विश्व बालश्रम निषेध दिवस

vishv balashram nishedh divas
majadoori karata balak|200px|center
vivaran	balashram ke virodh mean yah divas poore vishv mean manaya jata hai.
tithi	12 joon
uddeshy	balashram ki samasya ka samadhan evan pratyek bachche ko usaka adhikar pahuanchana
any janakari	bharat ki keandr sarakar ne 1986 mean 'balashram nishedh aur niyaman adhiniyam' parit kar diya. is adhiniyam ke anusar balashram takaniki salahakar samiti niyukt ki gee. is samiti ki sipharish ke anusar, khataranak udyogoan mean bachchoan ki niyukti nishiddh hai.

vishv balashram nishedh divas (aangrezi: World Day Against Child Labour) pratyek varsh 12 joon ko manaya jata hai. bharat mean balashram ki samasya dashakoan se prachalit hai. bharat sarakar ne balashram ki samasya ko samapt qadam uthae haian. bharatiy sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 23 khataranak udyogoan mean bachchoan ke rojagar par pratibandh lagata hai. bharat ki keandr sarakar ne 1986 mean balashram nishedh aur niyaman adhiniyam parit kar diya. is adhiniyam ke anusar balashram takaniki salahakar samiti niyukt ki gee. is samiti ki sipharish ke anusar, khataranak udyogoan mean bachchoan ki niyukti nishiddh hai. 1987 mean, rashtriy balashram niti banaee gee thi.

bharat mean balashram

bharatavarsh mean praranbh se hi bachchoan ko eeshvar ka roop mana jata hai. eeshvar ke bal roop yatha 'bal ganesh', 'bal gopal', 'bal krishnaa', 'bal hanuman' adi isake pratyaksh udaharan haian. bharat ki dharati dhruv, prahlad, lav-kush evan abhimanyu jaise bal charitroan se pati huee hai. bachchoan ka vartaman drishy isase bhinn hai. bachchoan ka bhavishy aandhakaramay hota ja raha hai. garib bachche sabase adhik shoshan ka shikar ho rahe haian. garib bachchiyoan ka jivan bhi atyadhik shoshit hai. chhote-chhote garib bachche skool chho dakar bal-shram hetu majaboor haian. bal-shram, manavadhikar ka khula ullanghan hai. yah bachchoan ke manasik, sharirik, atmik, bauddhik evan samajik hitoan ko prabhavit karata hai. bachche aj ke parivesh mean ghareloo naukar ka kary kar rahe haian. ve hotaloan, karakhanoan, seva-kendroan, dukanoan adi mean kary kar rahe haian, jisase unaka bachapan poornataya prabhavit ho raha hai.

bharat ke sanvidhan, 1950 ka anuchchhed 24 spasht karata hai ki 14 varsh se kam umr ke kisi bhi bachche ko aise kary ya karakhane ityadi mean n rakha jaye jo khataranak ho. karakhana adhiniyam, bal adhiniyam, bal shram nirodhak adhiniyam adi bhi bachchoan ke adhikar ko suraksha dete haian kintu isake viparit aj ki sthiti bilakul bhinn hai. pichhale kuchh varshoan se bharat sarakar evan rajy sarakaroan ki pahal is disha mean sarahaniy hai. unake dvara bachchoan ke utthan ke lie anek yojanaoan ko praranbh kiya gaya haian, jisase bachchoan ke jivan v shiksha par sakaratmak prabhav dikhe. shiksha ka adhikar bhi is disha mean ek sarahaniy kary hai. isake bavajood bal-shram ki samasya abhi bhi ek vikat samasya ke roop mean virajaman hai. isamean koee shak nahian ki bal-shram ki samasya kisi bhi desh v samaj ke lie ghatak hai. bal-shram par poornataya rok lagani chahie. bal-shram ki samasya j d se samapt hona ati avashyak hai.

kuchh rochak aank dean

left|thumb|250px|vishv balashram nishedh divas bharat ki bat karean to sarakari aank doan ke anusar 2 karo d aur aantarrashtriy shram sangathan ke anusar to lagabhag 5 karo d bachche bal shramik haian. in balashramikoan mean se 19 pratishat ke lagabhag ghareloo naukar haian, gramin aur asangathit kshetroan mean tatha krishi kshetr se lagabhag 80% ju de hue haian. shesh any kshetroan mean, bachchoan ke abhibhavak hi bahut tho de paisoan mean unako aise thekedaroan ke hath bech dete haian jo apani vyavastha ke anusar unako hotaloan, kothiyoan tatha any karakhanoan adi mean kam par laga dete haian. unake niyokta bachchoan ko tho da sa khana dekar manamana kam karate haian. 18 ghante ya usase bhi adhik kam karana, adhe pet bhojan aur manamafik kam n hone par pitaee yahi unaka jivan ban jata hai.

keval ghar ka kam nahian in balashramikoan ko patakhe banana, kalin bunana, veldiang karana, tale banana, pital udyog mean kam karana, kaanch udyog, hira udyog, machis, bi di banana, khetoan mean kam karana (bail ki tarah), koyale ki khanoan mean, patthar khadanoan mean, simeant udyog, dava udyog mean tatha hotaloan v dhaboan mean jhoothe bartan dhona adi sabhi kam malik ki marzi ke anusar karane hote haian. in samast karyoan ke atirikt koo da binana, polithin ki gandi thailiyaan chunana, adi anek kary haian jahaan ye bachche apane bachapan ko nahian jite, narak bhugatate haian parivar ka pet palate haian. inake bachapan ke lie n maan ki loriyaan haian n pita ka dular, n khilaune haian, n skool n baladivas. inaki duniya simit hai to bas kam kam aur kam, dhire dhire bi di ke adhajale tuk de uthakar dhuaan udana, yaun shoshan ko khel manana inaki niyati ban jati hai. [[chitr:Stop-Child-Labour-Stamp.jpg|thumb|250px|vishv balashram nishedh divas (dak tikat)]] veldiang ke karan aankhean alpayu mean gavaan baithana, phaiktri ke dhuane mean nikalate khataranak avasheshoan ko shvas ke sath sharir ka aang bana lena, jaharili gaisoan se ghatak rogoan pheph doan ka keansar ti.bi. adi ka shikar banana, yaun shoshan ke karan eds ya any yaun rogoan ke karan sara jivan hom kar dena bharapet bhojan v niand n milane se any sharirik durbalataean, kahaan tak inaki samasyaoan ko gina jae ye to anaginat haian. aisa nahian ki keval l dake hi bal shramik haian l dakiyaan bhi in karyoan mean lagi hai. gharoan mean aise l dake l dakiyaan apako pray: mil jayeange jo ghareloo kary karate haian utpidan unaka bhi hota hai. vibhinn prakar ke udyog dhandhoan mean l dakiyaan karyarat haian baki sabhi samasyaoan ke sath yaun utpidan unaki dinacharya ka ek aang ban jata hai. aise bal shramikoan se sambandhit ek any samasya hai, bahut bar in bachchoan ko taskari adi karyoan mean bhi laga diya jata hai. madak dravyoan ki taskari mean v any aise hi karyoan mean inako sanlipt kar inaki vivashata ka labh uthaya jata hai. bachchoan ko muslim deshoan mean bech dene ki ghatanaean bhi hoti haian jahaan bachchoan ko manoranjan ka sadhan man khilauna bana diya jata hai vahaan ke shekhoan ke lie.

kya kahata hai bharatiy sanvidhan?

sanvaidhanik vyavastha ke anuroop bharat ka sanvidhan maulik adhikaroan aur rajy ke niti-nirdeshak siddhaant ki vibhinn dharaoan ke madhyam se kahata hai-

• 14 sal ke kam umr ka koee bhi bachcha kisi phaiktari ya khadan mean kam karane ke lie niyukt nahian kiya jayega aur n hi kisi any khataranak niyojan mean niyukt kiya jayega (dhara 24).
• rajy apani nitiyaan is tarah nirdharit kareange ki shramikoan, purushoan aur mahilaoan ka svasthy tatha unaki kshamata surakshit rah sake aur bachchoan ki kam umr ka shoshan n ho tatha ve apani umr v shakti ke pratikool kam mean arthik avashyakataoan ki poorti ke lie pravesh karean (dhara 39-ee).
• bachchoan ko svasth tarike se svatantr v sammanajanak sthiti mean vikas ke avasar tatha suvidhaean di jayeangi aur bachapan v javani ko naitik v bhautik durupayog se bachaya jayega (dhara 39-eph).
• sanvidhan lagoo hone ke 10 sal ke bhitar rajy 14 varsh tak ki umr ke sabhi bachchoan ko muft aur anivary shiksha dene ka prayas kareange (dhara 45).
• bal shram ek aisa vishay hai, jis par sanghiy v rajy sarakarean, donoan kanoon bana sakati haian. donoan staroan par kee kanoon banaye bhi gaye haian.
• any prayas jo is sandarbh mean samay samay par hue haian unamean
  • bal shram (nishedh v niyaman) kanoon 1986- yah kanoon 14 varsh se kam umr ke bachchoan ko kisi bhi avaidh peshoan aur 57 prakriyaoan mean, jinhean bachchoan ke jivan aur svasthy ke lie ahitakar mana gaya hai, niyojan ko nishiddh banata hai. in peshoan aur prakriyaoan ka ullekh kanoon ki anusoochi mean hai.
  • phaiktari kanoon 1948 - yah kanoon 14 varsh se kam umr ke bachchoan ke niyojan ko nishiddh karata hai. 15 se 18 varsh tak ke kishor kisi phaiktari mean tabhi niyukt kiye ja sakate haian, jab unake pas kisi adhikrit chikitsak ka phitanes praman patr ho. is kanoon mean 14 se 18 varsh tak ke bachchoan ke lie har din sadhe char ghante ki karyavadhi tay ki gayi hai aur rat mean unake kam karane par pratibandh lagaya gaya hai.
  • bharat mean bal shram ke khilaph karravaee mean mahatvapoorn nyayik hastakshep 1996 mean uchchatam nyayalay ke us phaisale se aya, jisamean sanghiy aur rajy sarakaroan ko khataranak prakriyaoan aur peshoan mean kam karane vale bachchoan ki pahachan karane, unhean kam se hatane aur unhean gunavattayukt shiksha pradan karane ka nirdesh diya gaya tha. nyayalay ne yah adesh bhi diya tha ki ek bal shram punarvas sah kalyan kosh ki sthapana ki jaye, jisamean bal shram kanoon ka ullanghan karanevale niyoktaoan ke aanshadan ka upayog ho.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• World Day Against Child Labour (12 June)
• World Day Against Child Labour - 12 June

sanbandhit lekh

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