रघुवीर सहाय

raghuvir sahay
raghuvir sahay|200px|center
poora nam	raghuvir sahay
janm	9 disanbar, 1929
janm bhoomi	lakhanoo, uttar pradesh
mrityu	30 disanbar, 1990
mrityu sthan	dilli
pati/patni	vimaleshvari sahay
karm bhoomi	bharat
karm-kshetr	lekhak, kavi, patrakar, sampadak, anuvadak
mukhy rachanaean	'log bhool gaye haian', 'atmahatya ke viruddh', 'hanso hanso jaldi hanso', 'sidhiyoan par dhoop mean' adi.
bhasha	hindi, aangrezi
vidyalay	lakhanoo vishvavidyalay
shiksha	em. e. (aangrezi sahity)
puraskar-upadhi	sahity akadami puraskar (log bhool ge haian)
nagarikata	bharatiy
any janakari	raghuvir sahay 'navabharat taims', dilli mean vishesh sanvadadata rahe. 'dinaman' patrika ke 1969 se 1982 tak pradhan sanpadak rahe. unhoanne 1982 se 1990 tak svatantr lekhan kiya.
inhean bhi dekhean	kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi

raghuvir sahay (aangrezi: Raghuvir Sahay, janm- 9 disanbar, 1929, lakhanoo; mrityu- 30 disanbar, 1990, dilli) ki ganana hiandi sahity ke un kaviyoan mean ki jati hai jinaki bhasha aur shilp mean patrakarita ka prabhav hota tha aur unaki rachanaoan mean am adami ki vyatha jhalakati thi. raghuvir sahay ek prabhavashali kavi hone ke sath hi sath kathakar, nibandh lekhak aur alochak the. vah prasiddh anuvadak aur patrakar bhi the. unhean varsh 1982 mean unaki pustak 'log bhool gaye haian' ke lie sahity akadami puraskar diya gaya. unaki any pustakean 'atmahatya ke viruddh', 'hanso hanso jaldi hanso' aur 'sidhiyoan par dhoop mean' bhi kafi charchit rahian. sahay ka sambandh us pidhi se tha jo svatantrata ke bad kafi sari akaankshaoan ke sath pali-badhi thi. sahay ne unhian akaankshaoan ko apani kavitaoan mean vyakt kiya hai. sahay ki ginati aise kaviyoan mean bhi ki jati hai jo prerana ke lie atit mean jhaankane ke bajay bhavishyonmukhi rahana pasand karate the.  

janm

raghuvir sahay ka janm 9 disanbar, 1929 ko lakhanoo mean hua. unhoanne 1955 mean vimaleshvari sahay se vivah kiya.

shiksha

raghuvir sahay 1951 mean 'lakhanoo vishvavidyalay' se aangrezi sahity mean em. e. kiya aur sahity srijan 1946 se prarambh kiya. aangrezi bhasha mean shiksha prapt karane par bhi unhoanne apana rachana sansar hiandi bhasha mean racha. 'navabharat taims ke sahayak sanpadak tatha 'dinaman saptahik ke sanpadak rahe. pashchath svatantr lekhan mean rat rahe. inhoanne prachur gady aur pady likhe haian. raghuvir sahay 'doosara saptak ke kaviyoan mean haian.

karyakshetr

raghuvir sahay dainik 'navajivan' mean upasanpadak aur saanskritik sanvadadata rahe. 'pratik' ke sahayak sanpadak, akashavani ke samachar vibhag mean upasanpadak, 'kalpana' tatha akashavani, mean vishesh sanvadadata rahe. 'navabharat taims', dilli mean vishesh sanvadadata rahe. samachar sanpadak, 'dinaman' mean rahe. raghuvir sahay 'dinaman' ke pradhan sanpadak 1969 se 1982 tak rahe. unhoanne 1982 se 1990 tak svatantr lekhan kiya.

rachana ke vishay

sahay ne apani kritiyoan mean un muddoan, vishayoan ko chhua jin par tab tak sahity jagath mean bahut kam likha gaya tha. unhoanne stri vimarsh ke bare mean likha, am adami ki pida zahir ki aur 36 kavitaoan ke apane sankalan ki pustak 'atmahatya ke viruddh' ke jarie dvandv ka chitran kiya. sahay ek bade aur lanbe samay tak yad rakhe jane vale kavi haian. unhoanne sahity mean aksar ajanabiyat aur akelepan ko lekar likhi jane vali kavitaoan se bhi pare jakar alag muddoan ko apani kritiyoan mean shamil kiya. sahay rajaniti par kataksh karane vale kavi the. moolat: unaki kavitaoan mean patrakarita ke tevar aur akhabari tajurba dikhaee deta tha. bhasha aur shilp ke mamale mean unaki kavitaean nagarjun ki yad dilati haian. ajney ki pustak 'doosara saptak' mean raghuvir sahay ki kavitaoan ko shamil kiya gaya. us daur mean tin nam shirsh par the - gajanan madhav muktibodh phantasi ke lie jane jate the, shamasher bahadur sianh shayari ke lie pahachan rakhate the, jabaki sahay apani bhasha aur shilp ke lie lokapriy the.

shaili

shabd bhandar ki drishti se raghuvir sahay ka chiantan, unaki rachanayean aur abhivyakti paksh kahaniyoan ke madhyam se sashakt banakar prakat hua hai. kathakar ne apani kahaniyoan ke madhyam se bhasha ka paramparik moh tyagakar saral aur bolachal ki bhasha, jo am adami ke samip hoti hai, ka upayog apani kahaniyoan mean bakhoobi kiya hai. raghuvir sahay ki kahaniyaan hamean yah sandesh deti hai ki bhasha ke vividh staroan ka yathochit upayog kaise kiya jaye. raghuvir sahay ne apani adhikatar kahaniyoan ki vishay-vastu ke roop mean rajaniti, rashtr, mahilaoan, shoshitoan, pi ditoan, samajik sambandhoan evan jan samasyaoan sambandhi vishayoan ki prakriti ko vishesh sthan diya hai. raghuvir sahay ki kahaniyoan mean motar, film, chik, bhookh, kuntha, roti se lekar jhop di, ag tatha sanskrit jaise shabdoan ka ullekh kiya gaya hai. atah nishkarsh ke roop mean kaha ja sakata hai ki raghuvir sahay ki kahaniyoan mean shabd bhandaroan ka athah sagar samahit hai.

muhavaroan ka prayog

raghuvir sahay ne apani kahaniyoan mean muhavaroan evan kahavatoan ka prayog kiya hai. sahity mean rochakata evan saundary vriddhi ke liye inaka bahut hi mahatv hai -

n nau man tel hoga n radha nachegi
adha titar adha bater
akela chana bha d nahian pho d sakata
'jivan mean mrityu nahian hoti
mrityu to mamatv ka doosara nam hai
sadaiv saty bolo
gaanvoan ka uj dana aur shaharoan ka ukh dana
gulami ke maje aur azadi ka bhay
nari shakti ki moortt moorti hai 
phool se phool ki shobha hai' adi muhavaroan ka suandar prayog kiya hai.

kahaniyoan mean sanvad yojana

raghuvir sahay ki kahaniyoan mean sanvad yojana samany batachit evan bhasha ki sampreshaniyata ke karan yatharth ka bodh karati haian. vijeta kahani ke ek udaharan dvara ise samajha ja sakata hai -

'maian sab thik kar dooanga, tum daro nahian.'
'tum kar hi kya sakate ho?' vah boli.
'kyoan, jab maian ek kam kar sakata hooan to doosara bhi kar sakata hooan. .......... tum ghabarati kyoan ho ? sirph tumhean tho di si takaliph hogi.'

• isi tarah raghuvir sahay ki ek kahani 'chalis ke bad prem' ka udaharan bhi diya ja sakata hai-
  

'shyamalal ji ne kaha billi hai.'
'apaki billi hai?' naujavan ne poochha.
shyamalal ne kaha - 'ji haan, meri billi hai.'
'puliya ke niche chali gee hai?'

• 'sima ke par ka adami' namak kahani mean sanvad yojana ko bhasha ki saralata ka ek udaharan dekha ja sakata hai-
  

'to kya apane un sabako bhookha-pyasa mar dala, yani bhookhe-pyase ko goli se mar dala?'
'nahian janab, akhir unako akal aee aur unhoanne samarpan kiya magar is shart par ki ham shart par ki ham unaki jan bakhsh deangean.'
'aur apane unaki jan bakhsh di?'
'ji haan, hamane unhean katl nahian kiya. ham unaki ijjat kar rahe the, kyoanki ve akhiri dam tak l de the.'

vaky vinyas

raghuvir sahay ne apani kahaniyoan mean vaky vinyas ke roodh niyamoan se apane ko door rakha. raghuvir sahay ne apane vaky vinyas ke madhyam se apani kahaniyoan ko ek naya ayam diya. halaanki unaki kahaniyaan vaiyaktik hone ke karan unhean poornataya samajh pana to kathin hai kintu samanyatah kaha ja sakata hai ki ve sabhi prayogoan ke liye sabhi prakar ke vakyoan ke prayog ko yogy manate hai. kisi drishy ko jab vah kramik bimboan ka roop dena chahate hai to unake vyakaran chihnoan ka prayog dvara lambe vakyoan ka prayog unhean uparyukt lagata hai. lagata hai jaise sab kuchh sahaj svabhavik roop se samane a raha hai. vastav mean unaka vishay usamean aee bhavana aur vicharadhara tatha use prakat karane ki atyant sankshipt vaky rachana bhi paryapt roop se dikhaee deti hai. jo dridh aur thandi bhangima se shakti pakar nagn yatharth ki bhayavahata tatha sanshlisht manav ragoan ki utkatata vyanjit karata hai. sachchidanand vatsyayan ajney ke anusar -

apane chhayavadi samavayaskoan ke bich bachchan ki bhasha jaise ek alag asvad rakhati thi aur shikharoan ke ki or n takakar shahar ke chauk ki or unmukti, usi prakar apane vibhinn matavadi samavayaskoan ke bich raghuvir sahay bhi chattan par chadh natakiy mudra mean baithane ka moh to d sadharan gharoan ki sidhiyoan par dhoop mean baithakar prasann hai. yah svasth bhav unaki kahaniyoan ko ek snigdh marmadarshita de deta hai. ja doan ke gham ki tarah tatkshanik garamaee bhi hai aur ek udar khulapan jisako ham de diye jate haian. jaise vaky vinyas alochy kahanikaroan ki kahaniyoan mean jagah-jagah dikhaee dete haian.

bhasha shaili

thumb|hanso hanso jaldi hanso (pustak ka avaran prishth)|250px raghuvir sahay ji ki bhasha ko gady aur pady mean vibhajit karana ek dushkar kary hai. vah paramparagat roop se arjit kiye gaye manak gady ko gady nahian rahane dete aur unaka pady-pady nahian rah jata. bhasha ko apane tarike se to dana shabdoan ko ne arth anushangoan se jo dana, vaky rachana mean vyakaran ke manakoan ki avahelana har kahian, unaki har vidha mean dekhi ja sakati hai. kahani ke ek anuchchhed ko agar panktiyoan mean vibhajit karake shabdoan ke kram ko jara idhar-udhar tuk de-tuk de karake likh diya jay to vah kavita ho jaega aur kavita ko gady ke dhara pravah roop mean sameant liya jay to vah kisi kahani ka anuchchhed ban jaega.

raghuvir sahay ji ki bhasha itani prayogatmak hai ki usane apani vidhatmak asmitaoan ko bisara diya hai. kahani ki bhasha kavita ke nikat aur kavita ki bhasha kahani ke nikat dikhaee deti hai, isilie raghuvir sahay ji ki un kahaniyoan mean jahaan zindagi apane poore qad mean vyakt huee hai, bhasha adhik thos, sarthak aur yatharth hai. jaise is kathatmak sookti mean ek sath hi kavita, kahani aur nibandh ki bhashaean simat geean haian - garibi aur giravat ka ek din hota hai, jab adami apane se jara mazaboot adami se darane lagata hai. isako log kartavy aur santulan kahate haian.

• kahaniyoan mean kavy bhasha ka prayog

'akash nil se dhoe bhige vasan ki bhaanti svachchh hai. sa di mean tanke sitaroan ki tarah tare jagamaga rahe haian. unamean n koee kram hai n koee shaili. uchchhriankhalata mean bhi kitana saundary hai.'

• muhavaredar bhasha ka prayog dekhiye -

'maianne socha bas magar ise hi kafi afasos ki bat honi chahie kyoanki ek to ga di vaise hi thachar-machar ho rahi thi, oopar se is nat ke gir jane se vah bilkul thap ho jaegi, kya kahavat hai vah garibi mean ata gila kitana dard hai is kahavat mean aur kitani sidhi chot hai. ata zaroorat se zyada gila ho gaya aur ab dukhiya grihini parat lie baithi hai use sukhane ko ata nahian hai. yani ata hai magar rotiyaan nahian pak sakati.'

• bhasha ka utkrisht roop -

'rookhe sookhe kesh kyoan bikhare haian ? saphed aankhe kyoan phati p d rahi haian ? chhati ki haddiyaan kyoan ubharati a rahi hai ? koee samajhega ? hai koee pi da ka marmajn ? vidanbana ka mahakavy likhane vala adi kavi kahaan hai ?'

kavi ya kathakar

raghuvir sahay ji pahale kavi the, bad mean kahanikar isalie unaki mool sanvedana kavi ki hai. jis prakar vah nitaant bhinn prakar ke kavi haian, usi prakar bhinn prakar ke kahanikar bhi the. raghuvir sahay ji ne apani kahaniyoan mean gady ko jagah-jagah to da hai aur ek ne kism ka gady likhane ki koshish ki hai. isamean unaki kahani ke gady ki bhasha adhik abhivyaktipoorn aur sarjanatmak ho gee hai. 'premika' kahani ki kuchh panktiyaan haian -

‘‘kya din the vah bhi ya vah bhi kya din the. ham donoan bhage hue the. ganimat yah thi ki kisi lakshy ko lekar nahian bhage the aur donoan ke do ghar mean jahaan rat ya din ke kisi samay ham laut ja sakate the. vah roj ghar se bhagate aur roj ghar ke logoan ke pas svikrit ho jate, yahaan tak ki apani b di bahan ke pas bhi jo usake aur mere prem mean sabase b di badha thi. skool ke raste se maian use roj u da le jata. sare din usake sath nirooddeshy khelakar use phir se vahian chho d ata jahaan se shuroo kiya tha.’’

raghuvir sahay sarvatha ne shilp aur nee bhasha mean kahaniyaan likhate hue kahani likhane ke apane b de uddeshy ko kabhi nahian bhoolate. ve apani kahaniyoan ke madhyam se pathakoan mean parivartan ki ichchha aur samarthy paida karana chahate haian. isilie apani kahaniyoan ke dvara unaki koshish ek sanpoorn manushy banane ki hoti hai. unhoanne apane aantim katha sangrah ka nam hi rakha tha, ‘jo adami ham bana rahe haian.’ is kahani sangrah ka samarpan vaky tha, kishor ko jo taroon ho rahe haian.’’ taroon ke roop mean nirmit ho rahe kishoroan se raghuvir sahay ji ka yah ju dav yoan hi nahian hai. ve janate haian ki taroon banate kishor ko ek aise adami ke roop mean asani se dhala ja sakata hai jo samata, nyay aur apane adhikaroan ke lie asani se jagarook ho. jo adami ham bana rahe haian ki bhoomika mean unhoanne in moolyoan se apani katha rachana ke rishte ko rekhaankit karane ka prayas kiya hai. spashtatah kahani ki rachana prakriya ki yah shaly kriya koee kora buddhi vilas ya khiland dapan nahian tha. rachana ko jivan ke kitane qarib lakar usaki saans ka spandan aur usaki ooshma ko anubhav kiya ja sakata hai ? akhir kitane qarib ? ‘mere aur nangi aurat ke bich’ isi ko vyakt karati kahani hai. jaise -

‘‘ham donoan phir amane-samane baithe hue the. is bar vah ghor ja de mean bina kisi doosare vastr ke thithuri huee ek stri thi aur maian apane kot ki garamaee mean lagabhag samaprirakt ek purush jisake hriday mean keval ek ichchha thi ya ki vah vichar tha ya bhavana thi nahian janata par jo kuchh thi vah ek bhi use odha dooan apana kambal, yah maianne, bad mean jana jab dekha ki apana kambal maian nahian odhe hooan. bad mean maianne yah bhi jana ki jis ichchha se samast sharir aur sanpoorn man ekakar ho gaya hai aur jo mere jivan ke sanpoorn anubhavoan mean se sanpoornatam hai vah svayan amar nahian hai jis kshan use karyaroop milega vah kshay ho jaegi. par mujhe vah amar karegi aur mukt rakhegi aur svayan mar jaegi, maianne santosh se kaha.’’

shaili

shamasher bahadur ke anusar raghuvir sahay ne bhi shaili ko vyaktitv ka aansh mana hai. vyaktitv ke sath hi shaili ka vikas hota hai. shaili ka vikas hote-hote vah din bhi ata hai ki bina nam muhar ke bhi lakhoan ke bich vyaktitv ki hi tarah shaili bhi ap se ap pahachani ja sakati hai. chhote-chhote vaky, chalate phirate muhavarean, saf sudhare shabd yahaan tak ki chhote se chhote pairagraph ko bhi uttam upadan mana hai. shaili abhyas khojati hai aur vyaktitv ke nirman ki tarah shaili ka nirman bhi prarambh se kuchh path pradarshan chahata hai. raghuvir sahay ki shaili par unake vyaktitv ki spasht chhap hai uparyukt gun unaki shaili mean mil jate hai. raghuvir sahay ki kahaniyoan mean vibhinn shailiyoan ke roop drishtigochar hote haian. bhavatmak shaili, kavyatmak shaili, vyangy vinod shaili, lakshanik shaili, pratikatmak shaili, atmakathatmak shaili, dayari shaili, chitratmak shaili, sansmaranatmak shaili, alankarik shaili, manovaijnanik shaili, khojapoorn shaili ityadi.

• varnanatmak shaili ka ek udaharan raghuvir sahay ki ek rachana mean dekha ja sakata hai -

‘‘barf s dakoan par phutapathoan par aur daravajoan ke samane dher bhi zyadatar saphed kahian-kahian dhool se maili magar kahian-kahian doodh se ujjval. maskva ki aur s dakoan ki tarah vah bhi chau di aur saf thi raddi ya kach da ka ek tuk da bhi us par nahian tha. phutapath par patrahin vrikshoan ke thaloan mean kali bhiangi mitti tak saf dikhati thi. hava mean dhool ka kahian nam tak nahian tha. skool se lautate l dake l dakiyaan saude ke bazar jati auratean aur naujavan purush phutapath par chalate huye ek ajanabi hindustani ko dekhane ke liye kshan bhar hi sir uthate, anyatha ve apane mean mast the.

• prakritik saundary ka varnan -

jaise phal pakata hai, poorab ki disha lal hone lagi aur phir prabhat hua. ret mean phansi huee nauka ki bhaanti pashchimi ka chaand udhar us kone mean adhe ujale akash mean dhansa hua tha.

• raghuvir sahay ki rachanaoan mean bhavatmak shaili ka ek udaharan dekha ja sakata hai. bhavatmak shaili raghuvir sahay ke natakoan, kahani, upanyas, yatra sahity adi sabhi vidhaoan mean dekhane ko mil jate haian.

rooddh svar pashchatap hai is prakar bhool manakar saral ramoo ki maan maian samajh gaya maian bhool kar raha tha. tum thik kahati ho maian kisi bhi varg samaj se nahian darooanga. maian to keval adami hooan jise jivit rahana hai. kyoanki usane jivit rahane ke liye hi janm liya hai. yadi maian svayan bhookh se mar jaooan to yah khud mere liye lajja ki bat hogi. phir mujh par tumhara jimma hai, utho, diya jalao, mujhe ghar mean aandhera achchha nahian lag raha hai.

shabd sanyojan

raghuvir sahay ne apani kahaniyoan mean deshi-videshi aur deshaj shabdoan ka prayog khulakar kiya hai. raghuvir sahay ki bhasha sadharan janasamooh dvara samajhe ja sakane vali hindi hai. vah usake sanskritanishth hone ko janata se alag kar diya samajhate hai. patrakar hone ke karan unaki bhasha lokabhasha hai janabhasha hai ya kahean ki akhabari bhasha hai. jisaka prayog apaki kahaniyoan mean sarvatr dikhaee p data hai. isaliye arabi evan pharasi ki shaili apaki bhasha mean ghul mil gee hai. apaki kahaniyoan mean hindi, aangreji, bangali tatha urdoo adi shabdoan ka prayog milata hai.

nidhan

raghuvir sahay ka nidhan 30 disanbar 1990 ko nee dilli mean hua.

prakashit rachanaean

kavita sangrah doosara saptak sidhiyoan par dhoop mean atmahatya ke viruddh hanso hanso jaldi hanso kuchh pate kuchh chitthiyaan ek samay tha

nibandh sangrah dilli mera parades likhane ka karan oobe hue sukhi ve aur nahian hoange jo mare jaeange bhanvar laharean aur tarang arthat

kahani sangrah rasta idhar se hai, jo adami ham bana rahe haian

samman

raghuvir sahay ko 1982 mean log bhool ge haian kavita sangrah par sahity akadami puraskar mila tha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• lanbe samay tak yad rakhe jane vale kavi
• raghuvir sahay ki pustakean
• raghuvir dayal tatha sarveshvar dayal saksena ki kahaniyoan mean abhivyanjana shilp

sanbandhit lekh

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