यूनानी चिकित्सा पद्धति
yoonani chikitsa paddhati svasthy ke sanvardhan aur rog ke nivaran se sanbandhit susthapit jnan aur abhyas par adharit chikitsa vijnan hai. yah bahut samriddh aur samay par khari utari kuprabhav rahit upachar ki paddhati hai.
itihas
yadyapi yoonani paddhati ka udgam yoonan mean hua aisa mana jata hai, tatha yah paddhati bharat mean madhyakal me laee gee thi kintu, isaki vyapak svikaryata aur logoan dvara isake nirantar prayog ke karan kalaantar mean bharat ke lie svadeshi paddhati ho gee hai evan poore desh ke logo mean isaki badi maang hai. yah paddhati misr, arab, eeran, chin, siriya aur bharat ki prachin saanskritik paranparaoan, in rashtroan ke yuktiyukt vicharoan aur anubhavoan ke vilay se vikasit huee hai. isaka mool eesa poorv chauthi aur paanchavi shatabdi mean yoonan ke hippokehratash (377-460 eesa poorv) aur gelens ki shikshaoan mean hai.[1]
chikitsa paddhati
yoonani chikitsa paddhati prakritik roop se utpann mukhyatah vanaushadhiyoan ke prayog par jor deti hai, halaanki pashu, samudriy, khanij mool ke sanghatakoan ka upayog bhi kiya jata hai. svargiy hakim ajamal khaan ne yoonani chikitsa paddhati ko bharat mean sansthapit kiya hai aur yoonani tibb ko samajhane mean vijnan ke sath ekikaran aur upachar mean isake prayog ka samarthan kiya tha. unhoanne (asarol) ravolphiya sarpentain ki khoj ki jisane uchch rakt dab ke upachar mean apani prabhavakarita sthapit ki. yoonani chikitsa paddhati anusandhan prekshan evan anubhavoan ka prayog karate hue nishchit vidhi ka anusaran kar suvyavasthit tarike se chikitsa pradan karati hai aur rogoan ka nidan karati hai. yah chikitsa padvati shekh bu-ali sina (avi-sena, 980-1037ee.) ki al-kanoon jo chikisa baibal hai aur raji (850-923ee.) ke al havi mean pralekhit hai. upachar ki char paddhatiyaan haiah-
- aushadhi paddhati
- ahar paddhati
- rejimeantal paddhati
- shaly chikitsa
rejimeantal therepi yoonani chikitsa paddhati ki visheshata hai. ise ilaj-bid tadabir kaha jata hai. kuchh vishisht aur jatil rogoan ke lie isaki 12 upachar vidhiyaan hai. kapiang, jalauka, shira shalyakriya, svedan aur snan jaisi vidhiyaan aushadhi rahit upachar hai aur madhumeh, uchch raktachap, motapa, gathiya aur maigren adi ke upachar mean prabhavi hai.[1]
upachar ke aang
upachar ke tin aang hai. nivarak, sanvardhanatmak evan upacharatmak. yoonani chikitsa paddhati sandhivat, piliya, phaileriyasis, egjima, sainusaitis aur shvasani dama mean adhik prabhavakari hai. hriday rog ke upachar aur vyavastha mean isaki kshamata par anusandhan kiya ja raha hai. yoonani paddhati rog ke nivaran aur svasthy ke utthan ke lie chhah avashhyakataoan (asabab-e sitta-zarooriya) par jor deti hai. ye avashhyakataaian haiah- svachchh hava, jal aur santulit ahar, vyayam evan vishram, manasik kriyaean evan vishram, sona evan jagana, parityag aur dharan karana.[1]
adhunik yug mean mahattvata
adhunik yug mean bhi prachin yoonani chikitsa paddhati ka mahatv barakarar hai. yah vishv ki sabase purani upachar paddhatiyoan mean se ek hai, jisaki shuruat gris (yoonan) se huee. yoonani d aauktar banane ke lie 12vian ke bad chhatr biyooemes (B.U.M.S.) yani baichalar aph yoonani medisin aiand sarjari mean edamishan le sakate haian. sadhe paanch sal ke is kors mean vahi chhatr dakhila pa sakate haian, jinaka anivary vishay ke rup mean jiv vijnan aur urdoo raha hai. biyooemes ke bad chhatr em.di aur em.es. bhi kar sakate haian. lekin em.es. yani mastar aauph sarjan ki padhaee vartaman mean aligadh muslim vishvavidyalay mean hi hai.[2]
pravesh prakriya
biyooemes mean dakhile ke lie chhatroan ko pri yoonivarsiti test (piyooti) se gujarana padata hai, lekin uttar pradesh ke yoonani k aaulejoan mean kanbaiand pri medikal test (sipiemati) pariksha pas karane ke bad hi dakhila mil pata hai. barahavian mean achchhe aank prapt chhatr hi is pariksha mean baith sakate haian. sadhe paanch sal ke is kors mean ek sal iantarnaship karaya jata hai.[2]
biyooemes karane vale pramukh sansthan
- jamiya hamadard, nee dilli
- ayurved yoonani tibbi k aaulej, karolabag, nee dilli
- gavarnameant nijami tibbi k aaulej, charaminar, haidarabad, aandhr pradesh
- gavarnameant tibbi k aaulej, kadamakuaan, patana
- saphiya yoonani medikal k aaulej, darabhanga, bihar
- ajamal khan tibbi k aaulej, aligadh, uttar pradesh
- jamiya tibbiya devaband, saharanapur, devaband, uttar pradesh
- stet yoonani medikal k aaulej ilahabad, uttar pradesh
- tibbiya k aaulej aiand h aauspital, baitul aman, muanbee
- takamil utib kalej aiand h aauspital, lakhanoo, uttar pradesh
bharat mean yoonani chikitsa
yoonani chikitsa paddhati ka bharat mean ek lanba aur shanadar rikard raha hai. yah bharat mean araboan aur eeraniyoan dvara gyarahavian shatabdi ke asapas pesh ki gayi thi. jahaan tak yoonani chikitsa ka saval hai, aj bharat isaka upayog karane vale agrani deshoan mean se ek hai. yahaan yoonani shaikshik, anusandhan aur svasthy dekhabhal sansthanoan ki sabase b di sankhya hai. jaisa ki nam iangit karata hai, yoonani pranali ne yoonan mean janm liya. hippokrets dvara yoonani pranali ki nianv rakhi gee thi. is pranali ke maujooda svaroop ka shrey araboan ko jata hai jinhoanne n keval anuvad kar grik sahity ke adhikaansh hisse balki apane svayan ke yogadan ke sath rojamarra ki dava ko samriddh banaya. is prakriya mean unhoanne bhautiki vijnan, rasayan vijnan, vanaspati vijnan, enat aaumi, phijiyol aauji, paithol aauji, chikitsa aur sarjari ka vyapak istemal kiya.[3]
yoonani davaean
yoonani davaean un pahaluoan ko apanakar samriddh huee jo misr, siriya, irak, pharas, bharat, chin aur any madhy poorv ke deshoan mean paranparik davaoan ki samakalin pranaliyoan mean sabase achchhi thi. bharat mean yoonani chikitsa paddhati araboan dvara pesh ki gayi thi aur jald hi isane mazaboot j dean jama li. dilli ke sultanoan (shasakoan) ne yoonani pranali ke vidvanoan ko sanrakshan pradan kiya aur yahaan tak ki kuchh ko rajy karmachariyoan aur darabari chikitsakoan ke roop mean namaankit bhi kiya.[3]
british shasan ke dauran
bharat mean british shasan ke dauran is pranali ko ek ganbhir jhataka laga. elopaithik pranali shuroo ki gayi aur usane apane pair jama lie. isane dava ki yoonani pranali ke shiksha, anusandhan aur abhyas ko dhima kar diya. yoonani pranali ke sath-sath chikitsa ki sabhi paranparik pranaliyoan ko lagabhag do shatabdiyoan tak lagabhag poori tarah upeksha ka samana karana p da. rajy dvara sanrakshan vapas lene se am janata ko bahut adhik nukasan nahian hua kyoanki usane is pranali mean vishvas jataya aur isaka abhyas jari raha. british kal ke dauran mukhy roop se dilli mean shariphi khanadan, lakhanoo mean ajiji khanadan aur haidarabad ke nijam ke prayasoan ki vajah se yoonani chikitsa bach gayi.[3]
bharat ki azadi ke bad
azadi ke bad aushadhi ki bharatiy pranali ke sath-sath yoonani pranali ko rashtriy sarakar aur logoan ke sanrakshan ke tahat phir se badhava mila. bharat sarakar ne is pranali ke sarvaangin vikas ke lie kee kadam uthae. sarakar ne isaki shiksha aur prashikshan ko viniyamit karane aur badhava dene ke lie qanoon parit kie. sarakar ne in davaoan ke utpadan aur abhyas ke lie anusandhan sansthanoan, parikshan prayogashalaoan aur manakikrit niyamoan ki sthapana ki. aj apane manyata prapt chikitsakoan, aspataloan aur shaikshik evan anusandhan sansthanoan ke sath dava ki yoonani pranali, rashtriy svasthy dekhabhal pradan karane ki pranali ka ek abhinn hissa hai.[3]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh