विश्व स्तनपान सप्ताह
vishv stanapan saptah
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vivaran | stanapan ke prati jan jagarookata lane ke maqasad se agast mah ke pratham saptah ko poore vishv mean stanapan saptah ke roop mean manaya jata hai. |
uddeshy | shishuoan ko janm se chh: mah tak keval maan ka doodh pilane ke lie mahilaoan ko is saptah ke dauran vishesh roop se protsahit kiya jata hai. |
shtanapan | shtanapan shishu ke janhm ke pashhchat ek shvabhavik kriya hai. |
koloshtram | koloshtram athava maan ka pratham doodh yani vah gadha, pila doodh jo shishu janhm se lekar kuchh dinoan (4 se 5 din tak) mean uthpanhn hota hai, usamean vitamin, enhtib aaudi, anhy poshak tathv adhik matra mean hote haian. |
any janakari | rashtriy svasthy parivar kalyan sarvekshan 2005-2006 ke anusar desh ke qarib 46% bachche kuposhan se grasit haian. uttar pradesh mean yah aank da lagabhag 46% hai. bharat mean sabase zyada kuposhan se grasit bachche madhy pradesh mean haian. |
stanapan ke prati jan jagarookata lane ke maqasad se agast mah ke pratham saptah ko poore vishv mean stanapan saptah ke roop mean manaya jata hai. stanapan saptah ke dauran maan ke doodh ke mahattv ki janakari di jati hai. navajat shishuoan ke lie maan ka doodh amrit ke saman hai. maan ka doodh shishuoan ko kuposhan v atisar jaisi bimariyoan se bachata hai. stanapan ko badhava dekar shishu mrityu dar mean kami laee ja sakati hai. shishuoan ko janm se chh: mah tak keval maan ka doodh pilane ke lie mahilaoan ko is saptah ke dauran vishesh roop se protsahit kiya jata hai.
stanapan
shtanapan shishu ke janhm ke pashhchat ek shvabhavik kriya hai. bharat mean apane shishuoan ka shtanapan sabhi mataaian karati haian, paranhtu pahali bar maan banane vali mataoan ko shuroo mean shtanapan karane hetu sahayata ki avashhyakata hoti hai. shtanapan ke bare mean sahi jnan ke abhav mean janakari n hone ke karan bachhchoan mean kuposhan ka rog evan sankraman se dasht ho jate haian.
stanapan kyoan zaroori hai
- shishu ke lie stanapan sanrakshan aur sanvardhan ka kam karata hai. rog pratirodhatmak shakti ne janme hue bachche mean nahian hoti hai. yah shakti maan ke doodh se shishu ko hasil hoti hai. maan ke doodh mean lektophormin namak tattv hota hai, jo bachche ki aant mean lauh tattv ko baandh leta hai aur lauh tattv ke abhav mean shishu ki aant mean roganu panap nahian pate.
- maan ke doodh se ae sadharan jivanu bachche ki aant mean panapate haian aur roganuoan se pratispardha kar unhean panapane nahian dete. maan ke doodh mean roganu nashak tattv hote haian.
- maan ki aant mean vatavaran se pahuanche roganu, aant mean sthit vishesh bhag ke sanpark mean ate haian, jo un roganu-vishesh ke khilaf pratirodhatmak tattv banate haian. ye tattv ek vishesh nalika thorasik dakt se sidhe maan ke stan tak pahuanchate haian aur doodh ke dvara bachche ke pet mean. bachcha is tarah maan ka doodh pikar sada svasth rahata hai.
- maan ka doodh jin bachchoan ko bachapan mean paryapt roop se pine ko nahian milata, unamean bachapan mean shuroo hone vali madhumeh ki bimari adhik hoti hai. buddhi ka vikas un bachchoan mean doodh pine vale bachchoan ki apekshakrit kam hota hai. agar bachcha samay se poorv janma (primechyor) ho, to use b di aant ka ghatak rog, nekrotaijiang eantorokolaitis ho sakata hai. agar gay ka doodh pital ke bartan mean ubal kar diya gaya ho, to use livar (yakrit) ka rog iandiyan chaildahud sirosis ho sakata hai. isalie maan ka doodh chhah-ath mahine tak bachche ke lie shreshth hi nahian, jivan rakshak bhi hota hai.
visheshataean
maan ke doodh ki visheshataoan ke bare mean mahilaoan ko khasataur par vishv stanapan saptah ke dauran bataya ja raha hai. kaha jata hai ki maan ke doodh mean zaroori poshak tatv, eanti badij, harmon, pratirodhak karak aur aise aksideant maujood hote haian, jo navajat shishu ke behatar vikas aur svasthy ke lie zaroori hote haian.
maan ka doodh sarvottam ahar
- ekanishhth shtanapan ka arth janhm se chhah mah tak ke bachhche ko maan ke doodh ke alava pani ka koee thos ya taral ahar nahian dena chahie.
- maan ke doodh mean kafi matra mean pani hota hai jisase chhah mah tak ke bachhche ki pani ki avashhyakataaian garm aur shushhk mausam mean bhi poori ho sakean.
- maan ke doodh ke alava bachhche ko pani dene se bachhche ka doodh pina kam ho jata hai aur sankraman ka khatara badh jata hai.
- prasav ke adhe ghanhte ke anhdar-anhdar bachhche ke muanh mean shtan dena chahie.
- aaupareshan se prasav karae bachhchoan ko 4- 6 ghanhte ke anhdar jaise hi maan ki sthiti thik ho jae, shtan se laga dena chahie.[1]
pratham doodh (koloshtram)
pratham doodh (koloshtram) yani vah gadha, pila doodh jo shishu janhm se lekar kuchh dinoan (4 se 5 din tak) mean uthpanhn hota hai, usamean vitamin, enhtib aaudi, anhy poshak tathv adhik matra mean hote haian.
- yah sankramanoan se bachata hai, pratirakshan karata hai aur ratauandhi jaise rogoan se bachata hai.
- shtanapan ke lie koee bhi sthiti, jo suvidhajanak ho, apanayi ja sakati hai.
- kam janhm bhar ke aur samay poorv uthpanhn bachhche bhi shtanapan kar sakate haian.
- yadi bachhcha shtanapan nahian kar pa raha ho to ek kap aur chamhmach ki sahayata se shtan se nikala hua doodh pilayean.
- botal se doodh pine vale bachhchoan ko dasht rog hone ka khatara bahut adhik hota hai atah bachhchoan ko botal se doodh kabhi nahian pilayean.
- yadi bachhcha 6 mah ka ho gaya ho to use maan ke doodh ke sath- sath anhy poorak ahar ki bhi avashhyakata hoti haian.
- is sthiti mean shtanapan ke sath-sath anhy ghar mean hi banane vale khady pradarth jaise masali huee dal, ubala hua aloo, kela, dal ka pani, adi taral evan ardv taral thos khady padarth dene chahie, lekin shtanapan 1/2 varsh tak karate rahana chahie.
- yadi bachhcha bimar ho to bhi shtanapan evan poorak ahar jari rakhana chahie. shtanapan evan poorak ahar se bachhche ke shvashthhy mean jalhdi sudhar hota hai.
bachhchoan ke lie ahar (6 se 12 mahine)
- bachhchoan ko shtanapan ke sath-sath ardhathos ahar, mirch masale rahit daliya, khichadi, chaval, dalean, dahi ya doodh mean bhigoee roti masal kar dean.
- ek bar mean ek hi prakar ka bhojan shuroo karean.
- bhojan ki matra v vividhata dhire-dhire badhae.
- pakae evan masale hue aloo, sabjiyaan, kela tatha anhy phal bachhche ko dean.
- bachche ki shakti badhane ke lie ahar mean ek chamhmach tel ya ghi milaean.
- shtanapan se pahale bachhche ko poorak ahar khilayean.
kuposhan
vikas ke lakh dave karane ke bavazood bhi vishv mean bharat ek akela aisa desh hai jahaan har sal navajat shishuoan ke janm dar aur mrityu dar ka anupat sabase adhik hai. rashtriy svasthy parivar kalyan sarvekshan 2005-2006 ke anusar desh ke qarib 46% bachche kuposhan se grasit haian. uttar pradesh mean yah aank da lagabhag 46% hai. bharat mean sabase zyada kuposhan se grasit bachche madhy pradesh mean haian. uttar pradesh mean lagabhag 40% bachche ausat darje se kam bhar ke paida hote haian. pratyek sal 0 se 5 varsh tak ki ayu varg ke bachchoan mean hone vali mrityu ke aantarnihit karanoan mean lagabhag 60% mrityu kuposhan ke karan hoti hai. kuposhan ki samasya gramin chhetroan mean pichh di jati ke logoan, tatha ashikshit varg ke logoan mean adhik vyapt hai. kuposhan ki samasya garbhavati mahilaoan mean vyapak hone ke karan paida hone vale bachche kam bhar ke hote haian.
karan
shishu ko sahi samay aur paryapt matra mean maan ka doodh n mil pana bhi kuposhan ki samasya ka ek pramukh karan hai. shishu ke janm ke ek ghante ke bhitar stanapan ki shuruat, shishu aur 5 sal se kam ayu ke bachchoan ki mrityu ke anupat ko kam karane ki disha mean mahattvapoorn qadam hai. jisake dvara uchch navajat mrityu dar ko jabaradast dhang se ghataya ja sakata hai aur har sal bharat mean qarib das lakh shishuoan ki jan bachaee ja sakati hai. aank doan se pata chalata hai ki bharat mean keval 23% mataean hi shishu ke janm ke ek ghante ke bhitar stanapan kara pati haian. vahian uttar pradesh mean yah aank da sirf 7.2% hai. jo ki bharatiy rajyoan mean shishu stanapan ke anupat mean 28vean sthan par ata hai. jo mahilayean shishu ko janm ke pahale ek ghante mean stanapan shuroo kara deti haian unake pas shishuoan ko pahale 6 mahine tak saphalatapoorvak aur poornatah stanapan karane ke vyapak avasar badh jate haian. pahale 6 mahinoan tak poornatah stanapan karane se shishu svasth rahata hai aur poorn kshamata ke sath usake vikas ko bhi sunishchit karata hai.
sudhar
poshan mean sudhar lane ke liya samuday star par poshan se sambandhit vyavaharoan mean parivartan lakar poshan star mean sudhar laya ja sakata hai. uchit poshan ke kuchh pramukh vyavahar ko hamean dhyan rakhana chahie jaise–
- shishu ko garam rakhana evan kisi bhi bahy sankraman se bachana.
- garbhavati mahila ko garbhavastha ke dauran din mean do ghante aram tatha ek atirikt khurak avashy leni chahie.
- umr ke anusar nirdharit tikakaran avashy karana chahie.
- maan ko poshtik ahar lete rahana chahie.
- khane mean aise khady padarthoan ka istemal karana chahie jisamean lohe ki matr zyada se zyada ho, is bat ka hamesha dhyan rakhana chahie ki maan aur bachcha donoan hi hamesha 'ayodin' yukt namak ka hi prayog karean .
stanapan ke fayade
stanapan ke anek fayade haian. navajat shishu ke lie maan ke doodh se behatar aur koee bhi doodh nahian hota hai. isase donoan maan aur bachche ko anek labh pahuanchata hai. stanapan ke anek fayade haian-
- maan ka doodh supachy hota hai jisase yah shishu ko pet sambandhi g dab diyoan se bachata hai.
- stanapan shishu ki pratirodhak kshamata badhane mean bhi sahayak hota hai.
- stanapan se dama aur kan sambandhi bimariyaan niyantrit rahati hai, kyoanki maan ka doodh shishu ki nak aur gale mean pratirodhi tvacha bana deta hai.
- stanapan se jivan ke bad ke charanoan mean udar v shvasan tantr ke rog, rakt kaiansar, madhumeh tatha uchch raktachap ka khatara kam ho jata hai.
- stanapan se shishu ki bauddhik kshamata bhi badhati hai kyoanki stanapan karane vali maan aur usake shishu ke bich bhavanatmak rishta pragadh hota hai.
- stanapan karane vali mataoan ko stan ya garbhashay ke kaiansar ka khatara kam hota hai.
- shodhoan se siddh hua hai ki lambe tak stanapan karane vale bachche bad ke jivan mean utane hi adhik samay tak motape se bache rah sakate haian.
- maan ke doodh mean milane vale tattv metabolijm behatar karate haian.
- garbhavastha ke samay ya stanapan ke dauran maan ka jo bhi khan-pan rahata hai vah bad mean bachche ke lie bhi pasandida ban jata hai.
- maan ke doodh mean pae jane vale di.ech.e.(D.H.A.) v e.e.(A.A.) phaiti esid mastishk ki koshikaoan ke vikas mean mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibhate haian.
- stanapan se bachche ka aee. kyoo. (Intelligence Quotient) achchhi tarah vikasit hota hai.[2]
kritrim doodh aur maan ke doodh mean aantar
kritrim doodh, maan ke doodh ki gunavatta, ka anukaran karane ki koshish kar sakata hai, lekin sahi mayane mean yah anukaran ho hi nahian sakata hai. yah isalie ki maan ke doodh mean anek gunadharm haian, jinaka anukaran karana namumakin hai. kritrim doodh mean maan ke doodh ke jaisi samagri karbohaidret, protin, vasa aur vitamin ityadi dal die jate haian, kiantu inaki matra niyat rahati hai. maan ke doodh mean inaki matra badalati rahati hai. kabhi maan ka doodh gadha rahata hai to kabhi patala, kabhi doodh kam hota hai to kabhi adhik, janm ke turant bad aur janm ke kuchh haphtoan bad ya mahinoan bad badala rahata hai. isase doodh mean upasthit samagri ki matra badalati rahati hai, aur yah prakriti ka banaya gaya niyam hai ki maan ke doodh mean bachche ki umr ke sath badalav hote rahate haian. bhautik gunavatta ke alava, maan ke doodh mean anek jaivik gun hote haian, jo ki kritrim doodh mean nahian hote haian. udaharan ke lie maan ke doodh dene se maan-bachche ke bich lagav, maan se bachche ke rog se bachane ke lie pratiraksha milana aur any. isake bavazood jin maan ko apana doodh nahian ho pata hai, unake lie phir yahi janavar ya kritrim doodh ka sahara hota hai. isake bare mean any jagah zikr kiya gaya hai.
maan ko labh | bachche ko labh |
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maan ko bachche se lagav | khane ki prapti |
santushti | bachche ka poorn vikas |
botal ke doodh ko banane aur saf karane ke jhanjhat se bachana | pratiraksha ya imyuniti (immunity) mean badhav |
phri- paisa bachana | buddhi mean vikas |
sada upalabdh- din mean ya rat mean, ghar mean ya bahar mean | sankramit bimariyoan se bachav, jaise ki dast aur charm rog |
apane oopar bharosa | elarji se bachav |
mahavari ko rokana, jo ki turant phir garbh hone ko rok sakata hai | motapa se bachav |
apane bachche ko sankramit bimariyoan se bachana jo ki gande botal ya usake nippal se ho sakati haian | maan-bachche ke bich lagav |
stanapan sarvottam upalabdh bhojan
stanapan bachche ke lie sarvottam upalabdh bhojan hai aur bachche ki sabhi zarooratoan ko poora karata hai. stanapan karane vale bachche sarvadhik santulit ahar prapt kar lete haian aur unhean sankraman ki sanbhavana kam hoti hai. keval maan ke doodh mean hi protin, avashyak vasayukt lavan aur bachche ke mastishk ke vikas ke lie avashyak any zaroori padarth milate haian. stanapan keval chhah mahine tak jari rakhana chahie. prasav poorv klinikoan mean ane vali garbhavati mahilaoan aur parivar ke any sadasyoan ko stanapan ke labhoan ke bare mean batalaya jana chahie, taki yadi koee mahila ghar mean prasav karana chahe to bhi use janakari n hone ke karan koee bhi bachcha stanapan ke labhoan se vanchit n rahe. kuposhan aur sankraman jaise rog se keval stanapan karane se hi bahut si zindagiyoan ko bachaya ja sakata hai. yadyapi stanapan karane ki dar adhik hai, phir bhi doodh pilane se poorv any bhojan dene, stanapan mean vilamb karane, kolostram ko pheank dene aur bhojan ke bich mean bachche ko pani pilane jaisi sanbhavit hanikarak adatean abhi bhi am bat hai.
garbhavastha ke dauran aur bachche ke janm ke bad mahilaoan ko achchhi tarah bhojan karana chahie aur aram karana chahie. prayah sabhi mahilaean jinamean kuposhan vali mahilaean bhi shamil haian, achchhi tarah stanapan kara sakati haian.
stanapan bachche ko prasav ke adhe ghante ke aandar karaya jana chahie. sijeriyan sekshan se janm lene vale bachche ko maan ki halat thik hote hi 4 se 6 ghante mean stanapan karaya jana chahie. janm ke bad pahale kuchh dinoan tak pile gadhe doodh kolestr aaum mean prachur matra mean vitamin, eantiv aaudij aur sookshmaposhak tattv hote haian. isase sankraman ka prakritik roop se bachav hota hai aur shishu ka enimiya, keratomelasiya jaise sookshm poshak tatvoan ki kami se hone vali rogoan se bhi bachav hota hai. stanapan karane vale bachche ko 6 mah ki ayu tak pani ki koee avashyakata nahian hoti. stan ke doodh mean bachchoan ki zaroorat ko poora karane ke lie 4 mah tak paryapt pani hota hai. bachchoan ko bhookh lagane par hi khilaya jana chahie. aisa karane se adhik doodh banata hai aur stanoan mean adhik doodh hone se dard bhi nahian hota hai. kam vajan vale aur samay se pahale janm lene vale bachche bhi stanapan kar sakate haian. botal aur pesiphayar ka kabhi bhi istemal nahian kiya jana chahie. yadi bachcha asvasth hai, tab bhi stanapan karana jari rakhana chahie taki bachche ko paryapt poshan milata rahe.
kuposhanagrast bachche ko sankraman hone ka adhik khatara hota hai. stanapan karane se bachche ko aram bhi milega. do varsh se kam ayu ka bachcha apani maan par poori tarah nirbhar hota hai. yadi vah phir se garbhavati ho jati hai to vah paryapt dekhabhal nahian kar paegi. yadi mahila do varsh ke aandar garbhavati ho jati hai to usamean bhi ayaran aur anivary sookshm poshak tatvoan ki kami ho jaegi.[3]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ shtanapan evan poshan (hihndi) (ech.ti.em) rajasthan sarakar. abhigaman tithi: 27 julaee, 2010.
- ↑ stanapan:- fayade anek (hihndi) (ech.ti.em.el) hindi bl aaug. abhigaman tithi: 27 julaee, 2010.
- ↑ stanapan sarvottam upalabdh bhojan (hihndi) (ech.ti.em.el) vebaduniya. abhigaman tithi: 27 julaee, 2010.
sanbandhit lekh