रामचरितमानस

ramacharitamanas
ramacharitamanas|150px|center
kavi	gosvami tulasidas
mool shirshak	ramacharitamanas
mukhy patr	ram, sita, lakshman, hanuman, ravan, bharat, shatrughn
prakashak	gita pres gorakhapur
desh	bharat
bhasha	avadhi
shaili	chaupaee aur doha
vishay	charit-kavy
prakar	prabandh kavy
bhag	kul sat kandoan mean vibhajit
mukhaprishth rachana	sajild
sanbandhit lekh	dohavali, kavitavali, gitavali, vinay patrika, hanuman chalisa

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ramacharitamanas (aangrezi:Ramcharitmanas) tulasidas ki sabase pramukh kriti hai. isaki rachana sanvat 1631 ee. ki ramanavami ko ayodhya mean prarambh huee thi kintu isaka kuchh aansh kashi (varanasi) mean bhi nirmit hua tha, yah isake kishkindha kand ke prarambh mean ane vale ek sorathe se nikalati hai, usamean kashi sevan ka ullekh hai. isaki samapti sanvat 1633 ee. ki margashirsh, shukl 5, ravivar ko huee thi kintu ukt tithi ganana se shuddh nahian thaharati, isalie vishvasaniy nahian kahi ja sakati. yah rachana avadhi boli mean likhi gayi hai. isake mukhy chhand chaupaee aur doha haian, bich-bich mean kuchh any prakar ke bhi chhandoan ka prayog hua hai. pray: 8 ya adhik arddhaliyoan ke bad doha hota hai aur in dohoan ke sath k davak sankhya di gayi hai. is prakar ke samast k davakoan ki sankhya 1074 hai.

vishesh not- sampoorn ramacharitamanas padhean

ramacharitamanas charit-kavy

'ramacharitamanas' ek charit-kavy hai, jisamean ram ka sampoorn jivan-charit varnit hua hai. isamean 'charit' aur 'kavy' donoan ke gun saman roop se milate haian. is kavy ke charitanayak kavi ke aradhy bhi haian, isalie vah 'charit' aur 'kavy' hone ke sath-sath kavi ki bhakti ka pratik bhi hai. rachana ke in tinoan roopoan mean usaka vivaran is prakar hai-

sankshipt katha

'ramacharitamanas' ki katha sankshep mean is prakar hai-
dakshoan se lanka ko jitakar rakshasaraj ravan vahaan rajy karane laga. usake anacharoan-atyacharoan se prithvi trast ho gayi aur vah devataoan ki sharan mean gayi. in sab ne milakar hari ki stuti ki, jisake uttar mean akashavani huee ki hari dasharath-kaushalya ke putr ram ke roop mean ayodhya mean avatar grahan kareange aur rakshasoan ka nash kar bhoomi-bhar haran kareange. is ashvasan ke anusar chaitr ke shukl paksh ki navami ko hari ne kaushalya ke putr ke roop mean avatar dharan kiya. dasharath ki do raniyaan aur thian- kaikeyi aur sumitra. unase dasharath ke tin aur putroan-bharat, lakshman aur shatrughn ne janm grahan kiya. thumb|left|gosvami tulasidas

vishvamitr ke ashram mean ram

is samay rakshasoan ka atyachar uttar bharat mean bhi kuchh kshetroan mean prarambh ho gaya tha, jisake karan muni vishvamitr yajn nahian kar pa rahe the. unhean jab yah jnat hua ki dasharath ke putr ram ke roop mean hari avatarit hue haian, ve ayodhya aye aur jab ram balak hi the, unhoanne rakshasoan ke daman ke lie dasharath se ram ki yachana ki. ram tatha lakshman ki sahayata se unhoanne apana yajn poora kiya. in upadravakari rakshasoan mean se ek subahu tha, jo mara gaya aur doosara marich tha, jo ram ke banoan se ahat hokar sau yojan ki doori par samudr ke par chala gaya. jis samay ram-lakshman vishvamitr ke ashram mean rah rahe the, mithila mean dhanuryajn ka ayojan kiya gaya tha, jisake lie muni ko nimantran prapt hua. at: muni ram-lakshman ko lekar mithila gaye. mithila ke raja janak ne desh-videsh ke samast rajaoan ko apani putri sita ke svayanvar hetu amantrit kiya tha. ravan aur banasur jaise balashali rakshas naresh bhi is amantran par vahaan gaye the kintu apane ko is kary ke lie asamarth manakar laut chuke the. doosare rajaoan ne sammilit hokar bhi ise to dane ka prayatn kiya, kintu ve akrit kary rahe. ram ne ise sahaj hi to d diya aur sita ka varan kiya. vivah ke avasar par ayodhya nimantran bheja gaya. dasharath apane shesh putroan ke sath barat lekar mithila aye aur vivah ke anantar apane charoan putroan ko lekar ayodhya laute.

kaikeyi aur kopabhavan

dasharath ki avastha dhire-dhire dhalane lagi thi, isalie unhoanne ram ko apana yuvaraj pad dena chaha. sanyog se is samay kaikeyi-putr bharat sumitra-putr shatrughn ke sath nanihal gaye hue the. kaikeyi ki ek dasi manthara ko jab yah samachar jnat hua, usane kaikeyi ko sunaya. pahale to kaikeyi ne yah kahakar usaka anumodan kiya ki pita ke anek putroan mean se jyeshth putr hi rajy ka adhikari hota hai, yah usake rajakul ki parampara hai kintu manthara ke yah sujhane par ki bharat ki anupasthiti mean jo yah ayojan kiya ja raha hai, usamean koee durabhi-sandhi hai, kaikeyi ne us ayojan ko viphal banane ka nishchay kiya aur kop bhavan mean chali gayi. tadanantar usane dasharath se, unake manane par, do var dene ke lie vachan; ek se ram ke lie 14 varshoan ka vanavas aur doosare se bharat ke lie yuvaraj pad maang liye. inamean se pratham vachan ke anusar ram ne van ke lie prasthan kiya to unake sath sita aur lakshman ne bhi van ke lie prasthan kiya.
kuchh hi dinoan bad jab dasharath ne ram ke virah mean sharir tyag diya, bharat nanihal se bulaye gaye aur unhean ayodhya ka sianhasan diya gaya, kintu bharat ne use svikar nahian kiya aur ve ram ko vapas lane ke lie chitrakoot ja pahuanche, jahaan us samay ram nivas kar rahe the kintu ram ne lautana svikar n kiya. bharat ke anurodh par unhoanne apani charan-padukaean unhean de dian, jinhean ayodhya lakar bharat ne sianhasan par rakha aur ve rajy ka kary dekhane lage. chitrakoot se chalakar ram dakshin ke jangaloan ki or badhe. jab ve panchavati mean nivas kar rahe the ravan ki ek bhagini shoorpanakha ek manohar roop dharan kar vahaan ayi aur ram ke saundary par mugdh hokar unase vivah ka prastav kiya. ram ne jab ise asvikar kiya to usane apana bhayankar roop prakat kiya. yah dekhakar ram ke sanketoan se lakshman ne usake nak-kan kat liye. is prakar kuroop ki huee shoorpanakha apane bhaiyoan-khar aur dooshan ke pas gayi aur unhean ram se yuddh karane ko prerit kiya. khar-dooshan ne apani sena lekar ram par akraman kar diya kintu ve apani samast sena ke sath yuddh mean mare gaye. tadanantar shoorpanakha ravan ke pas gayi aur usane use sari ghatana sunayi. ravan ne marich ki sahayata se, jise vishvamitr ke ashram mean ram ne yuddh mean ahat kiya tha, sita ka haran kiya, jisake parinamasvaroop ram ko ravan se yuddh karana p da.

ram aur ravan yuddh

is paristhiti mean ram ne kishkindha ke vanaroan ki sahayata li aur ravan par akraman kar diya. is akraman ke sath ravan ka bhaee vibhishan bhi akar ram ke sath ho gaya. ram ne aangad nam ke vanar ko ravan ke pas doot ke roop mean antim bar savadhan karane ke lie bheja ki vah sita ko lauta de, kintu ravan ne apane abhiman ke bal se ise svikar nahian kiya aur ram tatha ravan ke daloan mean yuddh chhi d gaya. us mahayuddh mean ravan tatha usake bandhu-bandhav mare gaye. tadanantar lanka ka rajy usake bhaee vibhishan ko dekar sita ko sath lekar ram aur lakshman ayodhya vapas aye. ram ka rajyabhishek kiya gaya aur dirghakal tak unhoanne prajaranjan karate hue shasan kiya. is mool katha ke poorv 'ramacharitamanas' mean ravan ke kuchh poorvabhavoan ki tatha ram ke kuchh poorvavarti avataroan ki kathaean haian, jo sankshep mean di gayi hai. katha ke ant mean garu d aur kag bhushundi ka ek vistrit sanvad hai, jisamean anek prakar ke adhyatmik vishayoan ka vivechan hua hai. katha ke prarambh hone ke poorv shiv-charitr, shiv-parvati sanvad, yajnavalaky-bharadvaj sanvad tatha kag bhushundi-garu d sanvad ke roop mean katha ki bhoomikaean haian. aur unake bhi poorv kavi ki bhoomika aur prastavana hai. ramacharitamanas|thumb|left 'charit' ki drishti se yah rachana paryapt saphal huee hai. isamean ram ke jivan ki samast ghatanaean avashyak vistar ke sath ek poorvakar ki kathaoan se lekar ram ke rajy-varnan tak kavi ne koee bhi prasangik katha rachana mean nahian ane di hai. is sambandh mean yadi valmikiy tatha any adhikatar ram-katha granthoan se 'ramacharitamanas' ki tulana ki jay to tulasidas ki visheshata pramanit hogi. any ramakatha granthoan mean bich-bich mean kuchh prasangik kathaean dekhakar anek kshepakakaroan ne 'ramacharitamanas' mean prakshipt prasang rakhe aur kathaean milayian, kintu ram-katha ke pathakoan ne unhean svikar nahian kiya aur ve rachana ko mool roop mean hi padhate aur usaka parayan karate haian. charit-kavyoan ki ek b di visheshata unaki sahaj aur prayasahin shaili mani gayi hai, aur is drishti se 'manas' ek atyant saphal charit hai. rachana bhar mean tulasidas ne kahian bhi apana kavy kaushal, apana pandity, apani bahujnata adi ke pradarshan ka koee prayas nahian kiya hai. sarvatr ve apane varny vishay mean itane tanmay rahe haian ki unhean apana dhyan nahian raha. rachana ko padhakar aisa lagata hai ki ram ke charit ne hi unhean vah vani pradan ki hai, jisake dvara ve sundar kriti ka nirman kar sake.

utkrisht mahakavy

'kavy' ki drishti se 'ramacharitamanas' ek ati utkrisht mahakavy hai. bharatiy sahity-shastr mean 'mahakavy' ke jitane lakshan diye gaye haian, ve usamean poorn roop se paye jate haian.

• katha-prabandh ka sargabaddh hona ,
• uchchakul sambhoot dhirodatt nayak ka hona,
• shrriangar, shant aur vir rasoan mean se kisi ek ka usaka lakshy hona adi sabhi lakshan usamean milate haian. pashchaty sahityalochan mean 'ipik' ki jo vibhinn avashyakataean batalayi gayi haian, yatha- usaki katha ka kisi gauravapoorn atit se sambaddh hona, atiprakrit shaktiyoan ka usaki katha mean bhag lena, katha ke ant mean kinhian adarshoan ki vijay ka chitrit hona adi, sabhi 'ramacharitamanas' mean paee jati haian. is prakar kisi bhi drishti se dekha jay to 'ramacharitamanas' ek atyant utkrisht mahakavy thaharata hai. mukhyat: yahi karan hai ki sansar ki mahanh kritiyoan mean ise bhi sthan mila hai.

ramacharitamanas mean chhandoan ki sankhya

ramacharitamanas mean vividh chhandoan ki sankhya nimnavat hai-

• chaupaee – 9388
• doha – 1172
• soratha –87
• shlok – 47 (anushtuph, shardoolavikridit, vasantatilaka, vanshasth, upajati, pramanika, malini, sragdhara, rathoddhata, bhujangaprayat, totak)
• chhand – 208 (harigitika, chaupaiya, tribhangi, tomar)
• kul 10902 (chaupaee, doha, soratha, shlok, chhand)

tulasidas ki bhakti

tulasidas ki bhakti ki abhivyakti bhi isamean atyant vishad roop mean huee hai. apane aradhy ke sambandh mean unhoanne 'ramacharitamanas' aur vinay-patrika' mean anek bar kaha hai ki unake ram ka charitr hi aisa hai ki jo ek bar use sun leta hai, vah anayas unaka bhakt ho jata hai. vastav mean tulasidas ne apane aradhy ke charitr ki aisi hi kalpana ki hai. yahi karan hai ki isane samast uttari bharat par sadiyoan se apana adbhut prabhav dal rakha hai aur yahaan ke adhyatmik jivan ka nirman kiya hai. ghar-ghar mean 'ramacharitamanas' ka path pichhali sadhe tin shatabdiyoan se barabar hota a raha hai. aur ise ek dharm granth ke roop mean dekha jata hai. isake adhar par gaanv-gaanv mean prativarsh ramalilaoan ka bhi ayojan kiya jata hai. phalat: jaisa videshi vidvanoan ne bhi svikar kiya hai. uttari bharat ka yah sabase lokapriy granth hai aur isane jivan ke samast kshetroan mean uchchashayata lane mean saphalata prapt ki hai.

lokapriy granth

yahaan par svabhavat: yah prashn uthata hai ki tulasidas ne ram tatha unake bhaktoan ke charitr mean aisi kaun-si vilakshanata upasthit ki hai, jisase unaki is kriti ko itani adhik lokapriyata prapt huee hai. tulasidas ki is rachana mean anek durlabh gun haian kintu kadachit apane jis mahanh gun ke karan isane yah asadharan samman prapt kiya hai, vah hai aisi manavata ki kalpana, jisamean udarata, kshama, tyag, nivairata, dhairy aur sahanashilata adi samajik shivatv ke gun apani parakashtha ke sath milate hoan aur phir bhi jo avyavaharik n hoan. 'ramacharitamanas' ke sarvapramukh charitr-ram, bharat, sita adi isi prakar ke haian. udaharan ke lie ram aur kaushalya ke charitroan ko dekhate haian-

• 'valmiki ramayan' mean ram jab vanavas ka du:sanvad sunane kaushalya ke pas ate haian, ve kahate haian: 'devi, ap janati nahian haian, apake lie, sita ke lie aur lakshman ke lie b da bhay aya hai, isase ap log du:khi hoange. ab maian dandakarany ja raha hooan, isase ap log dukhi hoange. bhojan ke nimitt baithane ke lie rakhe gaye is asan se mujhe kya karana hai? ab mere lie kusha asan chahiye, asan nahian. nirjan van mean chaudah varsho tak nivas karooanga. ab maian kand mool phal se jivika chalaooanga. maharaj yuvaraj ka pad bharat ko de rahe haian aur tapasvi vesh mean mujhe arany bhej rahe hai' .
• 'adhyatm ramayan' mean ram ne is prasang mean kaha hai, 'mata mujhe bhojan karane ka samay nahian hai, kyoanki aj mere lie yah samay shighr hi dandakarany jane ke lie nishchit kiya gaya hai. mere saty-pratijn pita ne mata kaikeyi ko var dekar bharat ko rajy aur mujhe ati uttam vanavas diya. vahaan muni vesh mean chaudah varsh rahakar maian shighr hi laut aooanga, ap kisi prakar ki chinta n karean.'
• 'ramacharitamanas' mean yah prasang is prakar hai-

"matri vachan suni ati anukoola. janu saneh surataroo ke phoola..

sukh makarand bhare shriy moola. nirakhi ram man bhanvaroo n bhoola..

dharam dhurin dharam gani jani. kaheu matri san amrit vani..

pita dinh mohian kanan rajoo. jahan sab bhaanti mor b d kajoo..

ayasu dehi mudit man mata. jehian mud mangal kanan jata..

jani saneh bas darapati more. abahuan amb anugrah tore..'

tulanatmak adhyayan

yahaan par darshaniy yah hai ki tulasidas 'valmiki-ramayan' ke ram ko grahan n kar 'adhyatm ramayan' ke ram ko grahan kiya hai. valmiki ke ram mean bharat ki or se apane snehi svajanoan ke sambandh mean jo anisht ki ashanka hai, vah 'adhyatm ramayan' ke ram mean nahian rah gayi hai aur tulasidas ke ram mean bhi nahian ane payi hai kintu isi prasang mean pita ki ajna ke prati lakshman ke vidroh ke shabdoan ko sunakar ram ne sansar ki anityata aur dehadi se atma ki bhinnata ka ek lamba upadesh diya hai, jis par unhoanne mata se nity vichar karane ke lie anurodh kiya hai, 'he mat:! tum bhi mere is kathan par nity vichar karana aur mere phir milane ki pratiksha karati rahana. tumhean adhik kal tak du:kh n hoga. karm-bandhan mean bandhe hue jivoan ka sada ek hi sath rahana-sahana nahian hua karata, jaise nadi ke pravah mean p dakar bahati huee doangiyaan sada sath-sath hi nahian chalati'. [[chitr:Ramacharitmansa.jpg|thumb|300px|tulasidas ji bhagavan ram, lakshman aur hanuman ji ko ramacharitamanas ka path sunate hue.|right]]

vyavaharikata

tulasidas is adhyatmavad ki duhaee n dekar apane adarshavad ko avyavaharik hone se bacha lete haian. ve ram ko ek dharm-nishth nayak ke roop mean hi chitrit karate haian, jo pita ki ajna ka palan karana apana ek param punit kartavy samajhata hai, isalie unhoanne kaha hai:

'dharam dhurin dharam gatijani.
kaheu matu san ati mridu bani..'

doosara prasang

vanavas ke du:kh sanvad ko jab ram sita ko sunane jate haian,

• 'valmikiy ramayan' mean ve kahate haian: "maian nirjan van mean jane ke lie prastut hua hooan aur tumase milane ke lie yahaan aya hooan. tum bharat ke samane meri prashansa n karana, kyoanki samriddhivan log doosaroan ki stuti nahian sah sakate, isalie bharat ke samane tum mere gunoan ka varnan n karana. bharat ke ane par tum mujhe shreshth n batalana, aisa karana bharat ke pratikool acharan kaha jayega aur anukool rahakar hi bharat ke pas rahana sambhav ho sakata hai. paramparagat rajy raja ne bharat ko hi diya hai: tumako chahiye ki tum use prasann rakho, kyoanki vah raja hai"
• 'adhyatm ramayan' mean is prasang mean ram ne itana hi kaha hai, he shubhe! maian shighr hi usaka prabandh karane ke lie vahaan jaooanga. maian aj hi van ko ja raha hooan. tum apani sasoo ke pas jakar unaki seva-shushrusha mean raho. maian jhooth nahian bolata....he anaghe! maharaj ne prasannatapoorvak kaikayi ko var dekar bharat ko rajy aur mujhe vanavas diya hai. devi kaikeyi ne bharat ko rajy aur mujhe vanavas diya haian. devi kaikeyi ne mere lie chaudah varsh tak van mean rahana maanga tha, so satyavadi dayalu maharaj ne dena svikar kar liya hai. at: he bhamini! maian vahaan shighr hi jaooanga, tum isamean kisi prakar ka vighn n kh da karana.
• 'ramacharitamanas' mean is prakar sita se vida lene gaye hue ram nahian dikhalaye jate haian, isamean sita svayan kaushalya ke pas us samay vanavas ka samachar sunakar a jati haian, jab ram kaushalya se van gaman ki ajna lene ke lie ate haian aur sita ki ram ke sath van jane ki ichchha samajhakar kaushalya hi ram se unaki ichchha ka nivedan karati haian. 'adhyatm ramayan' mean hi bharat ke prati kisi prakar ki ashanka aur sandeh ke bhav ram ke man mean nahian chitrit kiye gaye, 'ramacharitamanas' mean bhi ram ke usi udar vyaktitv ko aankit kiya gaya hai.

bharat prem

tulasidas ram ke charitr mean bharat prem ka ek adbhut vikas karate haian, jo any ram-katha granthoan mean nahian milata. udaharanarth-

• chitrakoot mean ram ke rahan-sahan ka varnan karate hue ve kahate hai-

"jab-jab ram avadh sudhi karahian. tab-tab bari bilochan bharahian.
sumiri matu pitu parijan bhaee. bharat saneh sil sevakaee.
kripasindhu prabhu hohian dukhari. dhiraj dharahian kusamay bichari॥'

• bharat ke agaman ka samachar sunakar lakshman jab ram ke anisht ki ashanka se unake viruddh uttejit ho uthate haian, ram kahate haian-

'kahian tat tumh niti sunaee. sabatean kathin rajamad bhaee॥
jo aanchavat matahian nripateee. nahiann sadhu samajihian seee॥
sunahu lashan bhal bharat sarikha. vidhi prapanch mahan suna n disha॥
bharatahian hoee n raj mad, vidhi harihar pad pai. kabahuan ki kaanji sikarani chhir sindhu binasai॥
timir taroon tarinihi maku gilee. gagan magan maku meghahi milee॥
gopad jal boo dati ghat joni. sahaj kshama baroo chha di chhoni॥
masak phooank maku meroo u daee. hoi n nrip pad bharatahi bhaee॥
lashan tumhar sapath pitu ana. suchi subandhu nahian bharat samana॥
sagun kshir avagun jal tata. mili rachi parapanch vidhata॥
bharat hans ravi bans t daga. janami linh gun shesh vibhaga॥
gahi gun pay taji avagun bari. nij jas jagat kinh ujiyari॥
kahat bharat sun sil subhaoo. prem payodhi magan raghuraoo॥"

• chitrakoot mean bharat ki vinay sunane ke lie kiye gaye vashishth ke kathan par ram kah uthate haian-

"guru anurag bharat par dekhi. ram hriday anand viseshi॥
bharatahian dharam dhurandhar jani.. nij sevak tan manas bani॥
bole guru ayasu anukoola. bachan manju mridu mangal moola॥
nath sapath pitu charan dohaee. bhayu n bhuvan bharat san bhaee॥
jo guru par aanbuj anuragi. te lok hooan vedahuan b d bhagi॥
lakhi laghu bandhu buddhi sakuchaee. karat badan par bharat b daee॥
bharat kahahian soi kiye bhalaee. as kahi ram rahe aragaee॥"

ye tinoan vistar maulik haian aur 'ramacharitamanas' ke poorv kisi ram-katha granth mean nahian milate. bharat ke prati ram ke prem ka yah vikas tulasidas ki visheshata hai aur poore 'ramacharitamanas' mean unhoanne isaka nirvah bhali bhaanti kiya hai. bharat nanihal se lautate haian to kaushalya se unase milane ke lie dau d p dati haian aur unake stanoan se doodh ki dhara bahane lagati hai. ram-mata ka yah chitr 'adhyatm ramayan' mean bhi nahian hai, yadyapi usamean bharat ke prati kausalya ki vah sankirn-hridayata bhi nahian hai, jo 'valmiki ramayan' mean payi jati hai. 'valmiki-ramayan' mean to kaushalya bharat se kahati haian, 'yah shatruhin rajy tum ko mila, tumane rajy chaha aur vah tumhean mila. kaikeyi ne b de hi nindit karm ke dvara is rajy ko raja se paya hai.. dhan-dhany se yukt hathi, gho doan aur rathoan se poorn yah vishal rajy kaikeyi ne raja se lekar tumako de diya hai." is prakar anek kathor vachanoan se kaushalya ne bharat ka tiraskar kiya, jinase ve ghav mean suee chhedane ke saman pi da se dukhi hue.

ramacharitamanas ki lokapriyata

isi prakar bharat, sita, kaikeyi aur katha ke any pramukh patroan mean bhi tulasidas ne aise sudhar kiye haian ki ve sarvatha tulasidas ke ho gaye haian. in charitroan mean manavata ka jo nishkalush kintu vyavaharik roop prastut kiya gaya hai, vah n keval tatkalin sahity mean nahian aya, tulasi ke poorv ram-sahity mean bhi nahian dikhaee p da. kadachit isalie tulasidas ke 'ramacharitamanas' ne vah lokapriyata prapt ki, jo tab se aj tak kisi any kriti ko nahian prapt ho saki. bhavishy mean bhi isaki lokapriyata mean adhik antar n ayega, dridhatapoorvak yah kahana to kisi ke lie bhi asambhav hoga kintu jis samay tak manav jati adarshoan aur jivan-moolyoan mean vishvas rakhegi, 'ramacharitamanas' ko sammanapoorvak smaran kiya jata rahega, yah kahane ke lie kadachit kisi bhavishyat-vakta ki avashyakata nahian hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• shri ramacharitamanas
• shriramacharitamanas

sanbandhit lekh

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