रुबाई
urdoo aur farasi ka ek chhand vishesh jisaka mool vazan 1tagan, 1yagan, 1sagan aur 1magan hota hai. isake pahale, doosare aur chauthe pad mean qafiya hota hai, kabhi kabhi charoan hi sanupras hote haian, parantu achchha yahi hai ki chautha sanupras n ho.
charan
rubaee mean char, samavritt charan hote haian. qasida athava gazal ke prarambhik char pad rubaee ho sakate haian. char charanoan athava misaroan mean se pratham-dvitiy aur chaturth sam-tukant, arthat ek hi qafiye aur radiph mean hote haian, keval tisara charan bhinn-tukant hota hai.
chhand
rubaee ke lie vishesh chhandoan ka vidhan hai aur unamean mukhy hai 'hajaj'. parantu urdoo mean 'iqabal' ne is niyam ka palan nahian kiya hai.
muktak
rubaee muktak hai aur apane-ap mean poorn bhi. isake char charanoan mean do bait hote haian, isalie isaka nam 'do-baiti' hai aur char misare hote haian, at: rubaee kahalati hai. rubaee farasi ka sarvadhik lokapriy rachanavidhan hai. farasi mean ise 'tarana' bhi kahate haian.
umar khaiyam ka anuvad
umar khaiyam ki 'rubaiyat' ke phitjajerald-krit aangrezi anuvad ko ianglaind aur amerika mean adhik prashansa prapt huee aur umar khaiyam ki rahasyatmakata ka prachar hua. apane desh mean umar khaiyam ki prasiddhi ganitajn, jyotishi aur darshanik ke roop mean thi, phitjerald ke karan usaki khyati rahasyavadi kavi ke roop mean bhi huee.
prasiddhi
hindi mean bhi phitjajerald-krit anuvad ke anek anuvad hue haian aur unamean harivansh ray 'bachchan' krit 'khaiyam ki madhushala' adhik prasiddh aur lokapriy huee. maithilisharan gupt tak ne isaka anuvad kiya hai. 'bachchan' krit 'madhushala' isi rachana-vidhan mean hai -
"jitani dil ki gaharaee ho utana gahara hai pyala,
jitani man ki madakata ho, utani madak hai hala,
jitani ur ki bhavukata ho, utana sundar saki hai,
jitana ho jo rasik, use hai, utani rasamay madhushala."
yoan to rubaee mean sab batean kahi ja sakati haian, lekin urdoo ke shayaroan ne isamean zyadatar naitik batean hi likhi haian. rubaiyaan qarib-qarib urdoo ke sabhi shayaroan ne likhi haian, lekin inamean anis, dabir, iqabal, jagatamohan 'khaan' aur josh adi ne vishisht sthan prapt kiya hai. hindi mean umar khaiyam ki rubaiyoan ke anek anuvad hue haian aur unake prabhav se anek prasiddh kaviyoan ne rubaiyaan likhi haian. naye kavi 'muktak' nam se bhi rubaiyaan likhate haian. rubaiyoan mean pray: sookti ya uktivaichitry ki pradhanata rahati hai.
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bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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