रामस्वामी वेंकटरमण
ramasvami veankataraman
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| poora nam | ramasvami veankataraman |
| any nam | ar. veankataraman |
| janm | 4 disambar, 1910 |
| janm bhoomi | madras |
| mrityu | 27 janavari, 2009 |
| mrityu sthan | nee dilli |
| abhibhavak | ramasvami ayyar (pita) |
| pati/patni | janaki devi |
| santan | tin betiyaan (padma, lakshmi evan vijaya) |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| parti | bharatiy rashtriy kaangres |
| pad | uparashtrapati aur bharat ke athavean rashtrapati |
| kary kal | 25 julaee, 1987 se 25 julaee, 1992 tak |
| shiksha | el.el.bi, snatakottar (arthashastr) |
| vidyalay | madras vishvavidyalay, madras |
| puraskar-upadhi | soviyat laiand puraskar aur kee akadami puraskar |
| vishesh yogadan | veankataraman tamilanadu ki audyagik kranti ke shilpakar mane jate haian. inhoanne hi tatkalin mukhyamantri ke. kamaraj ko prerit kiya tha ki udyogoan ka rashtriyakaran kiya jae, taki tamilanadu bharat ki audyogik hasti ban sake. |
| any janakari | inhoanne ek pustak 'maee presideanshiyal eeyars' shirshak se likhi. is pustak mean inhoanne apane rashtrapatitv kal ke paanch varsh ki ghatanaoan ka vistrit vivaran prastut kiya hai. |
| bahari k diyaan | adhikarik vebasait |
ar. veankataraman athava ramasvami veankataraman (aangrezi: Ramaswamy Venkataraman) (janm- 4 disambar, 1910, madras - mrityu- 27 janavari, 2009 nee dilli) bharat ke athavean rashtrapati the. isake poorv uparashtrapati pad bhi inake hi pas tha. yah 77 varsh ki umr mean rashtrapati bane. isase poorv uparashtrapati se rashtrapati banane vale d aauktar radhakrishnan, d aauktar zakir husain aur vi.vi. giri hi the. inaka kram chautha raha. unhoanne 25 julaee, 1987 ko rashtrapati pad ki shapath grahan ki. yah ek sanyog tha ki 35 varsh poorv jab desh ke pratham rashtrapati rajendr prasad ne shapath grahan ki thi, tab shri veankataraman bhi rashtrapati bhavan ke usi kaksh mean maujood the. us samay kisane socha tha ki 35 varsh bad is itihas ko doharane vala vyakti bhi us gh di vahian maujood hai.
jivan parichay
janm
ramasvami veankataraman ka janm 4 disambar, 1910 ko rajaradam gaanv mean hua tha, jo madras[1] ke tanjavur zile mean p data hai. ab yah tamilanadu ke nam se jana jata hai. inake pita ka nam ramasvami ayyar tha. inake pita tanjavur zile mean vakalat ka pesha karate the.
vidyarthi jivan
ramasvami veankataraman ki prathamik shiksha tanjavur mean sampann huee. isake bad unhoanne any parikshaean bhi saphalatapoorvak uttirn kian. tatpashchath unhoanne arthashastr mean snatakottar ki upadhi madras vishvavidyalay, madras se prapt ki. shiksha prapti ke bad inake samane do vikalp the - british hukoomat ki naukari karean athava svatantr roop se vakalat karean. inhoanne doosara vikalp chuna aur 1935 ee. mean madras uchch nyayalay mean namaankan karava liya. yah aangrezoan ke das banakar unaki gulami nahian karana chahate the.
dampaty jivan
shri ramasvami veankataraman ka vivah 1938 ee. mean janaki devi ke sath sampann hua. inaka parivarik jivan bhara-poora raha hai. inhean tin putriyoan tatha ek putr ki prapti huee. inaki tin betiyaan kramash: padma, lakshmi evan vijaya haian. lekin putr ke sambandh mean veankataraman ko durbhagyashali kaha ja sakata hai. inake putr ki 17 varsh ki ayu mean mrityu ho gee thi. yah parivar ke lie ek b di trasadi thi aur is shok se mukt ho pana asan nahian tha. vakt ke panje jo ghav dete haian, vah vakt ke maraham se hi bhar jate haian. lekin kuchh jakhmoan ke nishan amit rahate haian. putr ki maut bhi aisa hi jakhm tha.
vyavasayik jivan
vidhi vyavasay mean svayan ko sthapit karane vale ramasvami veankataraman apratim pratibha ke dhani the. inaki pratibha ko pradarshit karane ke lie hatya ke ek mukadamean ko udaharan svaroop pesh kiya ja raha hai. vastut: tamilanadu ke yuva l dakoan ke jhund ne avesh mean akar ek british adhikari ki hatya kar di thi. un yuvaoan ko phaansi ki saza sunaee gee thi. si. rajagopalachari unaki kam umr ko adhar banakar phaansi ki saza bakhshavane ke lie apil kar chuke the, lekin unhean saphalata nahian prapt huee thi.
phaansi ki saza ka din bhi nirdharit kar diya gaya. lekin ramasvami veankataraman ne british vakil ki sahayata se ianglaind ki punarikshan kauansil ke samaksh prarthana pesh karane mean saphalata prapt kar li. chooanki mamala ianglaind ki privi kauansil ke samaksh vicharadhin tha, is karan bharat sarakar apane vidhik adeshoan ki poorti nahian kar sakati thi, lihaza saza par rok laga di gee. us samay si. rajagopalachari bharat ke shreshthatam vakiloan mean se ek the aur vah bhi aisa nahian kar paye the. tab si. rajagopalachari ne ramasvami veankataraman ki prashansa ki thi. inhean 1946 mean bharat sarakar dvara vakiloan ke us painal mean bhi sthan diya gaya, jo malaya aur siangapur mean subhash chandr bos evan bharatiy svatantrata sainaniyoan ke bachav hetu niyukt kiya gaya tha. in svatantrata sainaniyoan par yah arop tha ki unhoanne donoan sthanoan par japaniyoan ki madad ki thi. isase yah sabit ho jata hai ki veankataraman kafi pratibhashali the.
gariboan ke sahayak evan mitr
kushal vakil hone ke atirikt vah tred yooniyan mean bhi sakriy roop se bhag lete the. tamilanadu mean log inhean shram evan qanoon ke dohare jnata ke roop mean janate haian. vahaan ke logoan ka yah bhi manana tha ki ramasvami veankataraman gariboan ke sahayak evan mitr haian. vah kee yooniyanoan ke sath gahare se ju de hue the. krishi kary karane vale vyaktiyoan, riyasat ke karmachariyoan, bandaragah karmiyoan, relave karmachariyoan aur karyashil patrakaroan ki yooniyan ke sath bhi inake atmiy sambandh the.
rajanitik jivan
tanjavur zile ki krishi dashaoan par bhi radhasvami veankataraman ki sidhi nigah thi. vah sthitiyoan ko sudharane ke pakshadhar bhi rahe. inhoanne 1952 mean 'dhatu vyapar samiti' ke adhiveshan mean bhi shirakat ki, jise aantarrashtriy shram sangh ke tatvavadhan mean ayojit kiya gaya tha. vidhi evan tred yooniyan mean inaki sanliptata se inhean kafi prasiddhi prapt huee. vakalat aur tred yooniyanoan ke sampark mean rahane ke karan yah rajaniti ki or bhi akarshit hue.
svadhinata sangram mean sakriyata
shri veankataraman ne bharat ki svatantrata ke lie vidhik roop se yogadan diya. lekin 1942 ke bharat chho do andolan ke samay vah poori tarah se svadhinata sangram mean sakriy ho gaye. inhean british hukoomat ne giraftar karake do varsh ke lie jel mean dal diya. 1944 mean rihaee ke bad yah sarakar ke vividh mamaloan mean adhik ruchi rakhane lage. isi varsh kamaraj ke sath milakar inhoanne tamilanadu kaangres samiti mean shramik prabhav ki sthapana ki. isake prabhari ke taur par yah samiti ke karyalay mean kary karate rahe. shighr hi vah saphal 'tred yooniyan lidar' ke roop mean sthapit ho ge.
'shram qanoon' patrika ka aranbh
thumb|250px|ramasvami veankataraman ramasvami veankataraman karmachariyoan ke hit mean vividh l daee bhi l date the aur unaki samasyaoan ka samadhan bhi karate the. vah vartalap evan apasi talamel se samasyaean nipatate the. lekin jab qanooni mukabala karana hi karmachari ke hit mean shesh rahata tha to yah qanooni l daee l date the. 1949 mean inhoanne 'shram qanoon' patrika ka arambh kiya. is patrika ko shram qanoon patrakarita mean vishisht pahachan prapt huee. yadyapi anek patrakaroan se madhur sambandh the, tathapi vah chahate the ki patrakaroan ko eemanadari ke sath apane kartavyoan ki poorti karani chahie aur patrakarita ke siddhantoan ko apane karmakshetr ka abhinn aang banana chahie.
kaangres sansadiy samiti mean yogadan
ramasvami veankataraman 1947 se 1950 tak 'madras provianshal bar fedareshan' ke sachiv rahe. 1951 mean inhoanne apana namaankan uchchatam nyayalay mean karaya. 1953-1954 mean yah kaangres sansadiy dal ke sachiv bhi rahe. inhoanne pradhanamantri pandit javaharalal neharoo ki samajavadi sambandhi nitiyoan ka sadaiv samarthan kiya aur kaangres sansadiy samiti mean rahate hue apana vishisht yogadan bhi diya. bharatiy sanvidhan mean abhivyakt nagarik ke sampatti sambandhi adhikar (artikal-31) ke nirdharan mean bhi yah nimitt bane aur inaki yashasvi bhoomika rahi. shri ti.ti. krishnaamachari yah chahate the ki gramin evan shahari kshetr ko vikas ki drishti se alag-alag rakhana chahie. lekin ramasvami veankataraman ne is drishtikon ka virodh karate hue pandit neharoo ko sahamat kiya ki gramin evan shahari kshetroan ke lie vikas ki saman niti honi chahie. tab pandit neharoo ne ramasvami veankataraman ka sath diya aur sansad mean pesh ho chuke vidheyak mean avashyak sanshodhan karae. inaki ek prashansaniy upalabdhi desh ke kap da miloan ko rashtriyakrit karane ko lekar bhi thi.
saansad aur mantri pad
shri veankataraman ko padoan ki lalasa kabhi nahian rahi, yadyapi 1957 ke chunavoan mean yah saansad ban gaye the. inhoanne lokasabha ki sadasyata tyag di aur madras rajy sarakar mean mantri banae ge. is samay ke. kamaraj madras ke mukhyamantri the. kamaraj ne inaki rajanitik pratibha ko nikhara, jab inhean kaibinet mantri ke roop mean udyog, shram, parivahan, sahakarita, vanijyik kar tatha oorja sambandhi mantralay 1957 se 1967 tak sauanpe ge. 2 aktoobar, 1975 ko kamaraj ki mrityu se poorv tak yah unake sahayak mitr bane rahe.
tamilanadu ki audyagik kranti ke shilpakar
veankataraman tamilanadu ki audyagik kranti ke shilpakar mane jate haian. inhoanne hi kamaraj ko prerit kiya tha ki, udyogoan ka rashtriyakaran kiya jae, taki tamilanadu bharat ki audyogik hasti ban sake. yahi karan hai ki inhean 'tamilanadu udyogoan ka janak' kaha jata hai. unhoanne hi lambi bas sevaoan ka arambh tamilanadu mean kiya tha. yadi vah tamilanadu ki sarakar mean nahian hote to kendr mean pandit neharoo ki sarakar mean mantri hote.
satta parivartan ke bad
1967 mean tamilanadu mean satta parivartan hua aur kaangres satta se bahar ho gee. tab shri veankataraman ko dilli mean yojana ayog ka sadasy niyukt kiya gaya, sath hi udyog, shram, sanchar evan relave, oorja tatha yatayat ke vishay bhi inake havale kiye ge. vah in karyalayoan mean 1971 tak rahe. is dauran inhean lokasabha se alag rakha gaya. aise mean vah khali samay mean si. rajagopalachari dvara sthapit 'svarajy patrika' ka sampadan karate the. 1977 mean shrimati indira gaandhi ke agrah par inhoanne madras se lokasabha ka chunav l da aur vijayi hue. chooanki yah kushal vakta aur sansadiy mamaloan ke achchhe janakar the, at: kaangres ke satta mean n rahane par inhoanne vipakshi saansad ki bhoomika ka nirvahan bhali-bhaanti kiya.
raksha mantri
1980 mean ramasvami veankataraman pun: lokasabha chunav jitakar sansad mean pahuanche. in chunavoan se shrimati indira gaandhi ki bhi satta mean vapasi huee. tab inhean kendriy mantrimandal mean sthan pradan kiya gaya. veankataraman 15 janavari, 1982 se 2 agast, 1984 tak desh ke raksha mantri rahe. isake atirikt inhean 16 janavari, 1980 se 9 agast, 1981 tak udyog mantralay ka karyabhar bhi sambhalana p da. isi prakar 28 joon, 1982 se 2 sitambar, 1982 tak inhoanne grih mamaloan ke mantralay ka karyabhar bhi vahan kiya.
uparashtrapati
isake pashchath kaangres parti dvara shri ramasvami veankataraman ko desh ka uparashtrapati niyukt karane ka nirnay kiya gaya. 22 agast, 1984 ko inhoanne uparashtrapati ka padabhar sambhal liya. sath hi uparashtrapati ke roop mean rajyasabha ke sabhapati bhi bane. rajyasabha ke paden sabhapati ke roop mean inake kary ki sarahana matr kaangres dvara hi nahian balki vipaksh dvara bhi ki gee.
rashtrapati pad par
uparashtrapati banane ke lagabhag 25 mah bad kaangres ko desh ka rashtrapati nirvachit karana tha. jnani jail sianh ka karyakal samapt hone vala tha. isi ke tahat 15 julaee, 1987 ko vah bharatiy ganarajy ke athavean nirvachit rashtrapati ghoshit kiye ge. 24 julaee, 1987 ko inhoanne uparashtrapati se tyagapatr de diya. 25 julaee, 1987 ko madhyahn 12:15 par sansad bhavan ke kendriy kaksh mean sarvochch nyayalay ke mukhy nyayadhish ar.es. pathak ne inhean rashtrapati ke pad evan gopaniyata ki shapath dilaee. is samay shri veankataraman ne safed choo didar pajama aur kali sheravani dharan kar rakhi thi. inhoanne aangrezi bhasha mean shapath grahan ki.
shapath grahan karane ke turant bad shri veankataraman ne kaha-"maian is uchchatam karyalay ke kartavyoan ki poorti mean koee truti nahian karooanga aur n hi sanvidhan nirmataoan dvara pradatt rashtrapati ki shaktiyoan ka durupayog karooanga. poorv rashtrapatiyoan, yatha-d aauktar rajendr prasad, d aauktar radhakrishnan aur d aauktar zakir husain ne jo chamakadar parampara sthapit ki hai, maian usaka nirvahan karooanga." jab inase soochana tantr ke vyakti ne poochha ki ap rashtrapati ke roop mean kis prakar kary karane vale haian, to inhoanne behad santulit javab diya-"yah janata hi tay karegi ki mera karyakal kaisa raha."
rashtrapati ke roop mean shri veankataraman ke samane kee prakar ki kathinaiyaan aeean, lekin vah rajanitik toofanoan se desh ko surakshit nikalane mean saphal rahe. 1990 mean vishvanath pratap sianh ki sarakar alpamat mean aee aur usaka patan hua. mee-joon 1991 mean rajiv gaandhi ki hatya ke samay bhi desh chunautiyoan se ghira hua tha. lekin inhean janata par poorn vishvas tha ki vah kathinaiyoan mean bhi buddhimani aur rajanitik dooradarshita ka parichay degi.
rashtrapati karyakal
ramasvami veankataraman ke rashtrapati kal ke paanch varshoan (25 julaee, 1987 se 25 julaee 1992 tak) mean yah sabit hua ki un paristhitiyoan mean unase behatar koee any rashtrapati nahian ho sakata tha. yadi unake jivan ki mahattvapoorn upalabdhiyoan par drishtipat kiya jae to yah spasht ho jata hai ki shri veankataraman ne pratyek zimmedari ka nishtha se nirvahan kiya aur kabhi bhi ati mahattvakaanksha athava pad ki lalasa nahian dikhaee. uparashtrapati rahate hue bhi inhoanne kee zimmedariyoan ka palan kiya.
videsh yatra
shri veankataraman ne apane karyakal ke dauran kee deshoan ki sadbhavana yatra ki. mee 1992 mean yah chhah divasiy chin yatra par ge. isake poorv koee bhi bharatiy rashtradhyaksh chin nahian gaya tha.
rashtrapati pad ke bad
rashtrapati pad se mukt hone ke bad shri veankataraman apane parivar ke sadasyoan ke sath 'indiyan eyarafors' ke vishesh viman se tamilanadu ravana ho ge. bad mean inhoanne ek pustak 'maee presideanshiyal eeyars' shirshak se likhi. is pustak mean inhoanne apane rashtrapatitv kal ke paanch varsh ki ghatanaoan ka vistrit vivaran prastut kiya hai. yah pustak 671 prishthoan ki thi. isake bad inhoanne shram qanoon par bhi upayogi lekhan kary kiya. veankataraman aantarrashtriy samajh evan sadbhav hetu diye jane vale aantarrashtriy puraskar 'javaharalal neharoo avard' ki jyoori ke sadasy bhi rahe. vikas, shanti evan nishastrikaran ke kshetr mean diye jane vale 'iandira gaandhi puraskar' ki chayan samiti mean bhi the. vah 'javaharalal smriti kosh' ke upadhyaksh aur 'iandira gaandhi smriti kosh' ke nyasi bhi rahe. yah gaandhinagar kharava ianstityoot, dilli vishvavidyalay aur panjab vishvavidyalay rooral ianstityoot tatha dilli vishvavidyalay evan panjab vishvavidyalay ke kulapati bhi the.
vyaktitv
yah behad akarshak vyaktitv ke svami the. inake chehare par sadaiv muskan rahati thi. veankataraman ka nam kabhi vivadoan mean nahian aya aur n hi in par bhrashtachar ka koee arop laga. yah svayan ko rajanitijn se zyada rashtravadi manate the, jisaka kary desh ki seva karana hota hai. ek bar inhoanne kaha tha-"rajanitijn vah hai, jo agale chunav ke vishay mean sochata hai aur rajaneta vah hai, jo agali pidhi ke vishay mean sochata hai." shri veankataraman sabhi prakar ki jatiy vishamataoan ko bura manate the, sath hi gutanirapekshata ke bhi bhi himayati the. yah jivan bhar shakahari rahe aur kabhi sharab ka sevan nahian kiya. vah gaandhivadi vicharadhara ke ghor upasak the. inhean sangit, sanskriti aur kala se bhi kafi lagav tha. 25 julaee, 1992 tak yah bharatiy ganarajy ke sabase mahattvapoorn pad par rahe.
samman aur puraskar
veankataraman ko kee vishvavidyalayoan ne akadami puraskar bhi pradan kie. svatantrata sangram mean yogadan hetu inhean tamrapatr dekar bhi sammanit kiya gaya. samajavadi deshoan ki yatra ka vrittant likhane ke lie inhean 'soviyat laiand puraskar' diya gaya.
aantim samay
shri veankataraman ne achchhi umr paee aur jivan ke 98 basant dekhane ka saubhagy prapt kiya. 12 janavari, 2009 ko inhean 'yooroseplis' ki shikayat hone par nee dilli ke 'armi risarch end raifaral h aauspital' mean bharti karaya gaya, lekin inaki sthiti gambhir hoti chali gee. 20 janavari, 2009 ko inaka blad preshar (raktachap) kafi kam ho gaya. sath hi inhean infekshan bhi ho gaya tha. 26 janavari, 2009 ko aparahn 2:30 par sharir ke kee aangoan dvara kam band kar dene ke karan inaka aspatal mean nidhan ho gaya. is prakar inake nidhan se ek yug ka ant ho gaya. lekin bharat mata ke is sachche sapoot ko desh kabhi vismrit nahian kar sakega.
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bahari k diyaan
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ agast 1968 mean madras stet ko tamilanadu mean parivartit kiya gaya tha.