mitar ooanchi hai, aur yahian par chhota nagapur ka pathar hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

• aitihasik sthanavali se pej sankhya 747-748 | vijayendr kumar mathur | vaijnanik tatha takaniki shabdavali ayog | manav sansadhan vikas mantralay, bharat sarakar
• bharat jnanakosh se pej sankhya 372