वैतान श्रौतसूत्र

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vedoan dvara vihit karmoan ke char prakar haian– nity, naimittik, kamy aur nishiddh. atharvaved mean aihik phal pradan karane vale kamy karmoan par vishesh bal diya gaya, jo sadharan manushy ke lie sabase adhik upadey haian. samriddhi ki abhilasha se kie jane vale karm agar paushtik kahalae, to ashubh nivaran tatha abhichar ke uddeshy se kie jane vale karmoan ko shantik ki sanjna prapt huee. yajn ke poorn nishpadan ke lie jin char rritvijoan ki avashyakata hoti hai, unamean se brahma nam ke rritvikh se is ved ka sakshath sambandh hai. sanhitaoan tatha brahmanoan ki vividh vidhiyoan ke sar–granthoan ke roop mean prastut rachana ko kalpasootr ya sankshep mean sootr kaha jata hai. gopath brahman ke anusar atharvaved ki shaunakiy jajal, jalad tatha brahmavad shakhaoan ke anuvakoan, rrichaoan evan sooktoan ka viniyog batane vale paanch moolabhoot sootr haian– 1. tantrashik, 2. vaitan, 3. nakshatrakalp, 4. shantikalp tatha angiras kalp athava abhichar kalp. vedakalin achary dharm ke yajn pradhan hone ke karan yajn karane ki paddhati par kamanaoan ki saphalata nirbhar mani gee, jisase yajn vidhiyoan mean prayukt vastuoan ka prayukt vastuoan ka tatkalin vyavaharoan se gahara sambandh raha. yah sambandh kal evan sthal par adharit brahman–sampradayoan ki simit parivartaniyata ke sath–sath bharatiyoan ke samajik, saanskritik evan dharmik itihas par rochak prakash dalata hai.

shraut karm

'vaitan sootr' atharvaved se sambaddh shraut yagoan ki janakari dene vala ekamatr upalabdh, atev mahattvapoorn sootr hai. is shrautasootr ki ath adhyayoan mean vibhajit, 43 kandikaoan mean ye shraut karm batalae ge haian– darshapoornamas, agnyadhey, ukthy, shodashi, atiratr, vajapey, aptoryam, agnichayan, sautramani, gavamayan, rajasooy, ashvamedh, purushamedh, sarvamedh, ekah, ahin tatha kamanaoan ke anusar any yajnoan ka vidhan. prastut shrautasootr ki visheshata– 'homanadishtananumantrayate' arthath; vihit homoan ke anumantran ko brahma ko sauanpane mean hai jo any shrautasootroan ki tarah anumantran ka adhikar yajaman ko pradan nahian karata. brahma ke sabhi karttavy is shrautasootr ke pahale hi adhyay mean darshapoornamas yajn ke vivaran mean pratipadit haian. karta yani yajaman ka yadi prithakh nirdesh nahian haian, to sabhi brahma ke hi karttavy haian jinamean purastaddhom, sansthitahom tatha any koee ahutiyaan sammilit haian. katipay yajushh mantroan ko chho dakar brahma ke anumantran se sambaddh pray: sabhi mantr atharvaved mean chhandobaddh pae jate haian.

ajyatantr tatha pakatantr

atharvan karm ke do tantr haian– ajyatantr tatha pakatantr. ajyatantr mean ajy agar pradhan havi hota hai, to pakatantr mean charupurodashadi ko pradhanata prapt hai. ajyatantr ke anushthan ka kram niyamanusar hai:– kartta ka vishisht mantr jap, barhirlavan, vedi, uttaravedi, agnipranayan, vratagrahan, pavitrakaran, pavitr ki sahayata se idhm prokshan, idhmopasamadhan, barhi:prokshan, brahma ka asan grahan, barhistaran, stirn vedi ka prokshan. isake pashchath kartta ka asanasth hona, udapatr sthapan, ajy sanskar, struv grahan, grah grahan, purastath hom, ajyabhag evan abhyatan hom. yahian poorvatantr samapt hota hai. uttaratantr pradhan hom ke anantar hota hai jisake anushthan ka kram yah hai:–

abhyatan hom, parvan hom, samriddhi hom, santati hom, svishtakrith hom, sarvaprayashchittiy hom, skann hom. 'punamaiantvindiyamh' mantr ki sahayata se hom, skannasmriti hom, sansthit hom, chaturgrihit hom, barhi hom, sanstrav hom, vishnukram, vrat visarjan, dakshinadan aur isake pashchath brahma ka nishkaran.

pakatantr mean yahi kram hota hai, sirf abhyatan hom nahian kiya jata.

hom

atharvan shrautakarm ki visheshata purastaddhom evan sansthit hom mean hai. purastaddhom ki ahutiyaan agar pradhan hom ke pahale di jati hai, to sansthit hom ki usake bad mean. jis pradhan hom ke karan ye hom sampann hote haian, us hom ke mantroan ki sahayata se bhi in ahutiyoan ko dene ke katipay acharyoan ke matoan ka ullekh vaitan sootr ke pahale adhyay ki chauthi kandika mean kiya gaya hai. yah kary brahma dvara sampann karana hai aur har ek ahuti ke bad bad 'janath' shabd ko jo dana avashyak hai. prastut sootr ke shrautakarm mean bhoo:, bhuv:, sv:, janath, vridhath, karath, mahath, nath, shamh aur omh; in vyahritiyoan ke viniyog ka kathan bhi vaishishtyapoorn hai.

virishtadhan

virishtadhan brahma ka ek aur karttavy hai. virisht ka sambandh akushal athava dushcharitr athava brahmachary vrat ko bhang karane vale rritvijoan ke karan yajn mean athava yajaman ki phal–prapti mean utpann badhaoan se hai jisaka parihar brahma agni ko prajvalit evan shantyudak ko taiyar karake usake tin achaman evan yajaman tatha yajnavastu ke prokshan se karata hai. isalie yah vidhi yajn ka virishtasandhan kahalati hai jisase badhaoan ka nivaran aur yajn ka prayojan saphal hota hai. spasht hai ki shantyudak bhi atharvan vidhi mean mahattvapoorn hai. agnyadhey ke avasar par ahavaniyayatan mean agni ki sthapana ke poorv samoochi samagri par ashv ka dahina pair aankit karane ka vidhan hai jisase agnyadhey sampann hota tha. is shantyudak ko taiyar karane mean atharvan evan angiras in donoan aushadhiyoan ke yajaman dvara samavesh ki bat prastut vaitan sootr mean kaushik sootr se hi anoodit ki gee.

sanskar

agnihotr hom ki tatvik vivechana mean agnihotr dhenu ke lie gavida samuddhant (ubalakar girane vala doodh) jaise shabdoan ke sthan par 'samuddhant' athava prachinavit ke badale pitryupavit jaise shabd vaitan sootr mean prayukt hue haian. darshapoornamaseshti mean bhi yajaman–mantroan ka pathan karane vale brahma ko bhrigvangiras ke janakar purohit dvara unhean sanskar samarpit karane ka niyam vihit hai aur darsheshti mean yajaman par ishti ke pahale ek din aparahn mean vratopayan ke poorv bhojan ka (upavatsyadh bhakt) ka bandhan prastut shrautasootr mean dala gaya hai. somayag ki diksha mean rritusnata yajaman patni ke lie saroopavatsa gau ke doodh mean sthalipak ko pachakar garbhavedan evan puansavan mantroan se use tapakar usake bhakshan ki vidhi ka vidhan pavitrata ko banae rakhane ke sath–sath usaki kamana poorti ki or sanket karane vala hai. abhipray yah hai ki vaitan shrautasootr mean nity naimittik evan kamy karmoan ke sath vibhinn kratuoan ka vidhan hai aur yah bhi batalaya gaya hai ki kamanaoan ke antahin hone ke karan yajnoan ka bhi ananty hai, jisase prakritibhoot yajnoan ke adhar par vikritibhoot yajnoan ka anuman karake santosh manana samichin hai. yajn–vidhiyoan ke vitan yani vistar ke sath–sath vaitan sootr ka sambandh unake vidhan se bhi hai jinamean pooja ya samarpan ka bhav tan tatha man donoan ke sanskar se sambaddh hokar vaidikoan ki moolat: adhyatmik chintan–dhara ki or sanket karata hai.

namakaran

vaitan sootr ka namakaran sanbhavat: usamean ae pratham sootr 'ath vitanasy' ke adhar par hua hai. isamean bhagali, yuvakaushik aur mathar prabhriti acharyoan ke matoan ka namna ullekh hua hai. isamean shaunakiy atharvaved sanhita ke 20vean kand mean ullikhit mantroan ka pramukh adhar liya gaya hai. garbe ke anusar isamean rrigved ka 16 bar, vajasaneyiyoan ka 34 bar tatha taittiriy shakhiyoan ka 19 bar nirdesh hai. kaushik sootr ke sath isaka anek sandarbhoan mean sadrishy hai. udaharan ke lie donoan hi poorvavarnit bat ko shlok se pusht karate haian– 'tadapi shlokau vadat:' ya 'athapi shlokau bhavat:'. sooktoan tatha rrichaoan ko gan ke roop mean nirdisht karane ki paripati bhi donoan mean saman roop se milati hai. vaitan sootr ke bhashyakar somadity apane akshepanuvidhi sanjnak bhashy mean donoan ko ek hi vyakti ki rachana manate pratit hote haian.

sanskaran tatha anuvad

• richard garbe kake dvara sampadit tatha jarman bhasha mean anoodit roop mean kramash: landan tatha strasabarg se sanh 1878 ee. mean ek sath prakashit.
• kaland ke dvara sanpadit alochanatmak (jarman–anuvad sahit) sanskaran sanh 1990 ee. mean emsatardam se prakashit.
• es. en. ghoshal ke dvara aangrezi mean anoodit pratham char adhyayoan (27 kandikaoan) ka sanskaran sanh 1959 mean, ‘‘indiyan histri kvartali’’ (34) mean prakashit.
• vishveshvaranand sansthan, hoshiyarapur se achary vishvabandhu ke dvara somadity ke akshepanuvidhi sanjnak bhashy ke sath sanh 1967 ee. mean sarvangasundar sanskaran prakashit.

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sanbandhit lekh

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shrutiyaan

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