मुग़लकालीन भाषा साहित्य

akhil bharatiy star par sarakari kam-kaj tatha any batoan ke lie farasi tatha sanskrit bhashaoan ki mahattvapoorn bhoomika tatha bhakti andolan ke prabhav se prantiy bhashaoan ka vikas ho chuka tha. prantiy bhashaoan ke vikas ka ek aur karan sthaniy tatha prantiy rajaoan dvara diya gaya sanrakshan tatha protsahan tha. solahavian tatha satrahavian shatabdi mean ye dharaean jari rahian. akabar ke kal tak uttari bharat mean farasi ke alava sthaniy bhasha (hiandavi) mean kagazat ko rakhana band hi kar diya gaya. isake bavajood satrahavian shatabdi mean dakkan ke rajyoan ke patan tak unamean sthaniy bhashaoan mean dastavezoan ko rakhane ki parampara jari rahi.

farasi bhasha ka prachalan

mugal kal ka sahity
kramaank	pustak	lekhak
1.	babaranama	babar
2.	tarikh-e-alafi	mulla daud
3.	aina-e-akabari, akabaranama	abul phazal
4.	muantakhab at tavarikh	badayooanni
5.	tabakat-e-akabari	nijamuddin ahamad
6.	humayooannama	gulabadan begam
7.	tarikh-e-sherashahi	abbas khaan saravani
8.	makhajan afagani	niyamatulla
9.	padashahanama	abdul hamid lahauri
10.	fatava-e-alamagiri	aurangazeb
11.	alamagiranama	mirza muhammad kajim shiraji
12.	khulasa-ul-tavarikh	suan ray khatri
13.	futuhat-e-alamagiri	eeshvaradas
14.	nuskha-e-dilakusha	muhammd saphi
15.	padmavat	malik muhammad jayasi
16.	soorasagar	sooradas
17.	ramacharitamanas	tulasidas
18.	masar-e-jahaangiri	khvaja kamagar
19.	shahajahaannama	inayat khan
20.	makajjam-e-afagani	niyamat ulla
21.	prem vatika	rasakhan
22.	tujuk-e-babari	babar

farasi gady tatha pady akabar ke shasanakal mean apane shikhar par the. us kal ke mahanh lekhak aur vidvanh tatha itihasakar abul fazal ne gady ki aisi shaili prachalit ki, jisaka kee pidhiyoan ne anusaran kiya. us kal ka pramukh kavi faizi, abul fazal ka bhaee tha, aur usane akabar ke anuvad vibhag mean b di sahayata ki. usake nirikshan mean mahabharat ka anuvad bhi kiya gaya. us kal ke farasi ke do any pramukh kavi 'utbi' tatha 'nazori' the. inaka janm eeran mean hua tha, par ye un vidvanoan aur kaviyoan mean the, jo b di sankhya mean us kal mean eeran se bharat ae the aur jinhoanne mugal darabar ko islami jagath ka ek pramukh saanskritik kendr bana diya tha. farasi sahity ke vikas mean hinduoan ne bhi mahattvapoorn yogadan diya. is kal mean sahityik tatha aitihasik kritiyoan ke alava farasi bhasha ke kee prasiddh vishvakosh bhi taiyar kie ge.

is kal mean yadyapi sanskrit ki koee mool athava mahattvapoorn kriti ki rachana nahian ki gee, is bhasha mean rachit kritiyoan ki sankhya kafi b di thi. pahale ki tarah dakshin tatha poorvi bharat mean adhikatar kritiyaan sthaniy rajaoan ke sanrakshan mean rachi geean, par kuchh kritiyaan un brahmanoan ki thian, jo samratoan ke anuvad vibhag mean niyukt the.

sangitamay rachana tatha anuvad

is kal mean kshetriy bhashaoan mean paripakvata aee tatha utkrisht sangitamay kavy ki rachana huee. bangali, u diya, hindi, rajasthani tatha gujarati bhashaoan ke kavy mean is kal mean radha-krishna tatha krishna aur gopiyoan ki lila tatha bhagavat ki kahaniyoan ka kafi prayog kiya gaya. ram par adharit kee bhakti gitoan ki rachana ki gee tatha ramayan aur mahabharat ka kshetriy bhashaoan, visheshakar unamean, jinamean inaka anuvad pahale nahian hua tha, mean anuvad kiya gaya. kuchh farasi kritiyoan ka bhi anuvad kiya gaya. is kary mean hindoo tatha musalaman, donoan ne yogadan diya. alaol ne bangala mean apani rachanaean bhi kian aur sath mean musalaman soofi sant dvara rachit hindi kavy 'padmavat' ka anuvad bhi kiya. is kavy mean malik muhammad jayasi ne alauddin khilaji ke chittau d abhiyan ko adhar banakar atma tatha paramatma ke sambandh mean soofi vicharoan, aur maya ke bare mean hindoo shastroan ke siddhaantoan ka pratipadan kiya.

braj bhasha ko protsahan

madhyakalin bharat mean mugal samratoan tatha hindoo rajaoan ne agara tatha usake asapas ke kshetroan mean boli jane vali bhasha braj ko bhi pretsahan pradan kiya. akabar ke kal se mugal rajadarabar mean hindoo kavi bhi rahane lage. ek pramukh mugal saradar abdularahim khan-e-khana ne apane bhaktikavy mean manaviy sambandhoan ke bare mean farasi vicharoan ka bhi samanvay kiya. is prakar farasi tatha hindi ki sahityik paramparaean ek-doosare se prabhavit hueean. is kal ke sabase pramukh hindi kavi tulasidas the. jinhoanne uttar pradesh ke poorvi kshetroan mean bole jane vali avadhi bhasha mean ek mahakavy ki rachana ki, jisake nayak ram the. unhoanne ek aisi jati vyavastha ka anumodan kiya, jisamean jati, janm ke adhar par nahian, varanh manav ke vyaktigat gunoan par adharit thi. tulasidas vastav mean manavatavadi kavi the. jinhoanne parivarik moolyoan ko mahatv diya aur yah bataya ki mukti ka marg har vyakti ke lie sambhav hai aur yah marg ram ke prati poorn bhakti hai.

ekanath ka kathan

dakshin bharat mean malayalam mean bhi sahityik parampara arambh huee. ekanath aur tukaram ne marathi bhasha ko shikhar par pahuancha diya. marathi bhasha ki mahatta batate hue ekanath kahate haian- "yadi sanskrit eeshvar ki den hai, to kya prakrit chor tatha uchchakoan ne di hai. yah batean matr ghamand aur bhram par adharit haian. eeshvar kisi bhi bhasha ka pakshapati nahian. isake lie sanskrit tatha prakrit ekasaman haian. meri bhasha marathi ke madhyam se uchch se uchch vichar vyakt kie ja sakate haian aur yah adhyatmik jnan se paripoorn hai."

is ukti mean kshetriy bhashaoan ke rachanakaroan ka garv spasht hai tatha isamean in bhashaoan mean likhane valoan ka atmavishvas tatha unaka garv bhi parilakshit hota hai. sikkh guruoan ki rachanaoan ne panjabi bhasha mean naye pran phooank die.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah