मैकल पर्वतमाला
maikal parvatamala kanha bagh araksh ki sabase pramukh bhaugolik bhoo-akriti hai. yah parvatamala uttar-dakshin disha mean nikali huee hai aur trikonakar satapu da parvat shrriankhala ki poorvi bhuja hai.
bhaugarbhik itihas
araksh ki poorvi sima par sthit yah parvatamala narmada aur mahanadi ke jalagrahan kshetroan ke bich ki vibhajan rekha hai. yah parvatamala araksh mean pashchim or bhaiansanaghat tak phaili hai aur narmada ke jalagrahan kshetr ko dakshin-pashchim aur pashchim mean banjar, tatha poorv aur uttarapoorv mean halon mean baantati hai. mukhy maikal shreni aur bhaiansanaghat se uttar ki or anek skandh nikale hue haian jo halon nadi ki or badh rahe pani ko anek sar-saritaoan mean baant dete haian, jaise phen, gauradhuni, kashmiri aur goandala. bhaiansanaghat parvatashreni bamhanidadar par pahuanchakar do bhagoan mean bant jati hai- mukhy bhag uttar ki or nikalata hai aur shakhaean pashchim ki or nikalakar banjar ke jalagrahan kshetr ko svayan banjar aur usaki sahayak nadi sulakum (jise usake nichale bhagoan mean surapan bhi kahate haian) ke jalagrahan kshetroan mean baant deti haian. mukhy shreni ki ooanchaee samudr tal se 800 se lekar 900 mitar hai.
apavah
satapu da aur maikal ke jalagrahan kshetr ko bharat ka doosara sabase b da jalagrahan kshetr mana jata hai. narmada, son, mahanadi, tapti, paandu, kanhar, rihand, bijul, gopad aur banas uttar se dakshin ki or lagabhag samaantar bahati haian aur inhoanne maikal parvatashreni ki or apekshakrit naram chattanoan mean vishal jaladroniyaan utkirn ki haian.
chapate shikharavali paha diyaan jinhean dadar kaha jata hai, apane oopari bhagoan mean sphotagarti (vesikular) aur mrinamayi makharala (kleyi letarait) chattanoan se avritt haian. inamean kee bar boksait ki matra kafi adhik hoti hai. lauh yaugikoan ke karan in chattanoan ka lal rang rahata hai. maidanoan aur ghatiyoan mean grenaitayukt pattitashm (grenaitik nis) aur maika yukt starit chattanean (maikeshiyas sist) paee jati haian jo sal vanoan ko samarthit karati haian. dadaroan mean mausami prabhavoan se kshin hua asitashm (basalt) hota hai jo mishrit vanoan ke lie upayukt hai.
vanaspati jivan
vanaspati mean kafi vibhinnata paee jati hai aur yahaan ghas aur kantili jha diyoan se lekar patajh di vanoan ke danav- sal aur sagaun, prachurata se milate haian. krishi, jo yahaan ka mukhy vyavasay hai, jalodh mittivali nadi droniyoan mean hoti hai. mukhy phasaloan mean shamil haian dhan, chana, jvar, jee, makee dalean til aur sarasoan.
yahaan koyala, choona, b aauksait, kurand (korandam), dolomait, sangamaramar, slet aur balukashm (saiandaston) ke nikshep bahut adhik matra mean haian. nrijativarnan (ethanographi) ki drishti se maikal parvatamala anek janajatiy samoohoan ka nivasasthan hai, jaise goand, halba, bhariya, baiga aur korakoo.
bhoo-vaijnanik
is kshetr mean ek bahut hi rochak bhoo-vaijnanik visheshata paee jati hai. jisake bare mean sarvapratham ostriyaee bhoovaijnanik eduard sues (1831-1914) ne apani prasiddh pustak 'd phes oph di erth' (prithvi ka chehara) mean likha tha. unhoanne sujhaya ki purajiv kalp mean, lagabhag 16.5 karo d varsh poorv, 'goandavana' namak ek ativishal mahadvip ka astitv tha. yah nam madhy bharat mean rahane vale goand janajati ke nam se liya gaya hai. is vishal mahadvip ke ghatak pradeshoan mean, arthat ajakal ke astreliya, aantarktika, dakshini nav gini, aphrika, dakshin amarika aur bharat mean parmiyan aur karbonipheras kal ke praroopik bhoovaijnanik lakshan milate haian. parmiyan goandavana mean milane vala sabase samany patta glosopteris hai, jo jibh ke akar ka ek patta hai jisamean jatil jalidar shiravinyas hota hai. glosopteris ke patte aur kuchh prakar ke kasheruki jivoan ka samast goandavana deshoan mean milana pichhali shatabdi ke praranbh mean pratipadit mahadvipiy apasaran siddhaant ke lie ek mahattvapoorn praman hai. vaijnanikoan mean yah siddhaant kafi arse tak vivadaspad raha kyoanki plet tektonik ki (arthat bhoo-pataloan ke khisakane ki) jis avadharana par vah tiki hai usake kam karane ki riti abhi hal hi mean jnat huee hai. plet tektonik ke anusar goandavana ek chalayaman bhoo-patal par sthit tha jo khisakata raha aur tootata raha aur usake tuk de abhi ke mahadvip bane.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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