विदेह
videh uttari bihar ka prachin janapad tha, jisaki rajadhani mithila mean thi. sthool roop se isaki sthiti vartaman tirahut ke kshetr mean mani ja sakati hai. kosal aur videh ki sima par sadanira nadi bahati thi. brahman granthoan mean videharaj janak ko samrat kaha gaya hai, jisase uttar vaidik kal mean videh rajy ka mahatv soochit hota hai.[1]
pauranik ullekh
'shatapath brahman' mean 'videgh' ya 'videh' ke raja mathav ka ullekh hai, jo moolaroop se sarasvati nadi ke tatavarti pradesh mean rahate the aur pichhe videh mean jakar bas ge the. inhoanne hi poorvi bharat mean ary sabhyata ka prachar kiya tha. shaankhayan shrautasootr[2] mean jalajatu karny namak videh, kashi aur kosal ke purohit ka ullekh hai. valmiki ramayan mean sita ke pita mithiladhip janak ko 'vaideh' kaha gaya hai-
‘aiv muktva munishreshth vaideho mithiladhipah.'[3]
- sita isi karan 'vaidehi' kahalati thian.
- 'mahabharat' mean bhi videh desh par bhim ki vijay ka ullekh hai tatha janak ko yahaan ka raja bataya gaya hai, jo nishchiy poorv hi videh nareshoan ka kulanam tha-
'sharmakanh varmakaanshchaiv vyajayath santvapoorvakamh, vaidehakan rajanan janakan jagatipapatimh.'[4]
- bhas ne 'svapnavasavadatta'[5] mean sahasranik ke vaidehiputr namak putr ka ullekh kiya hai, jisase aisa jan p data hai ki usaki mata videhi ki rajakumari thi.[1]
- vayupuran[6] mean nimi ko videh naresh bataya gaya hai.
- vishnupuran[7] mean videh nagari (mithila) ka ullekh hai-
'varshatrayante ch vabhroo grasen prabhritibhiryadavairn tadratnan krishnaonapahritamiti kritavagatibhirvidehanagari gatva baladevassampratyayydvarakamanit.
- bauddh kal mean sanbhavatah bihar ke vrijji tatha lichchhavi janapadoan ki bhaanti ki videh bhi ganarajy ban gaya tha. jain tirthankar mahavir ki mata 'trishala' ko jain sahity mean 'videhadatta' kaha gaya hai. is samay vaishali ki sthiti videh rajy mean mani jati thi, jaisa ki 'acharaangasootr'[8] soochit hota hai, yadyapi buddh aur mahavir ke samay mean vaishali lichchhavi ganarajy ki bhi rajadhani thi. tathy yah jan p data hai ki is kal mean videh nam sanbhavatah sthool roop se uttari bihar ke sanpoorn kshetr ke lie prayukt hone laga tha. yah tathy 'digghanikay' mean ajatashatru[9] ke vaidehiputr nam se ullikhit hone se bhi siddh hota hai.[1]
katha
ek bar raja janak ne apani yaugik kriyaoan se sthool sharir ka tyag kar diya. svargalok se ek viman unaki atma ko lene ke lie aya. dev lok ke raste se janak kalapuri pahuanche, jahaan bahut-se papi log vibhinn narakoan se prata dit kiye ja rahe the . un logoan ne jab janak ko chhookar jati huee hava mean saans li to unhean apani prata danaoan ka shaman hota anubhav hua aur narak ki agni ka tap shitalata mean badalane laga. jab janak vahaan se jane lage, tab narak ke vasiyoan ne unase rukane ki prarthana ki. janak sochane lage- "yadi ye narakavasi meri upasthiti se kuchh aram anubhav karate haian to maian isi kalapuri mean rahooanga, yahi mera svarg hoga."
aisa sochate hue ve vahian rook gaye. tab kal vibhinn prakar ke papiyoan ko unake karmanusar dand dene ke vichar se vahaan pahuanche aur janak ko vahaan dekhakar unhoanne poochha- "ap yahaan narak mean kya kar rahe haian?" janak ne apane thaharane ka karan batate hue kaha ki ve vahaan se tabhi prasthan kareange, jab kal un sabako mukt kar dega. kal ne pratyek papi ke vishay mean bataya ki use kyoan prata dit kiya ja raha hai. janak ne kal se unaki prata dana se mukti ki yukti poochhi. kal ne kaha- "tumhare kuchh puny inako de dean to inaki mukti ho sakati hai." janak ne apane puny unake prati de diye. unake mukt hone ke bad janak ne kal se poochha- "maianne kaun sa pap kiya tha ki mujhe yahaan ana p da?" kal ne kaha- "he rajan! sansar mean kisi bhi vyakti ke tumhare jitane puny nahian haian, par ek chhota-sa pap tumane kiya tha. ek bar ek gay ko ghas khane se rokane ke karan tumhean yahaan ana p da. ab pap ka phal pa chuke so tum svarg ja sakate ho." videh (janak) ne kal ko pranam kar svarg ke lie prasthan kiya.[10] isi karan janak ko videh kaha jata hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 aitihasik sthanavali |lekhak: vijayendr kumar mathur |prakashak: rajasthan hindi granth akadami, jayapur |sankalan: bharatakosh pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 857 |
- ↑ shaankhayan shrautasootr 16,295
- ↑ valmiki ramayan, balakand, 65,39
- ↑ mahabharat, sabhaparv, 30,13
- ↑ aank 6
- ↑ vayupuran 88,7-8
- ↑ vishnupuran 4,13107
- ↑ ayarang sootr, 2,15,17
- ↑ jo vaishali ke lichchhavi vansh ki rajakumari chhalana ka putr tha.
- ↑ padm puran, 30-39.
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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