वीसलदेव रासो

visaladev pashchimi rajasthan ke raja the. visaladev raso ki rachana tithi san. 1400 vi. ke asapas ki hai. isake rachayita narapati nalh haian. rachana viragitoan ke rup mean upalabdh hai. isamean visaladev ke jivan ke 12 varshoan ke kalakhand ka varnan kiya gaya hai. viragit ke roop mean sabase purani pustak 'bisaladev raso' milati hai.

yadyapi visaladev raso mean samayanusar bhasha ke parivartan ka abhas milata hai. jo rachana kee sau varshoan se logoan mean barabar gaee jati rahi ho, usaki bhasha apane mool roop mean nahian rah sakati. isaka pratyaksh udaharan 'alha' hai jisako gane vale pray: samast uttari bharat mean pae jate haian. viragatha kal ke granth, jinaki ya to pratiyaan milati haian ya kahian ullekh matr paya jata hai. yah granth 'raso' kahalate haian. kuchh log is shabd ka sanbandh 'rahasy' se batalate haian. par 'bisaladev raso' mean kavy ke arth mean 'rasayan' shabd bar-bar aya hai. at: 'rasayan' shabd se hote-hote 'raso' ho gaya hai.

shri ramachandr shukl ke anusar

shri ramachandr shukl ne 'hindi sahity ka itihas' mean likha hai - 'bisaladev raso narapati nalh kavi vigraharaj chaturth upanam bisaladev ka samakalin tha. kadachit yah rajakavi tha. isane 'bisaladevaraso' namak ek chhota-sa (100 prishthoan ka) granth likha hai jo viragit ke roop mean hai. granth mean nirmanakal yoan diya hai -

barah sai bahottaraan majhari. jethabadi navami budhavari.
'nalh' rasayan aranbhi. sharada tuthi brahmakumari

'barah sai bahottaraan' ka spasht arth 1212 hai. 'bahottar shabd, 'barahottar', 'dvadashottar' ka roopaantar hai. at: 'barah sai bahottaraan' ka arth 'dvadashottar barah sai' arthat 1212 hoga. ganana karane par vikram sanvat 1212 mean jyeshth badi navami ko budhavar hi p data hai. kavi ne apane raso mean sarvatr vartaman kal ka hi prayog kiya hai jisase vah bisaladev ka samakalin jan p data hai. vigraharaj chaturth ka samay bhi 1220 ke asapas hai. usake shilalekh bhi sanvat 1210 aur 1220 ke prapt haian. bisaladev raso mean char khand hai. yah kavy lagabhag 2000 charanoan mean samapt hua hai. isaki katha ka sar yoan hai -

1. khand 1 - malava ke bhoj paramar ki putri rajamati se saanbhar ke bisaladev ka vivah hona.
2. khand 2 - bisaladev ka rajamati se roothakar u disa ki or prasthan karana tatha vahaan ek varsh rahana.
3. khand 3 - rajamati ka virah varnan tatha bisaladev ka u disa se lautana.
4. khand 4 - bhoj ka apani putri ko apane ghar liva le jana tatha bisaladev ka vahaan jakar rajamati ko phir chittau d lana.

die hue sanvat ke vichar se kavi apane nayak ka samasamayik jan p data hai. par varnit ghatanaean, vichar karane par, bisaladev ke bahut pichhe ki likhi jan p dati haian, jabaki unake sanbandh mean kalpana ki guanjaish huee hogi. yah ghatanatmak kavy nahian hai, varnanatmak hai. isamean do hi ghatanaean haian- bisaladev ka vivah aur unaka u disa jana. inamean se pahali bat to kalpanaprasoot pratit hoti hai. bisaladev se sau varsh pahale hi dhar ke prasiddh paramar raja bhoj ka dehaant ho chuka tha. at: unaki kanya ke sath bisaladev ka vivah kisi pichhe ke kavi ki kalpana hi pratit hoti hai. us samay malava mean bhoj nam ka koee raja nahian tha. bisaladev ki ek paramar vansh ki rani thi, yah bat paranpara se avashy prasiddh chali ati thi, kyoanki isaka ullekh prithviraj raso mean bhi hai. isi bat ko lekar pustak mean bhoj ka nam rakha hua jan p data hai. athava yah ho sakata hai ki dhar ke paramaroan ki upadhi hi bhoj rahi ho aur us adhar par kavi ne usaka yah keval upadhi soochak nam hi diya ho, asali nam n diya ho. kadachit inhian mean se kisi ki kanya ke sath bisaladev ka vivah hua ho. paramar kanya ke sanbandh mean kee sthanoan par jo vaky ae haian, un par dhyan dene se yah sidhdaant pusht hota hai ki raja bhoj ka nam kahian pichhe se n milaya gaya ho; jaise 'janami gori too jesalamer', 'gor di jesalamer ki'. aboo ke paramar bhi rajapootane mean phaile hue the. at: rajamati ka unamean se kisi saradar ki kanya hona bhi sanbhav hai. par bhoj ke atirikt aur bhi nam isi prakar jo de hue milate haian; jaise 'magh acharaj, kavi kalidas'.

shri ramachandr shukl ke anusar - 'ajamer ke chauhan raja bisaladev b de vir aur pratapi the aur unhoanne musalamanoan ke viruddh kee chadhaiyaan ki thian aur kee pradeshoan ko musalamanoan se khali karaya tha. dilli aur jhaansi ke pradesh inhian ne apane rajy mean milae the. inake viracharit ka bahut kuchh varnan inake rajakavi somadev rachit 'lalit vigraharaj natak' mean hai jisaka kuchh aansh b di-b di shilaoan par khuda hua mila hai aur 'rajapootana myooziyam' mean surakshit hai. par 'nalh' ke is bisaladev mean, jaisa ki hona chahie tha, n to ukt vir raja ki aitihasik chadhaiyoan ka varnan hai, n usake shaury-parakram ka. shrriangar ras ki drishti se vivah aur roothakar videsh jane ka manamana varnan hai. at: is chhoti-si pustak ko bisaladev aise vir ka 'raso' kahana khatakata hai. par jab ham dekhate haian ki yah koee kavy granth nahian hai, keval gane ke lie ise racha gaya tha, to bahut kuchh samadhan ho jata hai.

bhasha ki drishti se

bhasha ki pariksha karake dekhate haian to vah sahityik nahian hai, rajasthani hai. jaise -

• sooki chhai = sookhata hai,
• patan thian = patan se,
• bhoj tana = bhoj ka,
• khand-khandara = khand-khand ka ityadi.

is granth se ek bat ka abhas avashy milata hai. vah yah ki shisht kavyabhasha mean braj aur kh di boli ke prachin roop ka hi rajasthan mean bhi vyavahar hota tha. sahity ki samany bhasha 'hindi' hi thi jo piangal bhasha kahalati thi. bisaladev raso mean bhi bich-bich mean barabar is sahityik bhasha ko milane ka prayatn dikhaee p data hai. bhasha ki prachinata par vichar karane ke pahale yah bat dhyan mean rakhani chahie ki gane ki chiz hone ke karan isaki bhasha mean samayanusar bahut kuchh pherabadal hota aya hai. par likhit roop mean rakshit hone ke karan isaka purana dhaancha bahut kuchh bacha hua hai. udaharan ke lie -

• melavi = milakar, jo dakar;
• chitah = chita mean;
• rani = ran mean;
• prapiji = prapt ho ya kiya jay;
• eeni vidhi = is vidhi;
• isu = aisa;
• bal ho = bala ka.

isi prakar 'nayar', 'pasau', payohar adi prakrit shabd bhi haian jinaka prayog kavita mean apabhransh kal se lekar pichhe tak hota raha. isamean ae hue kuchh pharasi, arabi, turaki shabdoan ki or bhi dhyan jata hai. jaise mahal, inam, neja, tajanoan adi. pustak ki bhasha mean pheraphar avashy hua hai; at: ye shabd pichhe se mile hue bhi ho sakate haian aur kavi dvara vyavahrit bhi. kavi ke samay se pahale hi panjab mean musalamanoan ka pravesh ho gaya tha aur ve idhar-udhar jivika ke lie phailane lage the. at: aise sadharan shabdoan ka prachar koee ashchary ki bat nahian. bisaladev ke saradaroan mean tajuddin miyaan bhi maujood haian

manhal palanyo tajadin. khurasani chadhi chalyo goan d

yah pustak n to vastu ke vichar se aur n bhasha ke vichar se apane asali aur mool roop mean kahi ja sakati hai. rayabahadur pandit gaurishankar hirachand ojha ne ise hammir ke samay ki rachana kaha hai. yah narapati nalh ki pothi ka vikrit roop avashy hai jisake adhar par ham bhasha aur sahity sanbandhi kee tathyoan par pahuanchate haian. dhyan dene ki pahali bat hai, rajapootane ke ek bhat ka apani rajasthani mean hindi ka mel karana. jaise 'moti ka akha kiya', 'chandan kath ko maan davo', 'sona ki chori', 'moti ki mal' ityadi. isase yah siddh ho jata hai ki pradeshik boliyoan ke sath-sath braj ya madhy desh ki bhasha ka ashray lekar ek samany sahityik bhasha bhi svikrit ho chuki thi, jo charanoan mean piangal bhasha ke nam se pukari jati thi. apabhransh ke yog se shuddh rajasthani bhasha ka jo sahityik roop tha vah 'diangal' kahalata tha. hindi sahity ke itihas mean ham keval piangal bhasha mean likhe hue granthoan ka hi vichar kar sakate haian. doosari bat, jo ki sahity se sanbandh rakhati hai, vir aur shrriangar ka mel hai. is granth mean shrriangar ki hi pradhanata hai, viraras kianchit abhas matr hai. sanyog aur viyog ke git hi kavi ne gae haian.

• bisaladev raso ke kuchh pady is prakar haian -

paranaba chalyo bisalaray . churasya sahu liya bolai.
jan tani sajati karu . jirah rangavali paharajyo top huau pisaru bisalarav .
avi sayal aantevari rav roop apoorab peshiyi .
isi astri nahian sayal sansar atirangasvamisooan milirati.
beti raja bhoj ki garab kari oobho chhi saanbharayo rav.
mo sarikha nahian oor bhuval mhaan ghari saanbhar uggahi.
chihuan disi than jesalamer 'garabi n bolo ho saanbharayo rav.
to sarikha ghana or bhuval ek u disa ko dhani .
bachan hamari too mani ju mani jyooan thari saanbhar uggahi.
raja uni ghari uggahi hirakhan. kuanvari kahi 'suni, saanbharaya rav.
kaee svami too ulagee jai? kaheu hamaru ji sunu. thari chhi sathi aantevari nari'
'k dava bol n bolis nari . too mo melhasi chitt bisari jibh n jibh vigoyano.
dav ka dadha kupali melhiÏ'
jibh ka dadha nu paanguri. nalh kahi suniji sab koi avyo raja mas basant.
gadh mahian goo di uchhaliÏ ji dhan milati aang sanbhar.
man bhang ho to bal ho eeni parirahata raj duvari.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sambandhit lekh

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