विश्व पर्यावरण दिवस

vishv paryavaran divas
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vivaran	vishv paryavaran divas sanyukt rashtr dvara sakaratmak paryavaran kary hetu duniya bhar mean manaya jane vala sabase b da utsav hai.
tithi	5 joon
shuruat	sanh 1972
uddeshy	paryavaran ki gunavatta ke sanrakshan hetu sabhi avashyak qadam uthana. jaise- paryavaran pradooshan ke nivaran, niyantran aur upashaman hetu rashtravyapi karyakram ki yojana banana aur use kriyanvit karana.
sanbandhit lekh	prithvi divas, vishv jal divas
any janakari	prithvi ka tin chauthaee hissa jalamagn hai phir bhi qarib 0.3 phisadi jal hi pine yogy hai. vibhinn udyogoan aur manav bastiyoan ke kachare ne jal ko itana pradooshit kar diya hai ki pine ke qarib 0.3 phisadi jal mean se matr qarib 30 phisadi jal hi vastav mean pine ke layaq rah gaya hai.

vishv paryavaran divas sanyukt rashtr dvara sakaratmak paryavaran kary hetu duniya bhar mean manaya jane vala sabase b da utsav hai. paryavaran aur jivan ka anyonyashrit sanbandh hai tathapi hamean alag se yah divas manakar paryavaran ke sanrakshan, sanvardhan aur vikas ka sankalp lene ki avashyakata p d rahi hai. yah chiantajanak hi nahian, sharmanak bhi hai. paryavaran pradooshan ki samasya par sanh 1972 mean sanyukt rashtr sangh ne stakahom (svidan) mean vishv bhar ke deshoan ka pahala paryavaran sammelan ayojit kiya. isamean 119 deshoan ne bhag liya aur pahali bar ek hi prithvi ka siddhaant many kiya. isi sammelan mean sanyukt rashtr paryavaran karyakram (UNEP) ka janm hua tatha prati varsh 5 joon ko paryavaran divas ayojit karake nagarikoan ko pradooshan ki samasya se avagat karane ka nishchay kiya gaya. tatha isaka mukhy uddeshy paryavaran ke prati jagarookata late hue rajanitik chetana jagrit karana aur am janata ko prerit karana tha. ukt goshthi mean tatkalin pradhanamantri shrimati iandira gaandhi ne 'paryavaran ki big dati sthiti evan usaka vishv ke bhavishy par prabhav' vishay par vyakhyan diya tha. paryavaran-suraksha ki disha mean yah bharat ka praranbhik qadam tha. tabhi se ham prati varsh 5 joon ko vishv paryavaran divas manate a rahe haian.[[chitr:stamp_Environment_Day.jpg|thumb|left|dak tikatoan mean vishv paryavaran divas]]

paryavaran sanrakshan adhiniyam

• 19 navanbar 1986 se paryavaran sanrakshan adhiniyam lagoo hua. tadanusar jal, vayu, bhoomi- in tinoan se sanbandhit karak tatha manav, paudhoan, sookshm jiv, any jivit padarth adi paryavaran ke aantargat ate haian. paryavaran sanrakshan adhiniyam ke kee mahattvapoorn biandu haian. jaise-

1. paryavaran ki gunavatta ke sanrakshan hetu sabhi avashyak qadam uthana.
2. paryavaran pradooshan ke nivaran, niyantran aur upashaman hetu rashtravyapi karyakram ki yojana banana aur use kriyanvit karana.
3. paryavaran ki gunavatta ke manak nirdharit karana.
4. paryavaran suraksha se sanbandhit adhiniyamoan ke aantargat rajy-sarakaroan, adhikariyoan aur sanbandhitoan ke kam mean samanvay sthapit karana.
5. aise kshetroan ka parisiman karana, jahaan kisi bhi udyog ki sthapana athava audyogik gatividhiyaan sanchalit n ki ja sakean, adi- adi. ukt-adhiniyam ka ullanghan karane valoan ke lie kathor dand ka pravadhan hai.

vartaman mean paryavaran ki sthiti

• ajakal 5 joon 'vishv paryavaran divas' ka ayojan mahaj ek rasm adayagi hai. bhale hi is avasar par b de-b de vyakhyan diye jaean, hazaroan paudha-ropan kie jaean aur paryavaran sanrakshan ki jhoothi qasamean khayi jaean, par is ek din ko chho d shesh 365 din prakriti ke prati hamara amanaviy vyavahar is bat ka spasht praman hai ki ham paryavaran ke prati kitane udasin aur sanvedan shoony haian? aj hamare pas shuddh peyajal ka abhav hai, saans lene ke lie shuddh hava kam p dane lagi hai. jangal katate ja rahe haian, jal ke srot nasht ho rahe haian, vanoan ke lie avashyak vany prani bhi vilin hote ja rahe haian. audyogikaran ne khet-khalihan aur van-prantar nigal liye. vany jivoan ka ashiyana chhin gaya. kal-karakhane dhuaan ugal rahe haian aur pranavayu ko dooshit kar rahe haian. yah sab khatare ki ghanti hai.
• bharat ki sattar pratishat abadi gaanvoan mean rahati hai. ab vah bhi shaharoan mean palayan hetu atur hai jabaki shahari jivan narakiy ho chala hai. vahaan hariyali ka namonishan nahian hai, bahumanjili imaratoan ke jangal pasarate ja rahe haian. shahari gharoan mean kuean nahian hote, pani ke lie bahari srot par nirbhar rahana p data hai. gaanvoan se palayan karane valoan ki jhuggiyaan shaharoan ki samasyaean badhati haian. yadi sarakar gaanvoan ko suvidha-sanpann banane ki or dhyan dean to vahaan se logoan ka palayan ruk sakata hai. vahaan achchhi s dakean, avagaman ke sadhan, skool-k aaulej, aspatal v any avashyak suvidhaean sulabh hoan tatha shasan ki kalyanakari nitiyoan aur yojanaoan ka labh amajan ko milane ka poora prabandh ho to log palayan kyoan kareange ? gaanvoan mean krishi kary achchhe se ho, kuean-talab, bav diyoan ki saphaee yatha-samay ho, gandagi se bachav ke upay kiye jaean. sankshep mean yah ki vahaan gramin vikas yojanaoan ka eemanadari-poorvak sanchalan ho to gramoan ka svaroop nishchay hi badalega aur vahaan ke paryavaran se prabhavit hokar shahar se jane vale naukari-pesha bhi vahaan rahane ko atur hoange.

vishv paryavaran divas ke avasar par vriksharopan karate log

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• dharati ka tapaman nirantar badh raha hai, isalie pashu-pakshiyoan ki kee prajatiyaan lupt ho gayi haian. jangaloan se sher, chite, bagh adi gayab ho chale haian. bharat mean 50 karo d se bhi adhik janavar haian, jinamean se paanch karo d prati varsh mar jate haian aur sadhe chh: karo d naye janm lete haian. vany prani prakritik santulan sthapit karane mean sahayak hote haian. unaki ghatati sankhya paryavaran ke lie ghatak hai. jaise giddh janavar ki prajati vany jivan ke lie varadan hai par ab 90 pratishat giddh mar chuke haian isilie desh ke vibhinn bhagoan mean s de hue janavar dikh jate haian. jabaki ausatan bis minat mean hi giddhoan ka jhuand ek b de mrit janavar ko kha jata tha. paryavaran ki drishti se vany praniyoan ki raksha anivary hai. isake lie sarakar ko van-sanrakshan aur vanoan ke vistar ki yojana par ganbhirata se kary karana hoga. vanoan se lage hue gramavasiyoan ko vanikaran ke labh samajha kar unaki sahayata leni hogi tabhi hamare jangal naye sire se vikasit ho paeange jisaki nitaant avashyakata hai.

paryavaran pradooshan

prithvi ke sabhi prani ek-doosare par nirbhar hai tatha vishv ka pratyek padarth ek-doosare se prabhavit hota hai. isalie aur bhi avashyak ho jata hai ki prakriti ki in sabhi vastuoan ke bich avashyak santulan ko banaye rakha jaye. is 21vian sadi mean jis prakar se ham audyogik vikas aur bhautik samriddhi ki or badhe chale ja rahe haian, vah paryavaran santulan ko samapt karata ja raha hai. anekanek udyog-dhandhoan, vahanoan tatha anyany mashini upakaranoan dvara ham har gh di jal aur vayu ko pradooshit karate rahate haian. vayumandal mean b de paimane par lagatar vibhinn ghatak audyogik gaisoan ke chho de jane se paryavaran santulan par atyant viparit prabhav p data rahata hai. mukhyatah paryavaran ke pradooshit hone ke mukhy karan haian - nirantar badhati abadi, audyogikaran, vahanoan dvara chho da jane vala dhuaan, nadiyoan, talaboan mean girata hua koo da-kachara, vanoan ka katan, khetoan mean rasayanoan ka asantulit prayog, paha doan mean chattanoan ka khisakana, mitti ka katan adi.

bhoomi pradooshan

paryavaran ki raksha ke lie mrida, jal, vayu aur dhvani pradooshan ki rokatham anivary hai. bhoomi-pradooshan ka karan hai - vanoan ka vinash, khadanean, bhoo-ksharan, rasayanik khad tatha kitanashak davaoan ka upayog adi. bhoomi ki urvarata badhane hetu rasayanik khad ka tatha phasal ko ki doan aur rogoan se bachane ke lie kitanashak davaoan ka upayog kiya jata hai, jo bhoomi ko pradooshit kar dete haian. inake karan bhoomi ko labh pahuanchane vale meandhak v keanchua jaise jiv nasht ho jate haian jabaki phasaloan ko kshati pahuanchane vale ki de-mako doan se bachav mean yahi jiv sahayak hote haian. at: krishi phasal mean elagi, kampost khad tatha hari khad ka upayog kiya jana chahie taki khetoan mean aise labhadayak jivoan ki vriddhi ho sake jo kheti ki urvara shakti badha sakean. krishi tatha any karyoan mean kitanashakoan ke prayog ki bat karean to vishv svasthy sangathan ne adhikaansh kitanashakoan ko vishaila ghoshit kiya hai, bavajood isake hamare desh mean to inaka prayog dh dalle se ho raha hai.

jal pradooshan

prithvi ka tin chauthaee hissa jalamagn hai phir bhi qarib 0.3 phisadi jal hi pine yogy hai. vibhinn udyogoan aur manav bastiyoan ke kachare ne jal ko itana pradooshit kar diya hai ki pine ke qarib 0.3 phisadi jal mean se matr qarib 30 phisadi jal hi vastav mean pine ke layaq rah gaya hai. jal pradooshan ke karan anek bimariyaan jaise - pechish, khujali, haija, piliya adi phailate haian. chooanki ab jal-sankat ganbhir roop dharan kar chuka hai at: jal-srotoan ko sookhane se bachane ke sath-sath jal-pradooshan ko rokane ke upay bhi karane hoange. nirantar badhati janasankhya, pashu-sankhya, audyogikaran, jal-srotoan ke durupayog, varsha mean kami adi karanoan se jal-pradooshan ne ugr roop dharan kar liya hai. nadiyoan evan any jalasrotoan mean karakhanoan se nishkasit rasayanik padarth v ganda pani mil jane se vah pradooshit ho jata hai. nadiyoan ke kinare base nagaroan mean jal-adhajale shav tatha mrit janavar nadi mean pheank diye jate haian. krishi-utpadan badhane aur ki doan se unaki raksha hetu jo rasayanik khad evan kitanashak prayog mean laye jate haian ve varsha ke jal ke sath bahakar any jal-srotoan mean mil jate haian aur pradooshan phailate haian. nadiyoan, jalashayoan mean kap de dhone, koo da-kachara pheankane v mal-mootr visarjit karane se bhi yah sthiti paida hoti hai. aise mean jal ka durupayog rokana aur mitavyayita se usaka prayog karana avashyak hai. booand-booand se hi gh da bharata hai, yah kahavat ab charitarth ho rahi hai. hamean varsha ke jal ko sanrakshit karana hoga.

vayu aur dhvani pradooshan

• paryavaran ke lie vayu aur dhvani pradooshan bhi kam ghatak nahian hai. vayu mean 78 pratishat naitrojan, 21 pratishat aauksijan, 0.03 pratishat karban daiaauksaid tatha shesh nishkriy gaisean aur jal vashp hoti hai. hava mean vidyaman aauksijan hi jivadhariyoan ko jivit rakhata hai. manushy samanyat: pratidin baees hazar bar saans leta hai aur solah kilogram aauksijan ka upayog karata hai jo ki usake dvara grahan kiye jane vale bhojan aur jal ki matra se bahut adhik hai. vayumandal mean aauksijan ka prachur bhandar hai kiantu audyogik pragati ke karan vah pradooshit ho chala hai. ghareloo eeandhan, vahanoan ki badhati sankhya aur audyogik karakhane isake lie zimmedar haian. isase nipatane ke lie koyala, dijal v petrol ka upayog vivek-poorn dhang se hona chahie. karakhanoan mean chimaniyoan ki ooanchaee badhayi jae tatha usamean philtar ka upayog kiya jae. gharoan evan hotaloan mean eeandhan ke roop mean gobar gais v saur oorja ke istemal par zor diya jana chahie.
• dhvani-pradooshan ek ganbhir samasya hai jo paryavaran hi nahian sanpoorn jiv jagat ke lie chunauti hai. jiv jantuoan ke alava pe d paudhe tatha bhavan adi bhi vayu pradooshan se prabhavit hote haian. aye din mashinoan, laudaspikaroan, karoan dvara tatha vivahotsav, tyoharoan, dharmik karyoan ke avasaroan par hone vala dhvani pradooshan n jane kitanoan ki niand haram karata rahata hai. aniyantrit janasankhya, shaharoan mean yatayat ke vividh sadhanoan, samajik evan saanskritik samarohoan mean dhvani vistarak yantroan tatha kal-karakhanoan ke karan bahut shoragul badh raha hai. log teliphon aur mobail par bhi chikh-chikhakar batean karate haian. malti stori avasoan tak mean dhime bolane ki sanskriti vikasit nahian ho saki hai. dhvani pradooshan niyantran hetu qanoon to hai par usaka palan nahian kiya jata.
• vartaman samay mean hamare dvara chho de jane vale dhuean ityadi ka aandaza isi se lagaya ja sakata hai ki irak yuddh ke samay irak par hone vali bamabari tatha vahaan ke tel ke kuoan mean lagane vali ag ke karan vayumandal mean itana vishakt pahuanch gaya ki vahaan do-tin bar kale pani ki varsha ho chuki hai. bharat mean lagabhag 4000 se adhik rasayanik karakhane hai jinamean kam karane vale anek rogoan se pi dit ho jate hai aur anekoan ka to jivan hi samapt ho jata hai. van aur vrikshoan ka vinash pradooshan ka ek mukhy karan hai. isake sath hi vichar pradooshan mean ek svarthabaddh evan sankuchit vichar vayumandal mean dooshit lahariyoan ka sanchar karate hai. inake karan anek pe d-paudhe tatha phooloan ki vriddhi badhit hoti hai tatha anaitik karyoan ki prerana prapt hoti hai.

vishv paryavaran divas ke thim tatha nare

kr. san.	varsh	thim tatha nare
1.	2016	thim- "duniya ko ek behatar jagah banane ke lie dau d mean shamil hoan."
2.	2015	thim- "ek vishv, ek paryavaran."
3.	2014	thim- "chhote dvip vikasit rajy hote haian" ya "esaidies" aur "apani avaz uthao, na ki samudr star."
4.	2013	thim- "socho, khao, bachao" aur nara- "apane phoodapriant ko ghatao."
5.	2012	thim- "harit arthavyavastha: kyoan isane apako shamil kiya hai?"
6.	2011	thim- "jangal: prakriti apaki seva mean."
7.	2010	thim- "bahut sari prajati. ek grah. ek bhavishy."
8.	2009	thim- "apake grah ko apaki jarurat hai- jalavayu parivartan ka virodh karane ke liye ek hona."
9.	2008	thim- "CO2, adat ko lat maro- ek nimn karban arthavyavastha ki or."
10.	2007	thim- "barph ka pighalana- ek ganbhir vishay hai?"
11.	2006	thim- "registan aur marusthalikaran" aur nara- "shushk bhoomi par registan mat banao."
12.	2005	thim- "harit shahar" aur nara- "grah ke liye yojana banayean."
13.	2004	thim- "chahate haian! samudr aur mahasagar" aur nara- "mrityu ya jivit?"
14.	2003	thim- "jal" aur nara- "2 biliyan log isake liye mar rahean haian."
15.	2002	thim- "prithvi ko ek mauka do."
16.	2001	thim- "jivan ki varld vaid veb."
17.	2000	thim- "paryavaran shatabdi" aur nara- "kam karane ka samay."
18.	1999	thim- "hamari prithvi- hamara bhavishy" aur nara- "ise bachayean."
19.	1998	thim- "prithvi par jivan ke liye" aur nara- "apane sagar ko bachayean."
20.	1997	thim- "prithvi par jivan ke liye."
21.	1996	thim- "hamari prithvi, hamara avas, hamara ghar."
22.	1995	thim- "ham log: vaishvik paryavaran ke liye ek ho."
23.	1994	thim- "ek prithvi ek parivar."
24.	1993	thim- "garibi aur paryavaran" aur nara- "dushchakr ko to do."
25.	1992	thim- "keval ek prithvi, dhyan dean aur baantean."
26.	1991	thim- "jalavayu parivartan. vaishvik sahayog ke liye jarurat."
27.	1990	thim- "bachche aur paryavaran."
28.	1989	thim- "global varmiang; global varmiang."
29.	1988	thim- "jab log paryavaran ko pratham sthan par rakheange, vikas aant mean ayega."
30.	1987	thim- "paryavaran aur chhat: ek chhat se jyada."
31.	1986	thim- "shaanti ke liye ek paudha."
32.	1985	thim- "yuva: janasankhya aur paryavaran."
33.	1984	thim- "marusthalikaran."
34.	1983	thim- "khataranak gandagi ko nipatana aur prabandhan karana: esid ki barish aur oorja."
35.	1982	thim- "st aaukahom (paryavaran chiantaoan ka pun:sthapan) ke 10 varsh bad."
36.	1981	thim- "jamin ka pani; manav khady shrriankhala mean jaharila rasayan."
37.	1980	thim- "naye dashak ke liye ek nayi chunauti: bina vinash ke vikas."
38.	1979	thim- "hamare bachchoan ke liye keval ek bhavishy" aur nara- "bina vinash ke vikas."
39.	1978	thim- "bina vinash ke vikas."
40.	1977	thim- "ojon parat paryavaran chianta; bhoomi ki hani aur mitti ka nimnikaran."
41.	1976	thim- "jal: jivan ke liye ek b da srot."
42.	1975	thim- "manav samajhauta."
43.	1974	thim- "74 ke pradarshan ke dauran keval ek prithvi."
44.	1973	thim- "keval ek prithvi."

paryavaran ke prati jagarookata aur samadhan

paryavaran ki avahelana ke ganbhir dushparinam samooche vishv mean parilakshit ho rahe haian. ab sarakar jitane bhi niyam-qanoon lagoo karean usake sath sath janata ki jagarookata se hi paryavaran ki raksha sanbhav ho sakegi. isake lie kuchh atyant samany batoan ko jivan mean dridhatapoorvak apanana avashyak hai. jaise -

1. pratyek vyakti prati varsh yadagar avasaroan par apane ghar, mandir ya aise sthal par phaladar athava aushadhiy paudha-ropan kare, jahaan usaki dekhabhal ho sake.
2. upahar mean bhi sabako paudhe dean.
3. shiksha sansthanoan v karyalayoan mean vidyarthi, shikshak, adhikari aur karmacharigan rashtriy parv tatha mahattvapoorn tithiyoan par paudhe ropean.
4. vidyarthi ek sanstha mean jitane varsh adhyayan karate haian, utane paudhe vahaan lagayean aur jivit bhi rakhean.
5. pratyek gaanv/shahar mean har muhalle v k aauloni mean paryavaran sanrakshan samiti banayi jaye.
6. niji vahanoan ka upayog kam se kam kiya jae.
7. rediyo-telivizan ki avaz dhimi rakhean. sadaiv dhime svar mean bat karean. ghar mean parti ho tab bhi shor n hone dean.
8. jal vyarth n bahayean. ga di dhone ya paudhoan ko pani dene mean istemal kiye pani ka prayog karean.
9. anavashyak bijali ki batti jalati n chhodean. p aaulithin ka upayog n karean. kachara koo dedan mean hi dalean.
10. apana makan banava rahe hoan to usamean varsha ke jal-sanrakshan aur udyan ke lie jagah avashy rakhean.

• aisi anek chhoti-chhoti batoan par dhyan dekar bhi paryavaran ki raksha ki ja sakati hai. ye apake kee anavashyak kharchoan mean to kami layeange hi, paryavaran ke prati apani zimmedari nibhane ki atmasantushti bhi deange. to prayas kijiye - sirph salana ayojan ke upalakshy mean hi nahian balki ek adat ke roop mean bhi paryavaran chetana ko apanane ka. ullekhaniy hai ki paryavaran-sanrakshan hetu utkrisht kary karane vale vyakti aur sangathan ko bharat sarakar ke paryavaran evan van mantralay dvara ek-ek lakh rupaye ka iandira gaandhi paryavaran puraskar prati varsh 19 navanbar ko pradan kiya jata hai.
• paryavaran ki mahatta ko dekhate hue ise skooloan mean bachchoan ki pathan samagri mean shamil kar liya gaya hai. hamare charoan or prakriti tatha manav nirmit jo bhi jivit-nirjiv vastuean hai, ve sab milakar paryavaran banati hai. is prakar mitti, pani, hava, pe d-paudhe, jiv-jantu sabhi kuchh paryavaran se aang hai, aur in sabhi ke apasi talamel ko paryavaran santulan kaha jata hai.

saraansh

[[chitr:World-Environment-Day---Green-Cities.jpg|dak tikatoan mean vishv paryavaran divas|250px|thumb]] saraansh roop mean audyogik vikas, garibi aur any vikas se utpann vatavaran, badalata hua sochane-samajhane ka dhang adi zimmedar hai. paryavaran pradooshan ke ham pratyek kary karane se poorv yah sochate haian ki isake karane se hamean kya labh hoga, jabaki hamean yah sochana chahie ki hamare is kary se kisi ko koee nukasan to nahian hoga. bharat ke rrishi-muniyoan ne aj se saik doan varsh poorv paryavaran ke prati apane dayitv ka anubhav karate hue kaha tha - prakriti hamari mata hai, jo apana sarvasv apane bachchoan ko arpan kar deti hai. prakriti ki god mean khelakar, lot-pot kar ham b de hote haian. vah hamari samast avashyakataoan ki poorti karati hai. dharati, nadi, paha d, maidan, van, pashu-pakshi, akash, jal, vayu adi sab hamean jivanayapan mean sahayata pradan karate hai. ye sab hamare paryavaran ke aang hai. apane jivan ke sarvasv paryavaran ki raksha karana, usako banae rakhana ham manavoan ka kartavy hona chahie. hakiqat to yah hai ki svachchh paryavaran jivan ka adhar hai aur paryavaran pradooshan jivan ke astitv ke sammukh prashnachihn laga deta hai. paryavaran jivan ke pratyek paksh se ju da hua hai. isilie yah ati avashyak ho jata hai ki pratyek vyakti apane paryavaran ke prati jagarook rahe aur is prakar paryavaran ka sthan jivan ki prathamikataoan mean sarvadhik mahattvapoorn karyoan mean hona chahie, lekin afasos ki bat hai ki ham chet nahian rahe hai.

arth nahian paryavaran premi haian bharatiy

duniya mean sabase tezise badh rahi arthavyavasthaoan mean se ek bharat harit arthavyavastha banane ka prayas kar raha hai. ne sarvekshan mean khulasa hua hai ki bharatiy log arthik vriddhi par paryavaran raksha ko mamooli roop se prathamikata dete haian. amerika ki pramukh sarvekshan ejeansi ‘gailap’ ne apane taja sarvekshan mean kaha ki zyadatar abadi arthavyavastha se zyada paryavaran par dhyan keandrit kie hue haian. gailap ki manean to bharat ne vaishvik bhoobhag par harit kshetr ko badhane ke ullekhaniy prayas kie haian. isaki ek banagi rashtriy rajadhani dilli hai, jahaan hal ke varsho mean harit kshetr mean vriddhi darj ki gee hai. dilli ka lagabhag 20 phisadi hissa vanoan se dhaka hua hai. sarakar ne agale kuchh saloan mean ise badhakar 25 phisadi karane ka lakshy rakha hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
• vishv paryavaran divas 2012
• vishv paryavaran divas (panjab kesari)