रबीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर
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rabindranath thakur
| |
| poora nam | rabindranath thakur |
| any nam | rabindranath taigor, gurudev |
| janm | 7 mee, 1861 |
| janm bhoomi | kalakatta, pashchim bangal |
| mrityu | 7 agast, 1941 |
| mrityu sthan | kalakatta, pashchim bangal |
| abhibhavak | deveandranath taigor aur sharada devi |
| pati/patni | mrinalini devi |
| karm bhoomi | pashchim bangal |
| karm-kshetr | sahity ki sabhi vidhaean |
| mukhy rachanaean | rashtr-gan jan gan man aur baangladesh ka rashtr-gan 'amar sonar baangla', 'gitaanjali', postamastar, mastar sahab, gora, ghare-baire adi. |
| vishay | sahity |
| bhasha | hindi, aangrezi, baangla |
| vidyalay | seant zeviyar skool, landan k aaulej vishvavidyalay |
| puraskar-upadhi | san 1913 ee. mean 'gitaanjali' ke lie nobel puraskar, naitahud (jaliyaanvala kaand ke virodh mean upadhi vapis ki) |
| vishesh yogadan | rashtr gan ke rachayita |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| any janakari | 1901 mean taigor ne pashchim bangal ke gramin kshetr mean sthit shaantiniketan mean ek prayogik vidyalay ki sthapana ki. jahaan unhoanne bharat aur pashchimi paranparaoan ke sarvashreshth ko milane ka prayas kiya. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
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rabindranath thakur athava rabiandranath taigor (aangrezi: Rabindranath Thakur, janm- 7 mee, 1861, kalakatta, pashchim bangal; mrityu- 7 agast, 1941, kalakatta) ek baangla kavi, kahanikar, gitakar, sangitakar, natakakar, nibandhakar aur chitrakar the. bharatiy sanskriti ke sarvashreshth roop se pashchimi deshoan ka parichay aur pashchimi deshoan ki sanskriti se bharat ka parichay karane mean taigor ki b di bhoomika rahi tatha amataur par unhean adhunik bharat ka asadharan srijanashil kalakar mana jata hai.
jivan parichay
rabindranath thakur ka janm 7 mee, 1861 kalakatta (vartaman kolakata) mean deveandranath taigor aur sharada devi ke putr ke roop mean ek sanpann baangla parivar mean hua tha. bahumukhi pratibha ke dhani shri taigor sahaj hi kala ke kee svaroopoan ki or akrisht hue jaise- sahity, kavita, nrity aur sangit. [[chitr:Shantiniketan-2.jpg|thumb|left|shaantiniketan, birabhoom, pashchim bangal]] duniya ki samakalin saanskritik rujhan se ve bhali-bhaanti avagat the. sath ke dashak ke uttarardh mean taigor ki chitrakala yatra shuroo huee. yah unake kavity sajagata ka vistar tha. halaanki unhean kala ki koee aupacharik shiksha nahian mili thi unhoanne ek sashakt evan sahaj drishy shabdakosh ka vikas kar liya tha. shri taigor ki is upalabdhi ke pichhe adhunik pashchaty, puratan evan baly kala jaise drishy kala ke vibhinn svaroopoan ki unaki gahari samajh thi.
shiksha
rabindranath taigor ki skool ki padhaee pratishthit seant zeviyar skool mean huee. taigor ne bairistar banane ki chahat mean 1878 mean ianglaiand ke brijaton pablik skool mean nam darj karaya. unhoanne landan k aaulej vishvavidyalay mean qanoon ka adhyayan kiya lekin 1880 mean bina digri hasil kie hi vapas a ge. rabindranath taigor ko bachapan se hi kavitaean aur kahaniyaan likhane ka shauq tha. unake pita devendranath thakur ek jane-mane samaj sudharak the. ve chahate the ki rabindr bade hokar bairistar banean. isalie unhoanne rabindr ko qanoon ki padhaee ke lie landan bheja. lekin rabindr ka man sahity mean hi ramata tha. unhean apane man ke bhavoan ko kagaz par utarana pasand tha. akhirakar, unake pita ne padhaee ke bich mean hi unhean vapas bharat bula liya aur un par ghar-parivar ki zimmedariyaan dal dian. rabindranath taigor ko prakriti se bahut pyar tha. ve gurudev ke nam se lokapriy the. bharat akar gurudev ne phir se likhane ka kam shuroo kiya.
rachanaean
rabindranath thakur ek baangla kavi, kahanikar, gitakar, sangitakar, natakakar, nibandhakar aur chitrakar the. jinhean 1913 mean sahity ke lie nobel puraskar pradan kiya gaya. taigor ne baangla sahity mean ne gady aur chhand tatha lokabhasha ke upayog ki shuruat ki aur is prakar shastriy sanskrit par adharit paranparik praroopoan se use mukti dilaee. dharm sudharak devendranath taigor ke putr rabiandranath ne bahut kam ayu mean kavy lekhan praranbh kar diya tha. 1870 ke dashak ke uttarardh mean vah ianglaiand mean adhyayan adhoora chho dakar bharat vapas laut ae. bharat mean rabiandranath taigor ne 1880 ke dashak mean kavitaoan ki anek pustakean prakashit ki tatha manasi (1890) ki rachana ki. yah sangrah unaki pratibha ki paripakvata ka parichayak hai. isamean unaki kuchh sarvashreshth kavitaean shamil haian, jinamean se kee baangla bhasha mean aparichit nee pady shailiyoan mean haian. sath hi isamean samasamayik bangaliyoan par kuchh samajik aur rajanitik vyangy bhi haian. ravindr nath taigor ki pratima|left|thumb do-do rashtraganoan ke rachayita ravindranath taigor ke paranparik dhaanche ke lekhak nahian the. ve ekamatr kavi haian, jinaki do rachanaean do deshoan ka rashtragan banian- bharat ka rashtr-gan jan gan man aur baangladesh ka rashtriy gan amar sonar baangla gurudev ki hi rachanaean haian. ve vaishvik samanata aur ekaantikata ke pakshadhar the. brahmasamaji hone ke bavazood unaka darshan ek akele vyakti ko samarpit raha. chahe unaki zyadatar rachanaean baangla mean likhi huee hoan. vah ek aise lok kavi the jinaka kendriy tattv aantim adami ki bhavanaoan ka parishkar karana tha. vah manushy matr ke spandan ke kavi the. ek aise kalakar jinaki ragoan mean shashvat prem ki gahari anubhooti hai, ek aisa natakakar jisake rangamanch par sirf 'trejadi' hi zianda nahian hai, manushy ki gahari jijivisha bhi hai. ek aisa kathakar jo apane as-pas se kathalok chunata hai, bunata hai, sirf isalie nahian ki ghanibhoot pi da ke avritti kare ya use hi anavrit kare, balki us kathalok mean vah adami ke aantim gantavy ki talash bhi karata hai.
sarvashreshth kahaniyaan
siyaladah aur shajadapur sthit apani khanadani jayadad ke prabandhan ke lie 1891 mean taigor ne 10 varsh tak poorvi bangal (vartaman baangala desh) mean rahe, vahaan vah aksar padma nadi (ganga nadi) par ek haus bot mean graminoan ke nikat sanpark mean rahate the aur un graminoan ki nirdhanata v pichh depan ke prati taigor ki sanvedana unaki bad ki rachanaoan ka mool svar bani. unaki sarvashreshth kahaniyaan, jinamean 'din-hinoan' ka jivan aur unake chhote-mote dukh' varnit haian, 1890 ke bad ki haian aur unaki marmikata mean halka sa vidanbana ka put hai. jo taigor ki niji visheshata hai tatha jise nirdeshak satyajit ray apani bad ki filmoan mean kushalatapoorvak pak d pae haian. thumb|rabindranath thakur stamp galpaguchchh ki tin jildoan mean unaki sari chaurasi kahaniyaan sangrahit haian, jinamean se keval das pratinidhi kahaniyaan chunana tedhi khir hai. 1891 se 1895 ke bich ka paanch varshoan ka samay ravindranath ki sadhana ka mahanh kal tha. ve apani kahaniyaan sabuj patr (hare patte) mean chhapate the. aj bhi pathakoan ko unaki kahaniyoan mean 'hare patte' aur 'hare gachh' mil sakate haian. unaki kahaniyoan mean soory, varsha, nadiyaan aur nadi kinare ke sarakande, varsha rritu ka akash, chhayadar gaanv, varsha se bhare anaj ke prasann khet milate haian. unake sadharan log kahani khatm hote-hote asadharan manushyoan mean badal jate haian. mahanta ki parakashtha chhoo ate haian. unaki mook pi da ki karuna hamare hriday ko abhibhoot kar leti hai.
unaki kahani postamastar is bat ka sajiv udaharan hai ki ek sachcha kalakar sadharan upakaranoan se kaisi adbhut srishti kar sakata hai. kahani mean keval do sajiv sadharan-se patr haian. bahut kam ghatanaoan se bhi ve apani kahani ka mahal kh da kar dete haian. ek chhoti l daki kaise b de-b de iansanoan ko apane sneh-pash mean baandh deti haian. 'qabulivala' bhi is bat ka jita-jagata udaharan hai. ravindranath ne pahali bar apani kahaniyoan mean sadharan ki mahima ka bakhan kiya. thumb|left|patni mrinalini ke sath rabindranath taigor ravindranath ki kahaniyoan mean apadh 'qabulivala' aur susanskrit bangali bhoot bhavanaoan mean ek saman haian. unaki qabulivala, mastar sahab aur 'postamastar' kahaniyaan aj bhi lokapriy kahaniyaan haian-lokapriy aur sarvashreshth bhi aur bani raheangi. unaki kahaniyaan sarvashreshth hote hue bhi lokapriy haian aur lokapriy hote hue bhi sarvashreshth haian.
apani kalpana ke patroan ke sath ravindranath ki adbhut sahanubhootipoorn ekatmakata aur usake chitran ka ativ sauandary unaki kahani ko sarvashreshth bana dete haian jise padhakar dravit hue bina nahian raha ja sakata. unaki kahaniyaan faulad ko mom banane ki kshamata rakhati haian.
atithi ka tarapad ravindranath ki avismaraniy srishtiyoan mean hai. isaka nayak kahian bandhakar nahian rah pata. ajivan 'atithi' hi rahata hai. kshudhit pashan, adhi rat mean (nishithe) tatha 'mastar sahab' prastut sangrah ki in tin kahaniyoan mean daivi tattv ka sparsh milata hai. inamean pahali 'kshudhit pashan' mean kalakar ki kalpana apane suandaratam roop mean vyakt huee hai. yahaan atit vartaman ke sath vartalap karata hai-rangin prabhamay atit ke sath niras vartaman. samaj mean mahilaoan ka sthan tatha nari jivan ki visheshataean unake lie ganbhir chianta ke vishay the aur is vishay mean bhi unhoanne gahari aantardrishti ka parichay diya hai.
sangit
rashhtragan (jan gan man) ke rachayita taigor ko bangal ke gramyaanchal se prem tha aur inamean bhi padma nadi unhean sabase adhik priy thi. jisaki chhavi unaki kavitaoan mean bar-bar ubharati hai. un varshoan mean unake kee kavita sangrah aur natak ae, jinamean sonar tari (1894; sunahari nav) tatha chitraangada (1892) ullekhaniy hai. vastav mean taigor ki kavitaoan ka anuvad lagabhag asanbhav hai aur baangla samaj ke sabhi vargoan mean aj tak janapriy unake 2,000 se adhik gitoan, jo 'rabiandr sangit' ke nam se jane jate haian, par bhi yah lagoo hota hai.
chitrakala
thumb|250px|rabindranath thakur sath ke dashak ke uttarardh mean taigor ki chitrakala yatra shuroo huee. yah unake kavity sajagata ka vistar tha. halaanki unhean kala ki koee aupacharik shiksha nahian mili thi unhoanne ek sashakt evan sahaj drishy shabdakosh ka vikas kar liya tha. shri taigor ki is upalabdhi ke pichhe adhunik pashchaty, puratan evan baly kala jaise drishy kala ke vibhinn svaroopoan ki unaki gahari samajh thi. ek avachetan prakriya ke roop mean aranbh taigor ki paandulipiyoan mean ubharati aur mitati rekhaean khas svaroop lene lagian. dhire-dhire taigor ne kee chitroan ko ukera jinamean kee behad kalpanik evan vichitr janavaroan, mukhautoan, rahasyamayi manaviy cheharoan, goodh bhoo-paridrishyoan, chi diyoan evan phooloan ke chitr the. unaki kritiyoan mean phantasi, layatmakata evan jivantata ka adbhut sangam dikhata hai. kalpana ki shakti ne unaki kala ko jo vichitrata pradan ki usaki vyakhya shabdoan mean sanbhav nahian hai. kabhi-kabhi to ye aprakritik roop se rahasyamayi aur kuchh dhuandhali yad dilate haian. takaniki roop mean taigor ne sarjanatmak svatantrata ka anand liya. unake pas kee udvelit karane vale vishay the jinako lekar beshak kainavas par rangin roshanaee se lipa-puta chitr banane mean bhi unhean hichak nahian huee. roshanaee se bane unake chitr mean ek svachchhandata dikhati hai jisake tahat koochi, kap da, ruee ke phahoan, aur yahaan tak ki aanguliyoan ke bakhoobi istemal kie ge haian. taigor ke lie kala manushy ko duniya se jo dane ka madhyam hai. adhunikavadi hone ke nate taigor vishesh kar kala ke kshetr mean poori tarah samakalin the.
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yits dvara anuvad |
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shaantiniketan
[[chitr:Shantiniketan-1.jpg|thumb|shaantiniketan, birabhoom, pashchim bangal]] 1901 mean taigor ne pashchim bangal ke gramin kshetr mean sthit shaantiniketan mean ek prayogik vidyalay ki sthapana ki. jahaan unhoanne bharat aur pashchimi paranparaoan ke sarvashreshth ko milane ka prayas kiya. vah vidyalay mean hi sthayi roop se rahane lage aur 1921 mean yah vishv bharati vishvavidyalay ban gaya. 1902 tatha 1907 ke bich unaki patni tatha do bachchoan ki mrityu se upaja gahara du:kh unaki bad ki kavitaoan mean parilakshit hota hai, jo pashchimi jagath mean gitaanjali, saang aaufariangs (1912) ke roop mean pahuancha. shaanti niketan mean unaka jo samman samaroh hua tha usaka sachitr samachar bhi kuchh british samachar patroan mean chhapa tha. 1908 mean kolakata mean hue kaangres adhiveshan ke sabhapati aur bad mean briten ke pratham lebar pradhanamantri remje mekdonald 1914 mean ek din ke lie shaanti niketan ge the. unhoanne shaanti niketan ke sanbandh mean parliyameant ke ek lebar sadasy ke roop mean jo kuchh kaha vah bhi british samachar patroan mean chhapa. unhoanne shaanti niketan ke sanbandh mean sarakari niti ki bhartsana karate hue is bat par chianta vyakt ki thi ki shaanti niketan ko sarakari sahayata milana band ho gee hai. pulis ki blek list mean usaka nam a gaya hai aur vahaan padhane vale chhatroan ke mata-pita ko dhamaki bhare patr mil rahe haian. par british samachar patr barabar ravindranath thakur ke is prakar prashansak nahian rahe.
briten mean gurudev
ravindranath thakur 1878 se lekar 1930 ke bich sat bar ianglaiand ge. 1878 aur 1890 ki unaki pahali do yatraoan ke sanbandh mean briten ke samachar patroan mean kuchh bhi nahian chhapa kyoanki tab tak unhean vah khyati nahian mili thi ki unaki or kisi videshi samachar patr ka dhyan jata. us samay to ve ek vidyarthi hi the.
pahali pustak ka prakashan
jab ve tisari bar 1912 mean landan ge tab tak unaki kavitaoan ki pahali pustak ka aangrezi mean anuvad prakashit ho chuka tha, at: unaki or briten ke samachar patroan ka dhyan gaya. unaki yah tisari briten yatra vastut: unake prashansak evan mitr brijendranath sil ke sujhav evan anurodh par ki gee thi aur is yatra ke adhar par pahali bar vahaan ke pramukh samachar patr 'd taims' mean unake samman mean di gee ek parti ka samachar chhapa jisamean briten ke kee pramukh sahityakar yatha dablyoo.bi.yits, ech.ji.vels, je.di. endarasan aur dablyoo.robensatain adi upasthit the. thumb|left|vaijnanik aanisatin ke sath rabindranath taigor isake kuchh din bad 'd taims' mean hi unake kavy ki prashansa mean tin pairagraph lamba ek samachar bhi chhapa aur phir unaki mrityu ke samay tak briten ke samachar patroan mean unake jivan aur krititv ke sanbandh mean kuchh-n-kuchh barabar hi chhapata raha. is pustak se yah bhi pata chalata hai ki kis prakar paramparagat roop se bharat virodhi samachar patr unake sanbandh mean chuppi hi lagae rahe par nishpaksh aur bharat ke prati sahanubhooti rakhane vale samachar patroan ne b di udarata se unake sanbandh mean samachar, lekh adi prakashit kie. udaharanat: briten ke kattar rudhivadi kanjaravetiv samachar patr 'deli teligraph' ne unhean nobel puraskar milane ki soochana tak prakashit karana uchit nahian samajha jabaki us din ke any sabhi samachar patroan mean is soochana ke sath hi puraskrit kriti 'gitaanjali' ke sanbandh mean vahaan ke samikshakoan ki sammati bhi prakashit huee.
gitaanjali ka aangrezi anuvad
'gitaanjali' ka aangrezi anuvad prakashit hone ke ek saptah ke aandar landan se prakashit hone vale prasiddh saptahik 'taims litareri saplimeant' mean usaki samiksha prakashit huee thi aur bad mean agami tin mah ke aandar tin samachar patroan mean bhi usaki samiksha prakashit huee. ravindranath thakur ko nobel puraskar milane ke sanbandh mean british samachar patroan mean mishrit pratikriya huee. is sanbandh mean 'd taims' ne likha tha ki 'svidish ekedemi' ke is apratyashit nirnay par kuchh samachar patroan mean ashchary vyakt kiya gaya hai' par is patr ke st aaukahom sthit sanvadadata ne apane dispech mean likha tha ki svidan ke pramukh kaviyoan aur lekhakoan ne svidish kameti ke sadasyoan ki haisiyat se nobel kameti ke is nirnay par poorn santosh vyakt kiya hai. isi sanbandh mean briten ke pratishthit samachar patr 'menchestar gardiyan' ne likha tha ki ravindranath taigor ko nobel puraskar milane ki soochana par kuchh logoan ko ashchary avashy hua par asantosh nahian. taigor ek pratibhashali kavi haian. bad mean 'd kerasent moon' ki samiksha karate hue ek samachar patr ne likha tha ki is bangali (yani ravindranath thakur) ka aangrezi bhasha par jaisa adhikar hai vaisa bahut kam aangrezoan ka hota hai.
jaliyaanvala kaand ki nianda
1919 mean hue jaliyaanvala kaand ki jab ravindranath thakur ne nianda ki to british samachar patroan ka rukh ekaek badal gaya. ravindranath thakur ne jaliyaanvala kand ke virodh svaroop apana 'sar' ka khitab lautate hue vaisaray ko jo patr likha vah bhi british samachar patroan ne chhapana uchit nahian samajha. par l aaurd mantegyoo ne parliyameant mean jab ghoshana ki ki 'sar ravindranath ko diya gaya khitab vapis nahian liya gaya hai' to yah samachar british samachar patroan mean avashy chhapa. 'deli teligraph' ne to vyangyapoorvak yah bhi likha ki ravindranath thakur ke aangrezi prakashak mekamilans unake nam ke sath abhi bhi 'sar' chhap rahe haian. 1941 mean ravindranath thakur ki mrityu par british samachar patroan ne jo kuchh likha usase jan p data hai mano unake sir par se ek bahut b da bhari bojh hat gaya hai. ek samachar patr ne unake mrityu lekh mean likha ki ravindranath thakur ko is bat ke lie manane ki koshish ki gee thi ki ve apane 'sar' ke khitab ko vapis karane ke nirnay par punarvichar karean. [[chitr:Shantiniketan-3.jpg|thumb|shaantiniketan, birabhoom, pashchim bangal|left]] 'd taims' ne haus aauf k aaumans ki karravaee ka ullekh karate hue likha ki aandar sekretari f aaur iandiya ne yah mana tha ki unaki pustak 'roos ke patr' ke anuvad mean ek poore parichchhed mean tathyoan ko janaboojhakar to da-maro da gaya tha jisase bharat mean british shasan ki nianda ho. is prakar tathyoan ko to de-maro de jane aur tarah-tarah ke aropoan ke bavazood adhikaansh samachar patroan mean ravindranath thakur ke sanbandh mean pray: prashansatmak lekh hi chhapate rahe. 1921 mean chhape ek samachar se pata chalata hai ki ravindranath thakur ki landan se peris ki pahali havaee yatra ka poora kharch chekoslavakiya ki sarakar ne diya tha.
janasanhar ki pratikriyaean
rabindranath thakur ne is hatyakand ke mukhar virodh kiya aur virodh svaroop apani 'naitahud' ki upadhi ko vapas kar diya tha. azadi ka sapana aisi bhayavah ghatana ke bad bhi past nahian hua. is ghatana ke bad azadi hasil karane ki ichchha aur zor se uphan p di. yadyapi un dinoan sanchar ke sadhan kam the, phir bhi yah samachar poore desh mean ag ki tarah phail gaya. 'azadi ka sapana' panjab hi nahian, poore desh ke bachche-bachche ke sir par chadh kar bolane laga. us dauran hazaroan bharatiyoan ne jaliyaanvala bag ki mitti se mathe par tilak lagakar desh ko azad karane ka dridh sankalp liya. [[chitr:Gandhi-Tagore.jpg|rabindranath taigor aur mahatma gaandhi|thumb|250px]]
samman
taigor ke gitaanjali (1910) samet baangla kavy sangrahalayoan se li gee kavitaoan ke aangrezi gadyanuvad ki is pustak ki dablyoo.bi.yits aur aandre jid ne prashansa ki aur isake lie taigor ko 1913 mean nobel puraskar pradan kiya gaya.
videshi yatra
1912 mean taigor ne lanbi avadhi bharat se bahar bitaee, vah yoorop, amerika aur poorvi eshiya ke deshoan mean vyakhyan dete v kavy path karate rahe aur bharat ki svatantrata ke mukhar pravakta ban ge. halaanki taigor ke upanyas unaki kavitaoan aur kahaniyoan jaise asadharan nahian haian, lekin vah bhi ullekhaniy hai. inamean sabase zyada lokapriy hai gora (1990) aur ghare-baire (1916; ghar aur bahar), 1920 ke dashak ke uttarardh mean taigor ne chitrakari shuroo ki aur kuchh ऎse chitr banae, jinhoanne unhean samakalin agrani bharatiy kalakaroan mean sthapit kar diya.
mrityu
bharat ke rashtragan ke prasiddh rachayita rabindranath thakur ki mrityu 7 agast, 1941 ko kalakatta mean huee thi.
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bahari k diyaan
- rabindranath taigor ki pustakean
- yahoo jagaran
- akshar parv
- rashtriy adhunik kala sangrahalay
- rabindranath thakur vidiyo
sanbandhit lekh
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