विद्युत्कर्षण
vidyutkarshan (aangrezi: Electric Traction) rel, tram athava any kisi prakar ki ga di ko khianchane ke lie, vidyut shakti ka upayog karane ki vidhi ko kahate haian. is kshetr mean, vashp ianjan tatha any doosare prakar ke ianjan hi samany roop se prayog kie jate rahe haian. vidyuth shakti ka karshan ke lie prayog sapekshataya navin hai aur mukhyat: pichhale 60 varshoan mean hi vikasat hua hai. parantu apani vishesh suvidhaoan ke karan, isaka prayog badhata ja raha hai aur dhire-dhire any sadhanoan ka sthan yah ab leta ja raha hai. vidyutkarshan mean niyantran ki suvidha tatha ga diyoan ka adhik veg se sanchalan ho sakane ke karan utane hi samay mean adhik yatayat ki upalabdhi ho sakati hai. sath hi koyala, dhuaan athava hanikarak gaisoan ke n hone se adhik svachchhata rahati hai aur nagar ki ghani abadi vale bhagoan mean bhi isaka prayog sanbhav hai.
vidyut motar
vidyutkarshan tantr mean vidyut motaroan dvara chalit lokomotiv[1] ga di ko khianchata hai. rel ki lain ke sath oopar mean ek vidyut lain hoti haian, jisase chalak ga di ek chalanashil burush dvara sanpark karati hai. rel ki lain, nigetiv lain ka kam deti hai aur shoony voltata par hoti hai. isake liye ise achchhi prakar bhoomit[2] bhi kar diya jata hai. is prakar ise chhoone se kisi prakar ki durghatana ki sanbhavana nahian rahati. oopari lain ki boltata, prayog ki jane vali motaroan evan sanbharanatantr par nirbhar karati hai. purane tantroan mean 600 volt ki voltata sadharanataya prayog ki jati hai yadyapi 1,500 volt evan 3,000 volt bhi ab samany ho ge haian. pichhale kuchh varshoan mean, uchch voltata tantroan ki rachana ki gee hai aur uchch voltata par pravartit hone vale ekapravastha[3] pratyavarti dharatantr ka prayog kiya gaya hai aur ab samanyat: inhian ka prayog hone laga hai. ye samanyat: 16,000 athava 25,000 volt ki veltata par pravartit hote haian.[4]
disht dhara motar
vidyutkarshan ke lie prayog hone vali motaroan ko aranbh mean adhikatam karshan aianthan[5] ka upalabdh karana avashyak hota hai, kyoanki kisi bhi ga di ko khianchane ke lie aranbh mean bahut shakti ki avashyakata hoti hai, parantu jaise-jaise veg badhata jata hai, kam shakti ki avashyakata hoti hai. aranbh mean adhik aianthan se tvaran[6] shighrata se utpann kiya ja sakata hai. in motaroan ko alp samay ke lie atibhar[7] sanbhalane ki kshamata bhi honi chahie. in lakshanoan ke anusar disht dhara shreni motar[8] sabase adhik upayukt hoti hai tatha samany roop se vyavahar mean ati haian, parantu disht dhara motarean samanyat: uchch voltata par pravartan ke lie upayukt nahian hotian aur is karan disht dhara karshanatantr samanyat: 3,000 volt tak ke hi hote haian. disht dhara tantroan ki apeksha pr.dha. tantr sanbharan adhik samany hene ke karan, karshan mean bhi inaka prayog karane ke prayatn barabar kie jate rahe haian.
kuchh vishisht praroop ki disht dhara motarean, lakshan mean disht dhara shreni motar ke saman hoti haian. inaki sanrachana pichhale 50 varshoan se hi shodh ka samany vishay rahi hai aur ab aisi ekapravastha disht dhara motarean banaee gee haian, jinake lakshan disht dhara shreni motaroan ke saman karshan ke lie upayukt hoan. in pr.dha. motaroan ka bhar usi shakti ki disht dhara motaroan se kafi kam hoti hai aur ye sapekshataya sasti hoti haian. inaka sabase b da labh inake uchch voltata par pravartan mean hai. is karan uchch voltata tantr prayog karana sanbhav hai, jisase karshanatantr mean paryapt bachat ki ja sakati hai. parantu ye motarean samany shakti avritti[9]par upayukt lakshan nahian de patian. inaka pravartan kam avritti par adhik santoshaprad hota hai. at: karshan ke lie samanyat:, athava 25 chakriy avritti ka prayog kiya jata hai. is karan inhean samany sanbharanatantroan se nahian sanbharan kiya ja sakata hai. ekapravastha tantr hone ke karan upakeandr[10] par pravastha santulan[11] ki samasya bhi rahati hai. parantu in samasyaoan ke upayukt samadhan ho chuke haian aur ab 16,000 aur 25,000 volt ke, shhathava 25 chakriy avritti ke, ekapravastha vale pr.dha. tantr karshan ke lie samany roop se prayog kie jate haian. kahian-kahian donoan tantroan ki visheshataoan ka labh uthane ke lie, sanbharan lain [12] uchch voltata pr.dha. ki hoti hai tatha rrijukari dvara use roopaantarit kar di.dha. motaroan ka prayog kiya jata hai.[4]
pr.dha. karshanatantroan mean bhi, samany tripravastha sanbharan se ek pravastha lain lekar, pravastha parivartan[13] dvara use tripravastha tantr mean badalakar, tripravastha preran motar [14]prayog karana bhi sanbhav hai. is prakar samany motaroan ka prayog kiya ja sakata hai aur pravastha santulan ki samasya ka bhi sahaj samadhan ho sakata hai. vastut: hangari mean aise hi karshanatantr ka prayog kiya gaya hai, parantu tripravastha preran motaroan ke lakshan karshan ke lie itane upayukt n hone ke karan, yah tantr samany prayog mean nahian a saka hai.
prayog
vidyutkarshan ke kshetr mean yadyapi briten ka mahatvapoorn sthan hai, tathapi pr.dha. karshanatantr prayog karane mean hangari agragany raha hai. yahaan isaka prayog sabase pahale 1932 ee. mean kiya gaya. isake bad jarmani mean 1936 ee. mean is tantr ka prayog kiya gaya. fraans mean ise 1950 ee. mean apanaya aur 25,000 volt ke ek pravastha pr.dha. karshanatantr ke vikas mean mahatvapoorn yogadan diya. bharat mean bhi mukhy rel lainoan ke vidyutikaran mean bhi yahi tantr prayog kiya ja raha hai. uchch voltata par pravartan karane ke karan, keandroan ki sankhya kam ho jati hai aur ve adhik door ho sakate haian. isase bhi tantr mean kafi bachat ho sakati hai. uchch voltata ke prayog se vaise hi tar mean tatha doosari sajjaoan mean kafi bachat hoti hai. at: mukhy lainoan par ekapravastha uchch voltata pr.dha. tantr ka prayog samany ho gaya hai.[4]
motaroan ki niyantran vyavastha
vidyutkarshan ke lie prayog hone vali motaroan ki niyantran vyavastha atyant mahatvapoorn hai, kyoanki isi ke karan vidyutkarshan tantr itane samany ho sake haian. disht dhara shreni motaroan ke lie dram niyantrak[15] prayog kie jate haian, jinamean aranbhan, veganiyantran tatha brekan[16] sabhi ka pravadhan kiya jata hai. sath hi suvidhapoorvak ichchhanusar ga di ko age tatha pichhe chalaya ja sakata hai. ek pravastha pr.dha. motaroan mean bhi jo niyantrak prayog kie jate haian, ve bhi in sab prayojanoan ka pravadhan karate haian. niyantrakoan mean hi sanrakshan yuktiyaan[17] bhi lagi hoti haian, jo motar ko atibhar [18]tatha atichal[19] se bacha sakean. oopari lain se sanpark karane vala sansparsh burush[20] bhi is prakar ke sanrachak dvara vyavasthit hota hai ki burush tatha sansparsh tar mean saman dab rahe aur veg tatha any kisi karan se sansparsh pratirodh[21] mean vicharan n utpann ho.
surangoan evan adhik yatayat sthaloan par, oopari lain ka prayog karana sanbhav nahian ho pata. at: tar ke sthan par ek doosari sansparsh rel ka prayog kiya jata hai jo bhoomi ke niche rahati hai. spashtataya adhik vyay ke karan sabhi sthanoan par isaka prayog nahian kiya ja sakata. kahian-kahian sanpoorn vidyuth tantr ke sthan par dizal vidyuth lokomotiv[22] ka prayog kiya jata hai, jisamean dizal ianjan dvara vidyuth utpann karake vidyuth karshan ka labh uthaya jata hai. vidyutkarshan hamare yug ka ek atyant mahatvapoorn sadhan hai, jisaka upayog adhikadhik badhata ja raha hai.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ locomotive
- ↑ earthed
- ↑ single phase
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 vidyutkarshan (hiandi) bharatakhoj. abhigaman tithi: 8 sitambar, 2015.
- ↑ torque
- ↑ acceleration
- ↑ overload
- ↑ D.C. series motor
- ↑ power frequency
- ↑ substation
- ↑ phase balancing
- ↑ supply line
- ↑ phase conversion
- ↑ three phase induction motor
- ↑ drum controller
- ↑ braking
- ↑ protective devices
- ↑ overload
- ↑ overspeed
- ↑ contact brush
- ↑ contact resistance
- ↑ diesel electric locomotive