मोहम्मद इक़बाल
mohammad iqabal
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| janm | 9 navambar, 1877 ee. |
| janm bhoomi | siyalakot, pakistan |
| mrityu | 21 aprail, 1938 ee. |
| abhibhavak | shekh noor mohammad (pita), imam bibi (mata) |
| pati/patni | tin patniyaan- karim bibi, saradar begam, mukhtar begam |
| santan | miraj begam (putri), afatab iqabal, javid iqabal (putr) |
| mukhy rachanaean | 'shikava' 1909 ee., 'siks lekchars aaun di rikansatrakshan aauf rilijas th aaut' |
| bhasha | hindi, aangrezi, farasi |
| prasiddhi | kavi aur rajanitijn |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
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mohammad iqabal (janm- 9 navambar, 1877, siyalakot, panjab, british bharat; mrityu- 21 aprail, 1938) ek adhunik bharatiy prasiddh musalaman kavi the. iqabal ne apani adhikaansh rachanaean farasi mean ki haian. "sare jahaan se achchha hindostaan hamara" yah mashahoor git iqabal ka hi likha hua hai. mohammad iqabal ka yah mat tha ki islam dharm roohani azadi ki jaddojahad ke jazbe ka alamabaradar hai, aur sabhi prakar ke dharmik anubhavoan ka nicho d hai. vah karmavirata ka ek jivant siddhant hai, jo jivan ko uddeshyapoorn banata hai.
mata-pita
mohammad iqabal ka janm british bharat ke samay panjab ke siyalakot (ab pakistan) mean hua tha. inake pita ka nam shekh noor mohammad tha, jo ki peshe se ek darji the. aupacharik roop se ye shikshit bhi nahian the, lekin svabhav se ye bahut hi dharmik vyakti the. iqabal ki mata ka nam imam bibi tha, jo bahut hi vinamr svabhav ki mahila thian. ye hamesha hi gariboan tatha apane p dosiyoan ki madad aur unaki samasyaoan ke samadhan ke lie tatpar rahati thian. 9 navambar, 1914 ee. ko imam bibi ko nidhan siyolakot mean ho gaya.
vivah tatha santan
mohammad iqabal ne tin vivah kiye the. inaka pratham vivah karim bibi ke sath hua, jo ek gujarati chikitsak khan bahadur ata mohammad khan ki putri thian. isase iqabal ek putri miraj begam aur putr afatab iqabal ke pita banean. isake bad iqabal ne doosara vivah saradar begam ke sath kiya, isase inhean putr javid iqabal ki prapti huee. disambar 1914 mean iqabal ne tisara vivah mukhtar begam ke sath kiya.
dooradarshi vyaktitv
iqabal briten aur jarmani mean padhane ke bad hindustani sarazamian par laute aye the. aj ke daur mean poore mulk mean bhrashtachar aur doosari mushkilat ko lekar jo avami jang chhi di huee hai, usaka aandesha iqabal ne pahale hi laga liya tha aur likha tha-
"vatan ki fikr kar nadaan, musibat ane vali hai
teri barabadiyoan ke charche haian asamanoan mean,
na sanbhaloge to mit jaoge e hiandostaan valoan
tumhari dastaan bhi n hogi dastanoan mean."
muslim rajy ka vichar
yoorop dhan aur satta ke lie pagal hai. islam hi ekamatr dharm hai, jo sachche jivan moolyoan ka nirman kar sakata hai aur anavarat sangharsh ke dvara prakriti ke oopar manushy ko vijayi bana sakata hai. unaki rachanaoan ne bharat ke musalaman yuvakoan mean yah bhavana bhar di ki, unaki ek prithakh bhoomika hai. iqabal ne hi sabase pahale 1930 ee. mean bharat ke siandh ke bhitar uttar-pashchim simaprant, baloochistan, siandh tatha kashmir ko milakar ek naya muslim rajy banane ka vichar rakha, jisane pakistan ko janm diya. pakistan shabd iqabal ka gadha hua nahian hai. ise 1933 ee. mean 'chaudhari rahamat ali' ne gadha tha. iqabal ki kavy pratibha se prabhavit hokar british sarakar ne inhean 'sar' ki upadhi pradan ki.
shayaroan ke vichar
mashahoor shayar 'manuvvar rana' ka kahana hai ki iqabal ke jehan mean hamesha vah hindustan tha, jo kisi sarahad mean nahian banta tha. vah kahate haian ki ‘jis tarah bhagat sianh ke hindustan mean poora hindustan shamil tha, usi tarah iqabal ke hindustan mean bhi poora hindustan shamil tha.’ doosari or any mashahoor shayar 'nida fazali' kahate haian ki iqabal bad mean pakistan ke hi himayati banakar rah gaye the. iqabal ki qabr par apane sansmaran ki yad karate hue vah kahate haian ki aj pakistan mean iqabal ko pooja jane laga hai aur log unaki qabr par akar duaean maangane lage haian. vah shayar kam aur pir zyada ban gaye haian. aisa kya hua ki jahaan ek or unhoanne likha ‘sare jahaan se achchha hindostaan hamara’ to vahian doosari or ek alag muslim rajy banane ka vichar bhi unhoanne hi rakha. vahaan unaka likha ‘lab pe ati hai dua banake tamanna meri’, kaumi tarana ban gaya.
rachanaean
muradabad ke shayar mansoor usmani kahate haian ki yah badakismati hai ki iqabal ko sirf musalaman shayar ki tarah dekha gaya. vah kahate haian ki iqabal sirf iansaniyat ke tarafadar the na ki kisi ek mulk ya mazahab ke. iqabal ne 1909 ee. mean ‘shikava’ ki rachana ki, jisamean unhoanne musalamanoan ke kharab arthik halat ki khuda se shikayat ki hai. inake dvara likhi geean rachanaean mukhy roop se farasi mean haian. inaki aangrezi mean keval ek pustak hai, jisaka shirshak hai, 'siks lekchars aaun di rikansatrakshan aauf rilijas th aaut (dharmik chintan ki navavyakhya ke sambandh mean chhah vyakhyan)' hai.
nidhan
mohammad iqabal ka nidhan 21 aprail, 1938 ee. ko hua.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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