लाहौर

thumb|250px|lahaur qila lahaur purane panjab ki rajadhani hai jo ravi nadi ke dahine tat par basa hua hai. lahaur bahut prachin nagar hai. lahaur karachi ke bad pakistan mean doosara sabase b da abadi vala shahar hai. ise pakistan ka dil nam se bhi sanbodhit kiya jata hai kyoanki is shahar ka pakistani itihas, sanskriti evan shiksha mean atyant vishisht yogadan raha hai. ise aksar pakistan bagoan ke shahar ke roop mean bhi jana jata hai. lahaur ko sanbhavatah eesavi sanh ki prarambhik shatabdiyoan mean basaya gaya tha aur satavian shatabdi ee. mean yah itana mahattvapoorn tha ki usaka ullekh chini yatri hven tsaang ne kiya hai. shatruanjay ke ek abhilekh mean lavapur ya lahaur ko lamapur kaha gaya hai. lahaur shahar ravi evan vagha nadi ke tat par bharat-pakistan sima par sthit hai.

sthapana

hindoo anushrutiyoan ke anusar lahaur nagar ka prachin nam lavapur ya lavapuri tha, aur ise shriramachandr ke putr lav ne basaya tha. kaha jata hai, ki lahaur ke pas sthit kusoor namak nagar ko lav ke b de bhaee kush ne basaya tha. vaise valmiki ramayan se is lokashruti ki pushti spasht roop se nahian hoti, kyoanki is mahakavy mean shriram ke dvara lav ko uttar aur kush ko dakshin kosal ka rajy die jane ka ullekh hai- dakshin-kosal mean kush ne kushavati namak nagari basaee thi. lav ke dvara kisi nagari ke basae jane ka ullekh ramayan mean nahian hai.

itihas

lahaur ka musalamanoan ke poorv ka itihas prayah andhakaramay aur ajnat hai. keval itana avashy pata hai, ki 11vian shati ke pahale yahaan ek rajapoot vansh ki rajadhani thi. lahaur par pahale gazani aur phir gor ke shasakoan ne aur phir dilli ke sultanoan ne adhikar kar kiya. mugal kal mean lahaur mahattvapoorn nagar ho gaya aur shahi nivas sthan ban gaya. 1022 ee. mean mahamood gazanavi ki senaoan ne lahaur par akraman karake ise loota. sambhavatah isi kal ke itihasakaroan ne lahaur ka pahali bar ullekh kiya hai. gulam vansh tatha paravarti rajavanshoan ke shasanakal mean bhi kabhi-kabhi lahaur ka nam sunaee p d jata hai. 1206 ee. mean muhammad gori ki mrityu ke pashchath lahaur par adhikar karane ke lie kee saradaroan mean sangharsh hua, jisamean antatah kutubaddin aibak saphal hua. taimoor ne 14vian shati mean lahaur ke bazaroan ko loota aur 1524 ee. mean babar ne is nagar ko lootakar jala diya. kintu usake bad shighr hi purane nagar ke sthan par naya nagar bas gaya.

mahattv

[[chitr:Samadhi-Of-Ranjit-Singh.jpg|thumb|250px|ranajit sianh ki samadhi]] vastav mean, lahaur ko akabar ke samay se hi mahattv milana shuroo hua. 1584 ee. ke pashchath akabar kee varshoan tak lahaur mean raha aur jahaangir ne to lahaur ko apani rajadhani banakar apane shasanakal ka adhikaansh samay vahian par bitaya. mugaloan ke samay mean uttari-pashchimi simant par hone vale yuddhoan ke sucharoo sanchalan ke lie bhi lahaur mean shasan ka kendr banana avashyak ho gaya. isake sath hi jahaangir ko kashmir ghati ke akarshak sauandary ne bhi agara chho dakar lahaur mean rahane ko prerit kiya, kyoanki yahaan se kashmir apekshakrit nazadiq tha. shahajahaan ko bhi lahaur ka kafi akarshan tha, kintu aurangazeb ke samay mean lahaur ke mugalakalin vaibhav vilas ka kshay prarambh ho gaya. akabar, jahaangir aur shahajahaan, sabhi ko lahaur nagar mean rahana achchha lagata tha, isase yah sundar nagar ban gaya tha, jahaan qila v anek khoobasoorat bag the. isaka shahadara bag jahaangir ne aur shalimar bag shahajahaan ne lagavaya.

hamale

• 1707 se 1799 ee. ke bich lahaur nagar mean bar- bar hamale hue. pahale nadirashah aur phir ahamadashah abdali ne hamala kar is par dakhal kar liya.
• 1738 ee. mean nadirashah ne lahaur par akraman kiya, kintu apar dhan-rashi lekar usane yahaan par lootamar machane ka irada chho d diya.
• 1768 ee. mean sikkhoan ka adhikar ho gaya aur 1799 ee. mean yah ranajit sianh ke adhikar mean a gaya. ranajit sianh ne apani rajadhani banaya. 1799 ee. mean panjab kesari ranajit sianh ke samay mean lahaur ko phir ek bar panjab ki rajadhani banane ka gaurav mila.
• 1849 ee. mean doosare sikkh yuddh ki samapti par lahaur british bharatiy samrajy mean mila liya gaya aur 1947 ee. tak panjab ki rajadhani raha. desh ka vibhajan hone par lahaur pashchimi pakistan ki rajadhani bana. ab pakistan ki rajadhani ravalapindi hai.
• 1849 ee. mean panjab ko british bharat mean mila liya gaya aur lahaur ka soobe ka mukhy shasan kendr banaya gaya.

prachin smarak

[[chitr:Jahangir-Tomb-Lahore.jpg|thumb|250px|jahaangir ka maqabara, lahaur, pakistan]] lahaur ke prachin smarak haian—qila, jahaangir ka maqabara, shalimar bag aur ranajit sianh ki samadhi. lahaur ka qila tatha isake aantargat bhavanadi mukhy roop mean akabar, jahaangir, shahajahaan aur aurangazeb ke banavae hue haian. hathipaanv dvar ke andar pravesh karane par pahale lav ke prachin mandir ke darshan hote haian. yahian auragazeb ka banavaya hua naulakha bhavan hai, jo sangamaramar ka bana hai. isake age musamman burz hai, jahaan se maharaja ranajit sianh ravi nadi ka drishy dekha karate the. pas hi shahajahaan ke samay mean bana shishamahal hai. yahaan ranajit sianh ke uttaradhikari ne sar jan lareans ko kohinoor hira bheant mean diya tha.

qile ke andar any ullekhaniy imaratean haian—b di khvabagah, divaneam, mati masjid, hazoori bag aur baradari. hazoori bag se badashahi masjid ko, jise 1674 ee. mean auragazeb ne banavaya tha, rasta jata hai. shahadara, jahaan jahaangir ka maqabara avasthit hai, ravi ke doosare tat par lahaur se 3 mil door hai. maqabare ke nikat hi noorajahaan ke banavae hue dilakusha udyan ke khandahar haian. maqabara lal patthar ka bana hua hai. jis par safed sangamaramar ka kam hai. isamean gumbad nahian hai. isaki minarean athakon haian. jahaangir ke samadhi ke charoan or sangamaramar ki naqqashi jali ke par hai. chhat par bhi bahut hi sundar shilpakari hai. is maqabare ko jahaangir ki priy begam noorajahaan ne banavaya tha. noorajahaan ki samadhi jahaangir ke maqabare ke nikat hi sthit hai. is par koee bhi maqabara nahian hai, aur begam tatha usaki ekamatr santan la dali begam ki qabrean analankrit aur sade roop mean sab or se khule hue mandap ke andar bani haian. ye shahajahaan ke zamane mean bani thian. shahajahaan ka banavaya hua shalimar bag kashmir ke isi nam ke bag ki anukriti hai. yah lahaur se 6 mil door hai. ranajit sianh ki tatha unaki ath raniyoan ki samadhiyaan qile ke nikat hi ek chhatari ke niche bani huee haian. ye raniyaan ranajit sianh ki mrityu ke pashchath sati ho gee thian.