वात्सल्य रस

vatsaly ras ka sthayi bhav hai. mata-pita ka apane putradi par jo naisargik sneh hota hai, use ‘vatsaly’ kahate haian. maikadugal adi manastattvavidoan ne vatsaly ko pradhan, maulik bhavoan mean pariganit kiya hai, vyavaharik anubhav bhi yah batata hai ki apaty-sneh dampaty ras se tho di hi kam prabhavishnutavala manobhav hai.

• sanskrit ke prachin acharyoan ne devadivishayak rati ko keval ‘bhav’ thaharaya hai tatha vatsaly ko isi prakar ki ‘rati’ mana hai, jo sthayi bhav ke tuly, unaki drishti mean chavarniy nahian hai.
• someshvar bhakti evan vatsaly ko ‘rati’ ke hi vishesh roop manate haian - ‘sneho bhaktirvatsalyamiti raterev vishesh:’, lekin apaty-sneh ki utkatata, asvadaniyata, purusharthopayogita ityadi gunoan par vichar karane se pratit hota hai ki vatsaly ek svatantr pradhan bhav hai, jo sthayi hi samajha jana chahie.
• bhoj ityadi katipay acharyoan ne isaki satta ka pradhany svikar kiya hai.
• vishvanath ne prasphut chamatkar ke karan vatsal ras ka svatantr astitv niroopit kar ‘vatsalata-sneh’ ko isaka sthayi bhav spasht roop se mana hai - ‘sthayi vatsalata-sneh: putrathalambanan matamh’.
• harsh, garv, aveg, anisht ki ashanka ityadi vatsaly ke vyabhichari bhav haian. udaharan -

‘chalat dekhi jasumati sukh pavai.
thumuki thumuki pag dharani reangat, janani dekhi dikhavai’ isamean keval vatsaly bhav vyanjit hai, sthayi ka parisphutan nahian hua hai.

vatsaly ras ke udgam

vatsaly shabd vats se vyutpann aur putradivishayak rati ka paryay hai. isaka prayog ras ki apeksha bhav ke lie adhik upayukt hai, kadachit isilie prachin acharyoan ne ‘vatsaly ras’ n likhakar ‘vatsal ras’ likha aur vatsalata ya vatsaly ko usaka sthayi bhav mana,

• bhojaraj -

‘shrriangaravir-karunadbhutaraudrahasyavibhatravatsalabhayanakashantanamn:’ .

• vishvanath ne isaka lakshan diya hai -
  

‘sphutan chamatkaritaya vatsalan ch ras vidu:.

sthayi vatsalatasneh: putradyalambanan matamh’ vatsaly sneh isaka sthayi bhav hota hai tatha putradi alamban. age usaka vistar dete hue kahate haian - ‘bal sulabh cheshtaoan ke sath-sath usaki vidya, shaury, daya adi visheshataean uddipan haian. aliangan, aangasansparsh, shir ka choomana, dekhana, romaanch, anandashru adi anubhav hai. anisht ki ashanka, harsh, garv adi sanchari mane jate haian. is ras ka varn pady-garbh ki chhavi jaisa aur devata, lokamata ya jagadamba hai’.

• bhojaraj ne ‘shrriangar’ ko rasaraj siddh karane ke prasang mean any rasoan ki ganana karate hue unaki sankhya ‘vatsal ras’ ko milakar das batayi hai, jisase spashtataya jnat hota hai ki unake samay tak vatsaly ras ke udgam ko bhi manyata prapt ho chuki thi.
• vishvanath ke ‘sahityadarpan’ mean jis saangopaang roop mean isaka niroopan hua hai, usase jnat hota hai ki kal-kram mean isako adhikadhik manyata evan vikas prapt hota gaya. aisa pratit hota hai ki vatsaly ras ka udagam srot drishy kavy mean n hokar shravy kavy mean nihit hai.
• bharatamuni ke ‘natyashastr’ mean aisa koee sootr nahian hai, jisase isaki siddhi ho sake. ath natyashastroan ke sath shant ke milane par adhik se adhik nau rasoan ko hi svikriti usamean milati hai.

vatsaly ras ka udgam

bhamah, dandi, udbhat aur rudrat jaise alankarikoan dvara many ‘greyas’ namak alankar se vatsaly ras ke udgam ka kuchh sambandh sambhav dikhaee deta hai. ‘prey:priyatarakhyanamh’ kahakar dandi ne ‘preyash’ alankar ko priti bhav se sambaddh bataya. udbhat ne isaka jo udaharan diya hai, usamean ‘sutavallabhyannivishesha sprihavati’, ‘mrigi ki god mean baithe mrig-shavak ka’ bhavapoorn chitr samavisht hai, jisase ‘preyash’ ke vatsaly bhav hone ka abhas milane lagata hai.

• rudrat ke ‘kavyalankar’ se isaki pushti hoti hai.
• abhinavagupt ne ‘abhinavabharati’ mean nau rasoan ki charcha karane ke uparant any rasoan ki sambhavana ka sankshipt ullekh tatha apani or se unaka khandan karate hue likha hai ki, ‘balasy matapitradau sneho bhaye vishrant:’ arthat mata-pita ke prati balak ke sneh ka antarbhav bhay mean ho jata hai. ‘vriddhasy putradavapi drashtavyamh’, arthat isi prakar vriddh ka putradi ke prati sneh dekha jana chahie.
• abhinavagupt se sahamati rakhakar hi kadachith mammat ne ‘kavyaprakash’ mean likha hai - ‘ratirdevadivishaya vyabhichari tathaanjit:. bhav: prokt:’.
• mammat ke ras niroopan se poorv ‘tadvisheshanah’ ki vyakhya karate hue ‘balabodhani’ tikakar ne jo tippani di hai, usase poorvokt ‘preyash’ vishayak anubhanashrit dharana pratyaksh ho jati hai-‘kisi ki sammati hai ki ek shrriangar ras hi ras hai, kisi ne preyaans, dant, uddhat ke sath varnit nav ras ko dvadash ras mana hai. jis ras ka sthayi bhav sneh ho, usako preyaans kahate haian aur isi ka nam vatsaly hai’. spashtat: hi tikakar ne yahaan bhojarat ki manyata ka sandarbh dete hue preyaans ko hi vatsaly bataya hai, jisaka sankat ‘vatsalaprakrite:’ ke roop mean ‘sarasvatikanthamaran’ mean hi mil jata hai. sanskrit kavyashastr mean vatsaly ki sthiti kis prakar ek alankar se badhate-badhate ras tak pahuanch gee, isaka kuchh abhas uparyukt vivechan se ho jata hai.

sthayi bhav

vatsaly ke sthayi sambandh mean bhi kahian-kahian bhinn mat vyakt kiya gaya hai. kavi karnapoor ne ‘mamakar’ ko, ‘mandaramarandachampoo’ ke rachayita ne karpany ko isaka sthayi bhav mana hai. prarambh mean vatsaly ka antarbhav shrriangar ke antargat hi kiya jata raha, kyoanki vatsalata ratika hi ek vishisht roop hai. someshvar ne rati ke tin bhed batate hue likha hai - ‘sneh, bhakti, vatsaly rati ke hi vishesh roop haian. tulyoan ki anyony rati ka nam sneh, uttam mean anuttam ki rati ka nam bhakti aur anuttam mean uttam rati ka nam vatsaly hai’ (kavyaprakash ki kavyadarsh tika). yahaan sneh, bhakti aur vatsaly mean bhed kiya gaya hai. isase vatsaly bhakti ki bhavana ka vilom siddh hota hai. uttam aur anuttam shabdoan se kadachit shreshthata ka arth n lekar chhot-b de ka arth hi liya gaya pratit hota hai.. 'ritikal mean vatsaly

• keshavadas , chintamani, bhikharidas adi pray: sabhi pramukh ritikalin kavyacharyoan ne vatsaly ras ki upeksha ki hai. unhoanne is vishay mean ‘sahityadarpan’ ka udaharan samane n rakhakar nau rasoan ki roodh parampara ka palan kiya hai. bharatendu ne avashy apane ‘natak’ namak granth mean any rasoan ke sath vatsaly ko sthan diya hai, par usaka karan bhinn hai. bharatendu ne vatsaly ke sath dasy, sakhy aur madhury ki bhi ganana ki hai, jisase prakat ho jata hai ki unhoanne isaki avatarana gau diy sampraday ke bhaktishastr ke adhar par ki, jo unake samay tak vaishnav bhakti ke kshetr mean pray: sarvamany ho chuka tha. bhaktishastr ke anusar bhi vatsaly bhav hi siddh hota hai, kyoanki ras to bhakti svayan hi hai, jo ukt charoan bhavoan ke dvara bhavit hota hai.

sooradas ka vatsaly

sooradas dvara is vatsaly bhav ka itana vistar kiya gaya ki ‘soorasagar’ ko drishti mean rakhate hue vatsaly ko ras n manana ek vidambana-sa pratit hota hai. ‘hariaudh’ ne moolat: isi adhar par vatsaly ko ras siddh kiya hai. yahi nahian, unhoanne vatsaly ko vibhats, hasy adi anek rasoan se tark sahit shreshth siddh kiya hai.

krishna lila ke antargat soor ka vatsaly varnan rasatv prapti ke lie apekshit sabhi aangoan-paangoan ko apane mean samavisht kiye hai. doosare, bhakti ki drishti se vatsaly soor ka apana bhav nahian hai. atev ‘soorasagar’ mean nand yashoda tatha any vayask gopiyoan ka balkrishna ke prati prem, akarshan, khijh, vyangy, upalambh adi sab kuchh vatsaly ras ki hi samagri hai. krishna ka saundary-varnan tatha bal-kri daoan ka sookshm manovaijnanik chitran bhi isi ke antargat ata hai.

tulasidas ka vatsaly

tulasi ka ‘gitavali’, ‘krishna gitavali’ tatha ‘kavitavali’ mean ‘ramacharitamanas’ se shreshthatar vatsaly ras ki kavita milati hai.

adhunik kal mean vatsaly

‘hariaudh’ ke ‘priyapravas’ aur maithilisharan gupt ke ‘saket’ tatha ‘yashodhara’ mean nayi bhoomikaoan mean vatsaly ka udrek prapt hota hai.

• kadachit kisi prachin sanskrit ya hindi ke achary ne vatsaly ras ke bhedopabhed karane ki cheshta nahian ki hai. karan spasht hai ki adhikatar use ras hi nahian mana gaya hai. par anandaprakash dikshit ne apane shodhagranth ‘kavy mean ras’ mean vatsaly ke nimnalikhit bhed mane haian-

1. gachchhatpravas,
2. pravasasthit,
3. pravasagat,
4. karun.

yah charoan upabhed viyog - vatsaly ke haian, jo svayan ek bhed hai. shrriangar ki tarah vatsaly ke bhi sanyog aur viyog ke adhar par do bhed kiye ge haian; karun vatsaly namak vibhed karun shrriangar ke samanantar hai. pravas par adharit vibhed vatsaly ras ke viyogapaksh mean utane upayukt nahian lagate, jitane vipralambh shrriangar mean, kyoanki ek vishesh avastha tak shishu mean pravasasamarthy hi nahian hoti.

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panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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