मोहन राकेश
mohan rakesh
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| poora nam | mohan rakesh |
| janm | 8 janavari, 1925 |
| janm bhoomi | amritasar, panjab |
| mrityu | 3 janavari, 1972 |
| mrityu sthan | nee dilli |
| karm bhoomi | bharat |
| karm-kshetr | natakakar aur upanyasakar |
| mukhy rachanaean | upanyas- aandhere band kamare, antaral natak- ashadh ka ek din, laharoan ke rajahans, 'adhe adhoore' |
| bhasha | hindi, aangrezi |
| vidyalay | 'oriyantal k aaulej' (lahaur mean), panjab vishvavidyalay |
| shiksha | em.e. (hindi aur aangrezi) |
| puraskar-upadhi | 1968 mean 'sangit natak akadami puraskar' |
| vishesh yogadan | mohan rakesh hiandi sahity ke un chunianda sahityakaroan mean haian jinhean ‘nayi kahani aandolan’ ka nayak mana jata hai aur sahity jagath mean adhikaansh log unhean us daur ka ‘mahanayak’ kahate haian. |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| any janakari | adhunik hindi sahity kal mean mohan rakesh ne apane lekhan se door hote hindi sahity ko rangamanch ke qarib la diya aur svayan ko bharatendu harishchandr aur jayashankar prasad ke samakaksh kh da kar diya. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
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mohan rakesh (aangrezi: Mohan Rakesh, janm: 8 janavari, 1925; mrityu: 3 janavari, 1972) 'nee kahani andolan' ke sahityakar the. hindi natak ke kshitij par mohan rakesh ka uday us samay hua, jab svadhinata ke bad pachas ke dashak mean saanskritik punarjagaran ka jvar desh mean jivan ke har kshetr ko spandit kar raha tha. unake natakoan ne n sirf natak ka asvad, tevar aur star hi badal diya, balki hindi rangamanch ki disha ko bhi prabhavit kiya. adhunik hindi sahity kal mean mohan rakesh ne apane lekhan se door hote hindi sahity ko rangamanch ke qarib la diya aur svayan ko bharatendu harishchandr aur jayashankar prasad ke samakaksh kh da kar diya.
jivan parichay
mohan rakesh hiandi sahity ke un chunianda sahityakaroan mean haian jinhean ‘nayi kahani aandolan’ ka nayak mana jata hai aur sahity jagath mean adhikaansh log unhean us daur ka ‘mahanayak’ kahate haian. unhoanne ‘ashadh ka ek din’ ke roop mean hiandi ka pahala adhunik natak bhi likha. kahanikar-upanyasakar prakash manu bhi aise hi logoan mean shamil haian, jo nayi kahani ke daur mean mohan rakesh ko sarvopari manate haian. prakash manu ne kaha ‘‘nayi kahani aandolan ne hiandi kahani ki poori tasvir badali hai. us daur mean tin nayak mohan rakesh, kamaleshvar aur rajeandr yadav rahe. khud kamaleshvar aur rajeandr yadav bhi rakesh ko hamesha sarvashreshth manate rahe.[1]
janm tatha shiksha
mohan rakesh ka janm 8 janavari, 1925 ko amritasar, panjab mean hua tha. unake pita peshe se vakil the aur sath hi sahity aur sangit ke premi bhi the. pita ki sahityik ruchi ka prabhav mohan rakesh par bhi p da. mohan rakesh ne pahale lahaur ke 'oriyantal k aaulej' se 'shastri' ki pariksha pas ki. kishoravastha mean sir se pita ka saya uthane ke bavajood unhoanne himmat nahian hari aur padhaee jari rakhi. isake bad unhoanne 'panjab vishvavidyalay' se hindi aur aangrezi mean em.e. kiya. ek shikshak ke roop mean peshevar ziandagi ki shuruat karane ke sath hi unaka rujhan laghu kahaniyoan ki or hua. bad mean unhoanne kee natak aur upanyas likhe. bad mean anek varshoan tak dilli, jalandhar, shimala aur mumbee mean adhyapan kary karate rahe.
svatantr lekhan
apani sahityik abhiruchi ke karan mohan rakesh ka adhyapan kary mean man nahian laga aur ek varsh tak unhoanne 'sarika' patrika ka sampadan kiya. is kary ko bhi apane lekhan mean badha samajhakar isase kinare kar liya aur jivan ke ant tak svatantr lekhan hi inake jivikoparjan ka sadhan raha. mohan rakesh hindi ke bahumukhi pratibha sanpann naty lekhak aur upanyasakar the. samaj ki sanvedanashil anubhootiyoan ko chunakar unaka sarthak sambandh khoj nikalana unaki kahaniyoan ki vishay-vastu thi.
sahityik parichay
hindi natakoan mean bharateandu harishchandr aur jayashankar prasad ke bad ka daur mohan rakesh ka daur hai, jisamean hindi natak dubara rangamanch se ju de. hindi naty sahity mean bharateandu harishchandr aur jayashankar prasad ke bad yadi koee lik se hatakar nam ubharata hai to vah mohan rakesh ka hai. bich mean aur bhi kee nam ate haian, jinhoanne adhunik hindi natak ki vikas-yatra mean mahattvapoorn p dav tay kie, kintu mohan rakesh ka lekhan ek alag hi sthan par nazar ata hai. isalie hi nahian ki unhoanne achchhe natak likhe, balki isalie bhi ki unhoanne hindi natak ko aandhere band kamaroan se bahar nikala aur ek ne daur ke sath jo dakar dikhaya.[2]
rachanaean
mohan rakesh ki rachanaean pathakoan aur lekhakoan ke diloan ko chhooti haian. ek bar jo unaki rachana ko padhata hai to vah poori tarah se rakesh ke shabdoan mean doob jata hai. rakesh ke upanyas ‘aandhere band kamare’, ‘n ane vala kal’, ‘aantaral’ aur ‘bakalama khuda’ hai. isake alava ‘adhe adhoore’, ‘ashadh ka ek din’ aur ‘laharoan ke rajahans’ unake kuchh mashahoor natak haian. ‘laharoan ke rajahans’ unaka sabase vikhyat natak raha.[1] mohan rakesh ne natak, upanyas, kahani, yatra vrittant, nibandh adi vidhaoan mean vipul sahity ki rachana ki.
katha sahity
mohan rakesh pahale kahani vidha ke zariye hindi mean ae. unaki 'misapal', 'adra', 'glasataiank', 'janavar' aur 'malabe ka malik' adi kahaniyoan ne hindi kahani ka paridrishy hi badal diya. ve 'nayi kahani andolan' ke shirsh kathakar ke roop mean charchit hue. mohan rakesh hindi ke bahumukhi pratibha sanpann naty lekhak aur upanyasakar haian. unaki kahaniyoan mean ek nirantar vikas milata hai, jisase ve adhunik manushy ki niyati ke nikat se nikatatar ate ge haian. unaki khoobi yah thi ki ve katha-shilp ke ustad the aur unaki bhasha mean gazab ka sadhav hi nahian, ek shastriy anushasan bhi hai. kahani se lekar upanyas tak mean unaki katha-bhoomi shahari madhy varg hai. kuchh kahaniyoan mean bharat-vibhajan ki pi da bahut sashakt roop mean abhivyakt huee hai. kahani ke bad rakesh ko saphalata naty-lekhan ke kshetr mean mili hai.[3]
naty-lekhan
mohan rakesh ko kahani ke bad naty-lekhan ke kshetr mean saphalata mili. mohan rakesh ko hindi natakoan ka agradoot bhi kah sakate haian. hindi naty sahity mean bharatendu aur prasad ke bad koee nam ubharata hai to vah mohan rakesh ka hai. unhoanne achchhe natak likhe aur hindi natak ko aandhere band kamaroan se bahar nikala aur use yugoan ke romani aindrajalik sammohan se ubarakar ek ne daur ke sath jo dakar dikhaya. vastutah mohan rakesh ke natak keval hindi ke natak nahian haian. ve hindi mean likhe avashy ge haian, kintu ve samakalin bharatiy naty pravrittiyoan ke dyotak haian. unhoanne hindi natak ko pahali bar akhil bharatiy star pradan kiya aur sadiyoan ke alag-thalag pravah ko vishv natak ki ek samany dhara ki or bhi agrasar kiya. pramukh bharatiy nirdeshakoan ibrahim alakazi, om shivapuri, aravind gau d, shyamanand jalan, ramagopal bajaj aur dinesh thakur ne mohan rakesh ke natakoan ka nirdeshan kiya.
'ashadh ka ek din'
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rakesh ji ki sabase b di upalabdhi unaka natak "ashadh ka ek din" tha, jisane natakoan ko ek naya ayam diya. 'ashadh ka ek din' san 1958 mean prakashit aur natakakar mohan rakesh dvara rachit ek hindi natak hai. kabhi-kabhi ise hindi natak ke adhunik yug ka pratham natak kaha jata hai. san 1959 mean ise varsh ka sarvashreshth natak hone ke lie 'sangit natak akadami puraskar' se bhi sammanit kiya gaya tha. kee prasiddh nirdeshak is natak ko manch par la chuke haian. 1979 mean nirdeshak mani kaul ne is par adharit ek film banaee, jisane age jakar sal ki sarvashreshth film ka 'film feyar puraskar' bhi jit liya. 'ashadh ka ek din' mahakavi kalidas ke niji jivan par kendrit hai, jo 100 ee. poo. se 500 eesavi ke anumanit kal mean vyatit hua. is natak ka shirshak kalidas ki kriti 'meghadootamh' ki shuruati panktiyoan se liya gaya hai, kyoanki ashadh ka mahina uttar bharat mean varsha rritu ka shuruati mahina hota hai, isaka sidha arth "varsha rritu ka ek din" hai.[2] mohan rakesh dvara rachit 'ashadh ka ek din' ek trikhandiy natak hai. isamean saphalata aur prem mean se ek ko chunane ke sanshay se joojhate kalidas, ek rachanakar aur ek adhunik manushy ke man ki paheliyoan ko rakha gaya hai. vahian prem mean tootakar bhi prem ko nahian tootane dene vali is natak ki nayika mallika ke roop mean hindi sahity ko ek n bhoolane vala yogy patr mila hai.
- kathan
'ashadh ka ek din' natak ke prakashan ke bad hindi natak aur rangamanch mean rakesh ji ne aur bhi kee mahattvapoorn kary kie. ve apane natak 'ashadh ka ek din' ki bhoomika mean kahate hai ki "hindi rangamanch ki hindi bhashi pradesh ki saanskritik poortiyoan aur akaankshaoan ka pratinidhitv karana hoga, rangoan aur rashiyoan ke vivek ko vyakt karana hoga hamare dainadin jivan ke ragarang ko prastut karane ke lie hamare sanvedoan aur spadannoan ko abhivyakt karane ke lie jis rangamanch ki avashyakata hai, vah pashchaty rangamanch se kahian bhinn hoga."[4] rakesh ji ko hindi mean naye rang natakoan ka purodha kaha ja sakata hai. unako natak ki bhasha vishay par kary karane ke lie 'neharoo failoship' prapt huee thi, kintu asamay mrityu ho jane ke karan yah kam poora nahian ho saka.
samakalin lekhak
mohan rakesh ne hindi natak ko nee zamin par kh da kar diya jo unhoanne svayan ne zamin talashi thi. unake poorvavarti prayogadharmi natyakaroan- lakshminarayan, jagadishachandr mathur, upendranath ashk, lakshminarayan lal, dharmavir bharati adi ne jis vishvajanin chetana ko agrasar kiya tha, usaka vikas kram mohan rakesh mean dekha ja sakata hai aur jinhean ham adhunik bhav bodh ka nam bhi de sakate haian. isamean hamane yatharthavad, prakritivad, pratikavad, abhivyaktivad, epik thiyetar ya atiyatharthavad ya asangatavad adi anek mat-matantaroan mean dekha hai.[4]
pramukh kritiyaan
mohan rakesh ne mukhyat: natak aur upanyas likhe. natak aur upanyas ke atirikt unhoanne kuchh sanskrit natakoan aur videshi upanyasoan ka anuvad bhi kiya. inaki mukhy rachanaean is prakar haian-
| upanyas | natak | kahani sangrah | nibandh sangrah | anuvad |
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samman aur puraskar
varsh 1968 mean mohan rakesh ko 'sangit natak akadami puraskar' se sammanit kiya gaya tha.
nidhan
hindi sahity jagath ko nee ooanchaee dene vale mohan rakesh ka 3 janavari, 1972 ko nee dilli mean akasmik nidhan hua.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 nayi kahani ke anoothe nayak mohan rakesh (hiandi) vikeeand taims. abhigaman tithi: 3 janavari, 2013.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 pratham adhunik hindi natak lekhak (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 02 janavari, 2012.
- ↑ mohan rakesh (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 11joon, 2011.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 hindi rangamanch ke agradoot mohan rakesh (hindi) vanmay hindi patrika. abhigaman tithi: 11joon, 2011.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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