लोकनृत्य

[[chitr:Bihu-Dance-Assam.jpg|thumb|250px|bihoo nrity, asam
Bihu Dance, Assam]] bharatiy lokanrityoan ke aantargat anant prakar ke svaroop aur tal haian. inamean dharm, vyavasay aur jati ke adhar par antar paya jata hai. madhy aur poorvi bharat ki janajatiyaan (muriya, bhil, goan d, juaang aur santhal) sabhi avasaroan par nrity karati haian. jivan chakr aur rrituoan ke varshik chakr ke lie alag-alag nrity haian. nrity, dainik jivan aur dharmik anushthanoan ka aang hai. badalati jivan shailiyoan ke karan nrityoan ki prasangikata vishisht avasaroan se bhi age pahuanch gee hai. nrityoan ne kalatmak-nrity ka darja prapt kar liya hai. pratyek utsav ya sarvajanik ayojan mean in nrityoan ka dikhaee dena samany bat hai. prativarsh 26 janavari, bharatiy ganatantr divas ek aisa mahattvapoorn avasar hai, jab neshanal stediyam ke vishal kshetr aur pared ke 8 kilomitar lambe marg par nrity karane ke lie desh ke sabhi bhagoan se nartak dilli ate haian.

bharatiy lokanrityoan ka vargikaran karana kathin hai, lekin samany taur par inhean char vargoan mean rakha ja sakata hai.

vrittimoolak (jaise jutaee, buaee, machhali pak dana aur shikar),
dharmik,
anushthanik (taantrik anushthan dvara prasann kar devi ya danav-pretatma ke kop se mukti ke lie) aur
samajik (aisa prakar jo uparokt sabhi vargoan mean shamil hai).

prasiddh samajik lokanrityoan mean kolayacha (koliyoan ka nrity) shamil hai. pashchimi bharat ke koankan tat ke machhuaroan ke mool nrity kolayacha mean naukayan ki bhavabhangima dikhaee jati hai. mahilaean apane purush sathiyoan ki or rumal laharati haian aur purush thirakati chal ke sath age badhate haian. vivah ke avasar par yuva koli (machhuare) navadanmpati ke svagam mean ghareloo bartan hath mean pak dakar galiyoan mean nrity karate haian aur nrity ke charam par pahuanchate hi navadanmpati bhi nachane lagate haian.

lok nrity ki takanik aur isake prakar

[[chitr:Ghoomar-Dance.jpg|thumb|250px|ghoomar nrity, rajasthan
Ghoomar Dance, Rajasthan]] ghoomar rajasthan ka samajik lokanrity hai. mahilaean lambe ghaghare aur rangin chunari pahanakar nrity karati haian. is kshetr ke kachchi gho di nartak vishesh taur par darshaniy hai. dhal aur lambi talavaroan se lais nartakoan ka oopari bhag doolhe ki paramparik veshabhoosha mean rahata hai aur nichale bhag ko baans ke dhaanche par kagaz ki lugadi se bane gho de se dhaka jata hai. nartak, shadiyoan aur utsavoan par barechhebazi ka muqabala karate haian. bavari log lokanrity ki is shaili ke kushal kalakar haian. panjab kshetr mean sabase adhik joshila lokanrity fasal kataee ke avasar par bhaang da hai, jo bharat-pakistan sima ke donoan or kiya jata hai aur lokapriy bhi hai. is nrity ke sath-sath git gaya jata hai. pratyek pankti ki samapti par dhol gooanjata hai aur antim pankti sabhi nartak milakar gate haian. bhaang da ke harshonmad ka nrity hai, jisamean har ayu ke purush nachate haian. ve masti mean chillate aur golaee mean ghoomate hue nrity karate haian aur unake kandhe aur koolhe dhol ki lay par thirakate haian.

aandhr pradesh ka nrity

aandhr pradesh ki lanba di janajati ki khanabadosh mahilaean shishoan se j de shirovastr aur ghaghare pahanati haian aur apani bajoo chau de safed haddiyoan ke bane kanganoan se dhakati haian. ve dhire-dhire jhoomate hue nrity karati haian. jabaki purush dhol bajane aur gane ka kam karate haian. unaka samajikenrity avegapoorn shobha aur gitimayata se otaprot hota hai aur yah vishv ke any bhagoan ke banjaroan ke nrity se apekshakrit kam prachand hota hai. [[chitr:Kuchipudi-Dance.jpg|thumb|left|kuchi pudi nrity, aandhr pradesh
Kuchipudi Dance, Andhra Pradesh]]

madhy pradesh ka nrity

madhy pradesh mean muriya janajati ka gaval-siang (paha di bhaiansa) nrity purushoan aur mahilaoan, donoan ke dvara kiya jata hai. jo paramparik taur par barabari ka jivan vyatit karate haian. purush siang se j de shirovastr guchchhedar pankh ke sath pahanate haian aur unake cheharoan par kau di ki jhalar latakati hai. unake gale mean lak di ke latth jaisa dhol latakata hai. mahilaoan ke sir chau di thos pital ki mala se aur sina bhari dhatu ke gahanoan se dhake hote haian aur unake hathoan mean dhol jaise manjire hote haian. 50 se 100 ki sankhya mean stri v purush milakar nrity karate haian. gaval (baisan) ke vesh mean purush ek-doosare par hamala karate v l date haian aur siangoan se pattoan ko u date hue ve prakriti ke milan ke mausam ki gatishil abhivyakti karate hue nrityaanganaoan ka pichha karate haian. u disa mean juaang janajati sashakt paurushapoorn phurti ke sath pakshiyoan aur pashuoan ka nrity b de sajiv abhinay ke sath karati haian, dharmik lokanrityoan ke kuchh pramukh udaharan haiah maharashtr ke diandi aur kala nrity, jo dharmik ullas ki abhivyakti hai. nartak gol chakkar mean ghoomate haian aur chhoti lathiyaan (diandi) zamin par marate hue samoohagan ke mukhy gayak bichoan bich kh de dhol vadak ka sath dete haian. lay mean tezi ate hi nartak do paktiyaan bana lete haian aur daany paanv ko jhukakar baane paanv ke sath age badhate haian aur is prakar jyamiti ke akar banate haian. kala nrity mean ek bartan mean dahi hona zaroori hai, jo urvarata ka pratik hai. nartakoan ka samooh do vritt banata hai. jisamean ek nartak ke oopar doosara nartak hota hai. ek purush in donoan vrittoan ke oopar chadhakar oopar lataki dahi ki mataki pho data hai. jisamean dahi nartakoan ke sharir par phail jata hai. is anushthanik shuruat ke bad nartak jabaradast ran nrity ki mudra mean apani lathiyaan aur talavarean ghumate haian.

gujarat ka nrity

[[chitr:Garba-Dance.jpg|thumb|250px|garaba nrity, gujarat
Garba Dance., Gujarat]] garaba, jo vastav mean ek dharmik handiya ko kahate haian, gujarat ka suprasiddh dharmik nrity hai. yah navaratri ke nau din ke varshik utsav ke dauran 50 se 100 mahilaoan ke samooh dvara devi aanba ke samman mean kiya jata hai. jinhean bharat ke any bhagoan mean durga ya kali ke nam se jana jata hai. mahilaean gol chakkar mean ghoomate hue jhukati, mu dati, hathoan se taliyaan aur kabhi-kabhi aanguliyoan se chutaki bajati haian. is nrity ke sath devi ki stuti mean git bhi gae jate haian.

tamilanadu rajy ka nrity

dharmik anushthan se ju de lokanrityoan ki anant shailiyoan mean kee ka chamatkarik mahattv hai aur ye puratan upasana se ju di haian. tamilanadu rajy ka karakam nrity mukhyatah mariyammee (mahamari ki devi) ki pratima ke samaksh varshik utsav par devi se mahamari ka prakop n phailane ki prarthana ke sath kiya jata hai. nartak ke sir par lambe baans ke dhaanche se dhake kachche chaval ka bartan rakha jata hai. jise nartak ko nrity ki uchhal-kood ke dauran bina chhue sambhale rakhana hota hai. log ise devi ki kripa manate haian aur kahate haian ki nartak ke sharir mean devi pravesh karati hai. jisake karan yah chamatkar hota hai. keral mean hinduoan ke poojy devoan tatha danavoan ko prasann karane ke lie therayattam utsav ayojit kiya jata hai. vismayakari veshabhoosha aur mukhautoan se lais nartak gaanv ke pooja sthal ke samane anokha anushthan karate haian. ek shrriddhalu murge ki bheant chadhata hai. jise nartak jhapat leta hai aur ek hi jhatake mean usaka sir alag kar deta hai v ashirvad dete hue use shrriddhalu ka lauta deta hai. is samaroh ke sath lamba aur manthar nrity chalata rahata hai. [[chitr:Manipuri-Dance.jpg|thumb|left|manipuri nrity, manipur
Manipuri Dance, Manipur]]

arunachal pradesh ka nrity

arunachal pradesh (bhootapoorv poorvottar phrantiyar ejeansi 'nepha') mean sabase zyada mukhauta nrity kie jate haian. yahaan tibbat ki nrity shailiyoan ka prabhav dikhaee deta hai. yak nrity kashmir ke laddakh kshetr aur asam ke nikat himalay ke dakshini simavarti kshetroan mean kiya jata hai. yak ka roop dharan kie nartak apani pith par chadhe adami ko sath lie nrity karata hai. mukhautoan ke sath kie jane vale lokanrity sada topotsen mean purush nartak bh dakile zaridar resham ke lambe kurate pahanate haian. jinaki chau di jhoolati bahean hoti haian. ve ajibo garib muskan vale lak di ke mukhaute pahanate haian. jin par khop diyoan ka mukut hota hai. jo paralok ki atmaoan ka pratinidhitv karati hai. nartak bich-bich mean koodate hue takatavar lekin dhimi chakkaradar mudraean banate haian. mukhauta nrity ki ek anoothi shaili chhoo ko jharakhand (bhootapoorv bihar) ke poorv—sarayakela riyasat ke ek shahi parivar ne sanrakshit rakha hai. nartak bhagavan, pashu, pakshi, shikari, indradhanush, rat ya phool ka roop dharan karata hai. vah ek chhote prasang ka abhinay karata hai aur aprail mean varshik chaitr utsav mean kee bhavachitroan ki ek l di prastut karata hai. chhoo mukhaute adhikaanshatah manaviy lakshanoan se yukt hote haian. jinhean vividh bhav dikhane ke lie tho da-bahut paravartit kiya jata hai. sadharan sapat rangoan mean chitrit mukhautoan ki shant abhivyakti kathakali ke vyapak roop shrriangar ya kaandayan mukhautoan ki zaroorat se zyada pishachiy akriti aur japan ke 'no drama' se bahut alag dikhati hai. chooanki chhoo nartak ka chehara bhavahin hota hai, isalie usaka sharir hi patr ke sampoorn bhavanatmak aur manovaijnanik tanavoan ko vyakt karata hai. usake paanv bhangima-bhasha ka prayog karate haian. usake panje pashu ke panjoan ki tarah phurtile, sakriy aur bhavabodhak hote haian. nrity ke dauran gayan nahian hota, sirf vady sangit hota hai. u disa ke mayoorabhanj zile mean kie jane vale chhoo nrity ki ek any shaili mean nartak mukhaute nahian pahanate, parantu jan-boojhakar sakht aur achal chehare banakar mukhaute ka bhram dete haian. unaka nrity shram aur karatab se bhara hota hai.

lok nrity ki shailiyaan

bharat ki prachin sanskriti ne, lok nrityoan ke vibhinn svaroopoan ko janm diya hai. sanskriti v paranparaoan ki vividhata lok nrityoan mean saf jhalakati hai. vibhinn rajyoan ke in nrityoan mean jivan ka pratibianb hai aur nrityan ki lagabhag har mudra ka vishisht arth hota hai. [[chitr:Bhangra.jpg|thumb|250px|bhaang da, panjab
Bhangra., Punjab]]

rasalila, lokanrity ki pramukh vidha ke alava chaitr tatha ashvini mas ki navaratriyoan mean mahilaoan ke laanguriya nrity hote haian . isake dauran mahilayean laanguriya gati haian aur madhy mean ek mahila dvara anek mudrajan nrity ka pradarshan hota hai . gramin aanchal mean holi ke doosare din se baso da ya sanvatsar pratipada tak huranga nrity chalata hai . isamean gram ke thokoan ke anusar stri–purush sayankal ekatrit hokar holi gate hue nrity karate haian . nrity mean yuva stri–purush hi nachate haian . shesh sabhi ayu ke stri-purush gayan vadan karate haian . vadan mean naga de, dhap, dhol, khanjari' baansuri, alagoja, bam, chang, upang mochang, dhapali adi vadyoan ka prayog hota hai . huranga nrity mean daooji ka huranga prasiddh hai . vallabh sampraday ke mandiroan mean basant panchami se chaitr krishna dvitiya tak dhadha–dhadhi nrity ka ayojan hota hai . yah nrity sayankal ke samay shri thakuraji ke samane shayan ke darshanoan mean hota hai . kalavidh stri–purush vesh mean rasiya aur dhamar pad gayan ke sath alag-alag apana nrity pradarshit kar darshakoan ko bhavavibhor kar dete haian . is nrity ki parampara mean mathura ka shri dvarikadhish mandir agrani hai .

nrisianh nrity vaishakh shukla chaturdashi ko sooryast ya poornima ki prat: bela mean hota hai . nrisianh banane vale kalakar ko us din vrat rakhana p data hai aur nartak nrisianh vesh tatha chehare ko pahanata hai . any sabhi tabala ghanta, gh diyal, jhaanjh adi baje ek vishisht svar tal mean bajate haian , jinake bol 'jai nrisianh, jai nrisianh jai, jai, jai, jai, jai nrisianh jai jai jai bhee jai jai jai, hiranakus maryo tuhi tuhi-narsiha narachai theee theee' hai .

ise nrisianh nrity n kahakar nrisianh lila bhi kaha jata hai , jisaka sambandh hiranyakashyap dvara prahalad ji ko sataye jane se lekar hiranyakashyap ki purani katha se hai . yah nrity vishesh kar mathura nagar ke dvarakadhish mandir, nrisianh bagichi bhooteshvar, golapa da, manik chauk, svami ghat, kuaan gali, satagh da mean hota hai . inake atirikt vivahoan ke dauran vibhinn jatiyoan ke nrityoan ka bhi janapad mean chalan hai . inamean 'maandhayau jaganau', 'lalamaniya bhairo' nrity sahit kuchh any nrity bhi shamil haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah