विदुर नीति

vidur hindoo pauranik mahakavy 'mahabharat' ke prasiddh patroan mean se ek haian. hindoo granthoan mean diye jivan-jagat ke vyavahar mean raja aur praja ke dayitvoan ki vidhivat niti ki vyakhya karane vale mahapurushoan ne mahatma vidur suvikhyat haian. unaki vidur niti vastav mean mahabharat yuddh se poorv yuddh ke parinam ke prati shankit hastinapur ke maharaj dhritarashtr ke sath unaka sanvad hai.

vidur janate the ki yuddh vinashakari hoga. maharaj dhritarashtr apane putr duryodhan ke moh mean samasya ka koee saral samadhan nahian khoj pa rahe the. vah anirnay ki sthiti mean the. duryodhan apani hath par a da tha. duryodhan ki hath niti viruddh thi. pandavoan ne dyoot ki shart ke anusar barah varsh ke banavas aur ek varsh ke ajnatavas ki avadhi poorn karane ke bad jab apana rajy vapas maanga to duryodhan ke hath ke sammukh asahay evan putr moh se grast dhritarashtr pandavoan ke doot shrikrishna ko koee nirnayak uttar nahian de sake. keval itana ashvast kiya ki vah sabase paramarsh karake sanjay dvara apana nirnay preshit kar deange. sanjay ke madhyam se bheja gaya sandesh bhi koee nirnayak sandesh nahian tha. usamean itana kaha gaya tha ki ve aisa kary karean, jisase bharatavanshiyoan ka hit ho aur yuddh n ho.

vidur niti

‘mahabharat’ ki katha ke mahattvapoorn patr vidur kaurav vansh ki gatha mean apana vishesh sthan rakhate haian. vidur niti jivan-yuddh ki niti hi nahian, jivan-prem, jivan-vyavahar ki niti ke roop mean apana vishesh sthan rakhati hai. rajy-vyavastha, vyavahar aur disha nirdeshak siddhaant vakyoan ko vistar se prastavana karane vali nitiyoan mean jahaan chanaky niti ka namollekh hota hai, vahaan sath-asath ka spasht nirdesh aur vivechan ki drishti se vidur-niti ka vishesh mahattv hai. vyakti vaiyaktik apekshaoan se ju dakar anek bar nitant vyaktigat, ekeandriy aur svarthi ho jata hai, vahian vah vaiktik apekshaoan ke dayare se bahar akar ek ko anek ke sath to dakar, sath-asath ka vichar karate hue samashtigat bhav se samaj keandriy ya bahukeandriy hokar pararthi ho jata hai.

purushoan ke ath gun

vidur ke anusar ath gun purooshoan ki khyati badha dete haian, jo is prakar haian-

• vidur manushy lok ke chhah sukhoan ki vyakhya karate haian, nirog rahana, rrini n hona, paradesh mean n rahana, achchhe logoan ke sath mel rakhana, apani vritti se jivika chalana aur nidar hokar rahana- ye chhah manushy lok ke sukh haian.
• mahatma vidur kahate haian ki nimn chhah prakar ke manushy sada du:khi rahate haian-

1. eershya karane vala
2. ghrina karane vala
3. asantoshi
4. krodhi
5. sada shankit rahane vala
6. doosaroan ke bhagy par jivan-nirvah karane

• mahatma vidur kahate haian ki raja ko sat doshoan ko tyag dena chahiye- strivishayak asakti, jua, shikar, madyapan, vachan ki kathorata, atyant kathor dand dena aur dhan ka durupayog karana. ye sat duahkhadayi dosh raja ko sada tyag dene chahiye, inase dridhamool raja bhi prayah nasht ho jata hai.
• vidur maharaj ne harsh prapti ke ye sadhan bataye haian- mitroan se samagam, adhik dhan ki prapti, putr ka aliangan, maithun mean pravritti, samay par priy vachan bolana, apane varg ke logoan mean unnati, abhisht vastu ki prapti aur samaj mean samman- ye ath harsh ke sar dikhaee dete haian aur ye hi laukik sukh ke sadhan bhi hoete haian.
• purushoan ke ye ath gun khyati ko badha dete haian, aisa maharaj vidur ka manana hai- buddhi, kulinata, indriyanigrah, shastrajnan, parakram, adhik n bolana, shakti ke anusar dan dena aur kritajnata- ye ath gun purush ki khyati badha dete haian.
• vidur kahate haian ki ye das prakar ke log dharm ko nahian janate- nashe mean matavala, asavadhan, pagal, thaka hua, krodhi, bhookha, jaldabaj, lobhi, bhayabhit aur kami -ye das haian. vidvan vyakti in logoan se asakti n badhaye.
• dhir kaun hai? maharaj vidur kahate haian- jo kisi durbal ka apaman nahian karata, sada savadhan rahakar shatru se buddhi poorvak vyavahar karata hai, balavanoan ke sath yuddh pasand nahian karata tatha samay ane par parakram dikhata hai, vahi dhir hai.
• vidur kahate haian, devagan aise vyaktiyoan ke sath hote haian jo dan, hom, devapoojan, maangalik kary, prayashchit tatha anek prakar ke laukik achar, in karyo ko nity karata hai, devagan usake abhyuday ki siddhi karate haian.
• maharaj vidur kahate haian ki us viddhan ki niti shreshth hai, jo apane barabar valoan ke sath vivah, mitrata, vyavahar tatha batachit rakhata hai, hin purooshoan ke sath nahian, aur gunoan mean badhe़ chadhe purooshoan ko sada age rakhata hai, us viddhan ki niti shreshth hai.
• vidur kahate haian aise purooshoan ko anarth door se hi chho d dete haian, jo apane ashrit janoan ko baantakar khata hai, bahut adhik kam karake bhi tho da sota hai tatha maangane par jo mitr nahian hai, use bhi dhan deta hai, us manasvi purush ke sare anarth door se hi chho d dete haian.
• balavan ke sammukh jhukane ka paramarsh kitane sundar udaharan se nitijn vidur dete haian- jo dhatu bina garm kiye mu d jati hai, use ag mean nahian tapate. jo kath svayan jhuka hota hai, use koee jhukane ka prayatn nahian karata, atah buddhiman purush ko adhik balavan ke samane jhuk jana chahiye, jo adhik balavan ke samane jhukata hai, vah mano indradevata ko pranam karata hai.. 36-37/2..
• kis vastu ki kis prakar raksha karean, vidur maharaj udaharanoan dvara samajhate haian- saty se dharm ki raksha hoti hai, yog se vidya surakshit hoti hai, saphaee se sundar roop ki raksha hoti hai aur sadachar se kul ki raksha hoeti hai, tolane se anaj ki raksha hoti hai, hath pheerane se gho de surakshit rahate haian, barambar dekhabhal karane se gauoan ki tatha maile vastroan se striyoan ki raksha hoti hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh