रैदास
thumb|200px|raidas madhyayugin santoan mean raidas ka mahattvapoorn sthan hai. sant raidas kabir ke samasamayik kahe jate haian. at: inaka samay san 1388 se 1518 ee. (1445 se 1575 ee.) ke as pas ka raha hoga. aant: sakshy ke adhar par raidas ka charmakar jati ka hona siddh hota hai - 'niche se prabhu aanch kiyo hai kah raidas chamara' sant ravidas kashi ke rahane vale the. inhean ramanand ka shishy mana jata hai parantu aant:sakshy ke kisi bhi srot se raidas ka ramanand ka shishy hona siddh nahian hota. inake atirikt raidas ki kabir se bhi bheant ki anek kathaean prasiddh haian parantu unaki pramanikata sandigdh hai. nabhadas krit 'bhaktamal'[1] mean raidas ke svabhav aur unaki charitrik uchchata ka pratipadan milata hai. priyadas krit 'bhaktamal' ki tika ke anusar chittau d ki 'jhalarani' unaki shishya thian, jo maharana saanga ki patni thian. is drishti se raidas ka samay san 1482-1527 ee. (san. 1539-1584 vi.) arthat vikram ki solahavian shati ke aant tak chala jata hai. kuchh logoan ka anuman ki yah chittau d ki rani mirabaee hi thian aur unhoanne raidas ka shishyatv grahan kiya tha. mira ne apane anek padoan mean raidas ka guru roop mean smaran kiya hai -
'guru raidas mile mohi poore, dhurase kalam bhi di.
sat guru sain dee jab ake jot rali.'
raidas ne apane poorvavarti aur samasamayik bhaktoan ke sambandh mean likha hai. unake nirdesh se jnat hota hai ki kabir ki mrityu unake samane hi ho gayi thi. raidas ki avastha 120 varsh ki mani jati hai.[2]
jivan parichay
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madhyayugin santoan mean prasiddh raidas ke janm ke sanbandh mean pramanik janakari upalabdh nahian hai. kuchh vidvan kashi mean janme raidas ka samay 1482-1527 ee. ke bich manate haian. raidas ka janm kashi mean charmakar kul mean hua tha. unake pita ka nam 'ragghu' aur mata ka nam 'ghuraviniya' bataya jata hai. raidas ne sadhu-santoan ki sangati se paryapt vyavaharik jnan prapt kiya tha. joote banane ka kam unaka paitrik vyavasay tha aur unhoanne ise saharsh apanaya. vah apana kam poori lagan tatha parishram se karate the aur samay se kam ko poora karane par bahut dhyan dete the. unaki samayanupalan ki pravriti tatha madhur vyavahar ke karan unake sampark mean ane vale log bhi bahut prasann rahate the.
vyaktitv
raidas ke samay mean svami ramanand kashi ke bahut prasiddh pratishthit sant the. raidas unaki shishy-mandali ke mahatvapoorn sadasy the. prarambh mean hi raidas bahut paropakari tatha dayalu the aur doosaroan ki sahayata karana unaka svabhav ban gaya tha. sadhu-santoan ki sahayata karane mean unako vishesh sukh ka anubhav hota tha. vah unhean pray: mooly liye bina joote bheant kar diya karate the. unake svabhav ke karan unake mata-pita unase aprasann rahate the. kuchh samay bad unhoanne raidas tatha unaki patni ko apane ghar se alag kar diya. raidas p dos mean hi apane lie ek alag jhop di banakar tatparata se apane vyavasay ka kam karate the aur shesh samay eeshvar-bhajan tatha sadhu-santoan ke satsang mean vyatit karate the. kahate haian, ye anapadh the, kiantu sant-sahity ke granthoan aur guru-granth sahab mean inake pad pae jate haian.
- vachanabaddhata
unake jivan ki chhoti-chhoti ghatanaoan se samay tatha vachan ke palan sambandhi unake gunoan ka jnan milata hai. ek bar ek parv ke avasar par p dos ke log ganga-snan ke lie ja rahe the. raidas ke shishyoan mean se ek ne unase bhi chalane ka agrah kiya to ve bole, 'ganga-snan ke lie maian avashy chalata kintu ek vyakti ko aj hi joote banakar dene ka maianne vachan de rakha hai. yadi aj maian joote nahian de saka to vachan bhang hoga. ganga snan ke lie jane par man yahaan laga rahega to puny kaise prapt hoga? man jo kam karane ke lie ant:karan se taiyar ho vahi kam karana uchit hai. man sahi hai to is kathauti ke jal mean hi gangasnan ka puny prapt ho sakata hai.' kaha jata hai ki is prakar ke vyavahar ke bad se hi kahavat prachalit ho gayi ki - 'man changa to kathauti mean ganga.'
shiksha
raidas ne ooanch-nich ki bhavana tatha eeshvar-bhakti ke nam par kiye jane vale vivad ko sarahin tatha nirarthak bataya aur sabako paraspar mil jul kar premapoorvak rahane ka upadesh diya. ve svayan madhur tatha bhaktipoorn bhajanoan ki rachana karate the aur unhean bhav-vibhor hokar sunate the. unaka vishvas tha ki ram, krishna, karim, raghav adi sab ek hi parameshvar ke vividh nam haian. ved, quran, puran adi granthoan mean ek hi parameshvar ka gunagan kiya gaya hai.
'krisn, karim, ram, hari, raghav, jab lag ek n pekha.
ved kateb kuran, puranan, sahaj ek nahian dekha..'
unaka vishvas tha ki eeshvar ki bhakti ke lie sadachar, parahit - bhavana tatha sadavyavahar ka palan karana atyavashyak hai. abhiman tyag kar doosaroan ke sath vyavahar karane aur vinamrata tatha shishtata ke gunoan ka vikas karane par unhoanne bahut bal diya. apane ek bhajan mean unhoanne kaha hai -
'kah raidas teri bhagati doori hai, bhag b de so pavai.
taji abhiman meti apa par, pipilak havai chuni khavai.'
unake vicharoan ka ashay yahi hai ki eeshvar ki bhakti b de bhagy se prapt hoti hai. abhiman shoony rahakar kam karane vala vyakti jivan mean saphal rahata hai jaise ki vishalakay hathi shakkar ke kanoan ko chunane mean asamarth rahata hai, jabaki laghu sharir ki 'pipilika' [3] in kanoan ko saralatapoorvak chun leti hai. isi prakar abhiman tatha b dappan ka bhav tyag kar vinamratapoorvak acharan karane vala manushy hi eeshvar ka bhakt ho sakata hai.
- satsang
shaishavavastha se hi satsang ke prati unamean tivr abhiroochi thi. at: ramajanaki ki moorti banakar poojan karane lage the. pita ne kisi karanavash unhe apane se alag kar diya tha aur ve ghar ke pichhava de chhappar dalakar rahane lage. ye param santoshi aur udar vyakti the. ve apane banaye huye joote bahudha sadhu-santo mean baant diya karate the. inaki virakti ke sambandh mean ek prasang milata hai ki ek bar kisi mahatma ne unhe 'paras' patthar diya jisaka upayog bhi usane bata diya. pahale to sant raidas ne use lena hi asvikar kar diya. kintu bar - bar agrah karane par unhone grahan kar liya aur apane chhappar mean khoans dene ke liye kaha. terah din ke bad lautakar ukt sadhu ne jab paras patthar ke bare mean poochha to sant raidas ka uttar tha ki jahaan rakha hoga, vahian se utha lo aur sachamuch vah paras patthar vahian p da mila.[2]
- saty
sant raidas ne saty ko anupam aur anivarchaniy kaha hai. vah sarvatr ek ras hai. jis prakar jal mean tarange hai usi prakar sara vishv usamean lakshit hota hai. vah nity, nirakar tatha sabake bhitar vidyaman hai. saty ka anubhav karane ke liye sadhak ko sansar ke prati anasakt hona p dega. sant raidas ke anusar premamoolak bhakti ke liye ahankar ki nivritti avashyak hai. bhakti aur ahankar ek sath sanbhav nahi hai. jab tak sadhak apane sadhy ke charano mean apana sarvasv arpan nahi karata tab tak use lakshy ki sidhdi nahi ho sakati.
- sadhana
sant raidas madhyayugin itihas ke sankraman kal mean he the. brahmanoan ki paishavik manovritti se dalit aur upekshit pashuvat jivan vyatit karane ke liye badhy the. yah sab unaki manasikata ko udvelit karata tha. sant raidas ki samanvayavadi chetana isi ka parinam hai. unaki svanubhootimayi chetana ne bharatiy samaj mean jagriti ka sanchar kiya aur unake maulik chintan ne shoshit aur upekshit shoodro mean atmavishvas ka sanchar kiya. parinamat: vah brahmanavad ki prabhuta ke samane sahasapoorvak apane astitv ki ghoshana karane mean saksham ho gaye. sant raidas ne manavata ki seva mean apana sarvasv samarpit kar diya. sant raidas ke man mean islam ke lie bhi astha ka saman bhav tha. kabir ki vani mean jahaan akrosh ki abhivyakti hai, vahian doosari or sant raidas ki rachanatmak drishti dono dharmo ko saman bhav se manavata ke manch par lati hai. sant raidas vastut: manav dharm ke sansthapak the.
- dharm
varnashram dharm ko samool nasht karane ka sankalp, kul aur jati ki shreshthata ki mithya sidhdi sant raidas dvara apanaye gaye samanvayavadi manavadharm ka hi ek aang hai jise unhonean manavatavadi samaj ke roop mean sankalpit kiya tha. janm jat mat poochhiye , ka jat aroo pat. ravidas poot sabh prabh ke kou nahi jat kujat॥
- bhakti
upanishadoan se lekar maharshi narad aur shandily ne bhakti tatv ki anek prakar se vyakhya ki hai. raidas ne bhakti mean ragatmika vritti ko hi mahatv diya hai. nam marg aur prem bhakti unaki ashtaang sadhana mean hi hai. raidas ki ashtaang sadhana padhdati unaki svatantr v svachhand chetana ka pravah hai. yah sadhana poornat: maulik hai.
samaj par prabhav
raidas ki vani, bhakti ki sachchi bhavana, samaj ke vyapak hit ki kamana tatha manav prem se ot-prot hoti thi. isalie unaki shikshaoan ka shrotaoan ke man par gahara prabhav p data tha. unake bhajanoan tatha upadeshoan se logoan ko aisi shiksha milati thi jisase unaki shankaoan ka santoshajanak samadhan ho jata tha aur log svat: unake anuyayi ban jate the. unaki vani ka itana vyapak prabhav p da ki samaj ke sabhi vargoan ke log unake prati shraddhalu ban gaye. kaha jata hai ki mirabaee unaki bhakti-bhavana se bahut prabhavit hueean aur unaki shishya ban gayi thian.
'varnashr abhiman taji, pad raj bandahijasu ki.
sandeh-granthi khandan-nipan, bani vimul raidas ki..'
rachanaean
raidas anapadh kahe jate haian. sant-mat ke vibhinn sangrahoan mean unaki rachanaean sankalit milati haian. rajasthan mean hastalikhit granthoan mean roop mean bhi unaki rachanaean milati haian. raidas ki rachanaoan ka ek sangrah 'belavediyar pres', prayag se prakashit ho chuka hai. isake atirikt inake bahut se pad 'guru granth sahib' mean bhi sankalit milate haian. yadyapi donoan prakar ke padoan ki bhasha mean bahut aantar hai tathapi prachinata ke karan 'guru granth sahab' mean sangrihit padoan ko pramanik manate mean koee apatti nahian honi chahie. raidas ke kuchh padoan par arabi aur farasi ka prabhav bhi parilakshit hota hai. raidas ke anapadh aur videshi bhashaoan se anabhijn hone ke karan aise padoan ki pramanikata mean sandeh hone lagata hai. at: raidas ke padoan par arabi-farasi ke prabhav ka adhik sanbhavy karan unaka lokaprachalit hona hi pratit hota hai.
mahatv
aj bhi sant raidas ke upadesh samaj ke kalyan tatha utthan ke lie atyadhik mahatvapoorn haian. unhoanne apane acharan tatha vyavahar se yah pramanit kar diya hai ki manushy apane janm tatha vyavasay ke adhar par mahan nahian hota hai. vicharoan ki shreshthata, samaj ke hit ki bhavana se prerit kary tatha sadavyavahar jaise gun hi manushy ko mahan banane mean sahayak hote haian. inhian gunoan ke karan sant raidas ko apane samay ke samaj mean atyadhik samman mila aur isi karan aj bhi log inhean shraddhapoorvak smaran karate haian. sant kavi raidas un mahan santoan mean agrani the, jinhoanne apani rachanaoan ke madhyam se samaj mean vyapt buraiyoan ko door karane mean mahatvapoorn yogadan kiya. inaki rachanaoan ki visheshata lok-vani ka adbhut prayog rahi hai jisase janamanas par inaka amit prabhav p data hai.
madhur evan sahaj sant raidas ki vani jnanashrayi hote hue bhi jnanashrayi evan premashrayi shakhaoan ke madhy setu ki tarah hai. grihasthashram mean rahate hue bhi raidas uchch-koti ke virakt sant the. unhoanne jnan-bhakti ka ooancha pad prapt kiya tha. unhoanne samata aur sadachar par bahut bal diya. ve khandan-mandan mean vishvas nahian karate the. saty ko shuddh roop mean prastut karana hi unaka dhyey tha. raidas ka prabhav aj bhi bharat mean door-door tak phaila hua hai. is mat ke anuyayi raidasi ya ravidasi kahalate haian.
raidas ki vicharadhara aur siddhaantoan ko sant-mat ki parampara ke anuroop hi pate haian. unaka satyapoorn jnan mean vishvas tha. unhoanne bhakti ke lie param vairagy anivary mana jata hai. param tattv saty hai, jo anivarchaniy hai - 'yah paramatattv ekaras hai tatha j d aur chetan mean saman roop se anusyoot hai. vah akshar aur avinashvar hai aur jivatma ke roop mean pratyek jiv mean avasthit hai. sant raidas ki sadhanapaddhati ka kramik vivechan nahian milata hai. jahaan-tahaan prasangavash sanketoan ke roop mean vah prapt hoti hai.' vivechakoan ne raidas ki sadhana mean 'ashtaang' yog adi ko khoj nikala hai. sant raidas apane samay ke prasiddh mahatma the. kabir ne santani mean ravidas sant' kahakar unaka mahattv svikar kiya isake atirikt nabhadas, priyadas, mirabaee adi ne raidas ka sasamman smaran kiya hai. sant raidas ne ek panth bhi chalaya, jo raidasi panth ke nam se prasiddh hai. is mat ke anuyayi panjab, gujarat, uttar pradesh adi mean paye jate haian. [2]
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tika tippani
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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