रसखान
rasakhan
| |
| janm | sanh 1533 se 1558 bich (lagabhag) |
| janm bhoomi | pihani (uttar pradesh) |
| karm bhoomi | mahavan (mathura) |
| karm-kshetr | krishna bhakti kavy |
| vishay | sagun krishnabhakti |
| bhasha | sadharan braj bhasha |
| vishesh yogadan | prakriti varnan, krishnabhakti |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
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[[chitr:raskhan-2.jpg|rasakhan ke dohe mahavan, mathura
Raskhan Couplets, Mahavan, Mathura|thumb|250px]]
hindi sahity mean krishna bhakt tatha ritikalin kaviyoan mean rasakhan ka mahatvapoorn sthan hai. 'rasakhan' ko ras ki khan kaha jata hai. inake kavy mean bhakti, shrrigaanr ras donoan pradhanata se milate haian. rasakhan krishna bhakt haian aur prabhu ke sagun aur nirgun nirakar roop ke prati shraddhalu haian. rasakhan ke sagun krishna lilaean karate haian. yatha- balalila, rasalila, phagalila, kuanjalila adi. unhoanne apane kavy ki simit paridhi mean in asimit lilaoan ka bahut sookshm varnan kiya hai. bharatendu harishchandr ne jin muslim haribhaktoan ke liye kaha tha, "in musalaman harijanan par kotin hindoo varie" unamean "rasakhan" ka nam sarvopari hai. saiyyad ibrahim "rasakhan" ka janm upalabdh srotoan ke anusar sanh 1533 se 1558 ke bich kabhi hua hoga. akabar ka rajyakal 1556-1605 hai, ye lagabhag akabar ke samakalin haian. janmasthan 'pihani' kuchh logoan ke matanusar dilli ke samip hai. kuchh aur logoan ke matanusar yah 'pihani' uttarapradesh ke haradoee zile mean hai. mrityu ke bare mean koee pramanik tathy nahian milate haian. rasakhan ne bhagavat ka anuvad farasi mean bhi kiya.
| manush hauan to vahi rasakhani basauan gokul gaanv ke gvalan. |
| jo pasu hauan to kaha basu mero charauan nit nand ki dhenu manjharan. |
| pahan hauan to vahi giri ko jo dharayau kar chhatr purandar dharan. |
| jo khag hauan basero karauan mil kalindi-kool-kadamb ki daran.. |
baly varnan
| dhoori bhare ati shobhit shyam joo, taisi bani sir sundar choti. |
| khelat khat phiraian aangana, pag paianjaniya kati piri kachhauti.. |
| va chhavi ko rasakhan vilokat, varat kam kalanidhi koti. |
| kag ke bhag kaha kahie hari hath soan le gayo makhan roti.. |
vyaktitv
abraham jarj griyarsan ne likha hai saiyad ibrahim upanam rasakhan kavi, haradoee zile ke aantargat pihani ke rahane vale, janm kal 1573 ee॰. yah pahale musalaman the. bad mean vaishnav hokar braj mean rahane lage the. inaka varnan 'bhaktamal' mean hai. inake ek shishy kadir bakhsh hue. vistar se padhane ke lie jaean-
kala paksh
kavi ne kahian chamatkar lane ke lie alankaroan ko barabas thooansane ki cheshta nahian ki hai. bhav aur ras ke pravah par bhi usaki drishti kendrit rahi hai. bhavoan aur rasoan ki abhivyakti ko utkrisht banane ke lie hi alankaroan ki yojana ki gee hai. uchit sthan par alankaroan ka grahan kiya gaya hai. unhean door tak khianchane ka vyarth prayas nahian kiya gaya hai. auchity ke anusar thik sthan par unaka tyag kar diya gaya hai. rasakhan dvara prayukt alankar apane 'alankar' nam ko sarthak karate haian. shabdalankaroan mean anupras aur arthalankaroan mean upama, utpreksha evan roopak ki nibandhana mean kavi ne vishesh roochi dikhaee hai. b di kushalata ke sath unaka sannivesh kiya hai, unhean is vidhan mean poorn saphalata mili hai. alankaroan ki sundar yojana se unaki kavita ka kala-paksh nissandeh nikhar aya hai. vistar se padhane ke lie jaean-
bhav paksh
is prakar rasakhan ke kavy mean chh: sthayi bhavoan ki nibandhana milati hai- rati, nirved, utsah, has, vatsaly aur bhakti. yah bat dhyan dene yogy hai ki unhoanne paranparaprathita char sthayi bhavoan ko hi gaurav diya hai, jinamean anyatam bhav rati ka hai. krodh, jugupta, vismay, shok aur bhay ki upeksha ka mool karan yah pratit hota hai ki in bhavoan ka rati se mel nahian hai. rasakhan premi jiv the, atev unhoanne apani kavita mean tin prakar ke rati bhavoan ki rati, vatsaly aur bhakti ki vyanjana ki; jo bhav inamean vishesh sahayak ho sakate the unhean yathasthan abhivyakti kiya. doosara karan yah bhi hai ki unaki rachana muktak hai; atev prabandh kavy ki bhaanti usamean sabhi prakar ke bhavoan ka sannivesh avashyak bhi nahian hai. vistar se padhane ke lie jaean-
[[chitr:raskhan-3.jpg|rasakhan ki samadhi mahavan, mathura
Raskhan's Grave, Mahavan, Mathura|thumb|250px]]
ras sanyojan
rasakhan ne bhaktiras ke anek pad likhe haian, tathapi unake kavyoan mean bhaktiras ki pradhanata nahian hai. ve pramukh roop se shrriangar ke kavi haian. unaka shrriangar krishna ki lilaoan par ashrit hai. atev samany pathak ko yah bhraanti ho sakati hai ki unake adhikaansh pad bhakti ras ki abhivyakti karate haian. shastriy drishti se jin padoan ke dvara pathak ke man mean sthit eeshvar vishayak-ratibhav rasata nahian prapt karata, un padoan ko bhakti ras vyanjak manana tark sangat nahian hai. isamean sandeh nahian ki rasakhan bhakt the aur unhoanne apani rachanaoan mean bhajaniy krishna ka saras roop se niroopan kiya hai. vistar se padhane ke lie jaean-
bhakti bhavana
hindi-sahity ka bhakti-yug (sanvath 1375 se 1700 vi0 tak) hindi ka svarn yug mana jata hai. is yug mean hindi ke anek mahakaviyoan –vidyapati, kabiradas, malik muhammad jayasi, sooradas, nandadas, tulasidas, keshavadas, rasakhan adi ne apani anoothi kavy-rachanaoan se sahity ke bhandar ko sampann kiya. is yug mean satrahavian shatabdi ka sthan bhakti-kavy ki drishti se mahatvapoorn hai. sooradas, mirabaee, tulasidas, rasakhan adi ki rachanaoan ne is shatabdi ke gaurav ko badha diya hai. bhakti ka jo aandolan dakshin se chala vah hindi-sahity ke bhaktikal tak sare bharat mean vyapt ho chuka tha. usaki vibhinn dharaean uttar bharat mean phail chuki thian. darshan, dharm tatha sahity ke sabhi kshetroan mean usaka gahara prabhav tha. ek or saanpradayik bhakti ka jor tha, anek tirthasthan, mandir, math aur akha de usake kendr the. doosari or aise bhi bhakt the jo kisi bhi tarah ki saanpradayik halachal se door rah kar bhakti mean lin rahana pasand karate the. rasakhan isi prakar ke bhakt the. ve svachchhand bhakti ke premi the. vistar se padhane ke lie jaean-
bhasha
solahavian shatabdi mean brajabhasha sahityik asan par pratishthit ho chuki thi. bhakt-kavi sooradas ise sarvadeshik kavy bhasha bana chuke the. kintu unaki shakti bhasha saushthav ki apeksha bhav dyotan mean adhik rami. isilie baboo jagannath das ratnakar brajabhasha ka vyakaran banate samay rasakhan, bihari lal aur ghananand ke kavyadhyayan ko sooradas se adhik mahattv dete haian. bihari ki vyavastha kuchh k di tatha bhasha parimarjit evan sahityik hai. ghananand mean bhasha-saundary unaki 'lakshana' ke karan mana jata hai. rasakhan ki bhasha ki visheshata usaki svabhavikata hai. unhoanne brajabhasha ke sath khilava d n kar usake madhur, sahaj evan svabhavik roop ko apanaya. sath hi bolachal ke shabdoan ko sahityik shabdavali ke vikat lane ka saphal prayas kiya. vistar se padhane ke lie jaean-
darshan
ab prashn yah uthata hai ki jab ve bhakt the aur unaki rachana bhakti pradhan hai to usaka koee darshan bhi avashy hoga. jahaan alochak ki janakari ke lie niyamoan ki shrriankhala mean koee vastu nahian bandhati, vahaan use svachchhand kah diya jata hai. par vastav mean aisi bat nahian. pratyek kary ka mool karan avashy rahata hai. mishr ji ne ek bat bar-bar kahi hai ki rasakhan mean videshipan ki jhalak avashy dikhair p dati hai. yah premamargi bhakt the. laukik paksh mean inaka virah farasi kavy ki vandana se prabhavit hai, alaukik paksh mean soophiyoan ki premapir se. age kahate haian svachchhand kaviyoan ne prem ki pir soophi kaviyoan se hi li hai isamean koee sandeh nahian. vistar se padhane ke lie jaean-
prakriti varnan
manas aur usako dharan karane vale sharir ko tatha manushy ke nirman bhag ko chhodakar any samast chetan aur achetan srishti-prasar ko prakriti svikar kiya jata hai. vyavaharik roop se to jitani manavetar srishti hai usako ham prakriti kahate haian kintu darshanik drishti se hamara sharir aur man usaki jnanendriyaan, man, buddhi, chitt, ahankar adi sookshm tattv prakriti ke aantarbhoot haian. kavy mean prakriti chitran har kal mean milata hai. sanskrit kavy se lekar adhunik kavy tak mean prakriti ke darshan hote haian. yah svabhavik bhi hai. manav adhyayan bhale hi kavy ka mukhy vishay mana gaya ho kintu prakriti ke sahachary bina manav ki cheshtaean aur manodashaean bhavahin-si hone lagati haian. yamuna tat, vanshivat, kadanb ke vriksh aur braj ke van bag-t dag-bina nat nagar krishna ki samast lilaean shoony evan niras-si pratit hoti haian. at: prakriti ke abhav mean kisi suandar kavy ki kalpana kuchh adhoori-si hi pratit hoti hai. kavy mean prakriti chitran bhinn-bhinn roopoan mean milata hai. rasakhan ke kavy mean prakriti ki chhata tin roopoan mean drishtigochar hoti hai. vistar se padhane ke lie jaean-
sambandhit liank
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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