वैभाषिक दर्शन

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(sarvastivad)

• inaka bahut kuchh sahity nasht ho gaya hai. inaka tripitak sanskrit mean tha. inake abhidharm mean pramukh roop mean sat granth haian, jo pray: mool roop mean anupalabdh haian ya aanshik roop mean upalabdh haian.
• chini bhasha mean inaka aur inaki vibhasha tika ka anuvad upalabdh hai.
• ve sat granth is prakar haian-

1. jnanaprasthan,
2. prakaranapad,
3. vijnanakay,
4. dharmaskandh,
5. prajnaptishastr,
6. dhatukay evan
7. sangitiparyay.

• vaibhashik aur sarvastivadi donoan abhidharm ko buddhavachan manate haian.

paribhasha

• sarvastivad shabd mean 'sarv' ka arth tinoan kal tatha 'asti' ka arth dravyasatta hai arthat jo nikay tinoan kaloan mean dharmoan ki dravyasatta karate haian, ve sarvastivadi haian
• paramarth ke anusar jo atit, anagat, pratyutpann, akash, pratisankhyanirodh aur apratisankhyanirodh-in sabaka astitv svikar karate haian, ve sarvastivadi haian.
• vasubandhu kahate haian ki jo pratyutpann aur atit karm ke us pradesh (hisse) ko, jisane abhi phal nahian diya hai, use sath manate haian tatha anagat aur atit karm ke us pradesh (hisse) ko, jisane phal pradan kar diya hai, use asath manate haian, ve vibhajyavadi haian, n ki sarvastivadi. unake matanusar jinaka vad yah hai ki atit, anagat, pratyutpann sabaka astitv hai, ve sarvastivadi haian. sarvastivadi agam aur yukti ke adhar par tinoan kaloan ki satta siddh karate haian. unaka kahana hai ki sootr mean bhagavan ne atit, anagat aur pratyutpann tinoan kaloan mean hone vale roop adi skandhoan ki deshana ki hai (rupamanityamatitamanagatamh ityadi). yukti prastut karate hue ve kahate hai ki atit, anagat ki satta n hogi to yogi mean atit, anagat vishayak jnan hi utpann n ho sakega, jabaki aisa jnan hota hai tatha yadi atit nahian hai to atit karm anagat mean kaise phal de sakega? arthat nahian de sakega. at: in aur any anek yuktiyoan ke adhar par siddh hota hai ki atit, anagat ki satta hai.

hetu-phalavad

• ise vaibhashikoan ka kary-karanabhav bhi kah sakate haian. inake mat mean chhah hetu, char pratyay aur char phal mane jate haian.
• chhah hetu is prakar haian-

1. karanahetu,
2. sahabhoohetu,
3. sabhagahetu,
4. samprayuktakahetu,
5. sarvatragahetu evan
6. vipakahetu.

• char pratyay haian, yatha-

1. hetu-pratyay,
2. samanantar-pratyay,
3. alamban-pratyay evan
4. adhipati-pratyay.

• char phal haian, yatha-

1. vipakaphal,,
2. adhipatiphal,
3. nishyandaphal evan
4. purushakaraphal.

• karanahetu— sabhi dharm apane se any sabhi dharmoan ke karanahetu hote haian. koee bhi dharm apana karanahetu nahian hota. arthat sabhi dharm utpann hone vale samast sanskrit dharmoan ke karanahetu hote haian, kyoanki inaka unake utpad mean avighnabhav se avasthan hota hai. ashay yah hai ki karyoan ke utpad mean vighn n karana karanahetu ka lakshan hai.
• sahabhoohetu— sahabhoohetu ve dharm haian, jo paraspar ek-doosare ke phal hote haian. jaise charoan mahabhoot paraspar ek doosare ke hetu aur phal hote haian, yatha-ek tipahi ke tinoan paanv ek-doosare ko kh da rakhate haian. sabhi sanskrit dharm yathasambhav sahabhoohetu haian, basharte ki ve anyoanyaphal ke roop mean sambaddh hoan.
• sabhagahetu— sadrish dharm sabhagahetu hote haian. sadrish dharm sadrish dharmoan ke sabhagahetu hote haian. yatha-kushal dharm kushal ke aur klisht dharm klisht dharmoan ke sabhagahetu hote haian.
• samprayuktakahetu— chitt aur chaitasik samprayuktak hetu hote haian. ve hi chitt-chaitasik paraspar samprayuktakahetu hote haian, jinaka ashray sam ya abhinn hota hai. jaise chakshurindriy ka ek kshan ek chakshurvijnan aur tatsamprayukt vedana adi chaitasikoan ka ashray hota hai. isi tarah man-indriy ka ek kshan, ek manovijnan evan tatsamprayukt chaitasikoan ka ashray hota hai. ve hetu samprayuktak kahalate haian, jinaki sam pravritti hoti hai. chitt aur chaitasik paanch samataoan se samprayukt hote haian, kyoanki unake ashray, alamban aur akar ek hi hote haian. kyoanki ve ek sath utpann hote haian. kyoanki inaka kal bhi ek hi hota hai. in paanch samataoan mean se yadi ek ka bhi abhav ho to unaki sam-pravritti nahian ho sakati. aisa sthiti mean vah samprayukt nahian ho sakate.
• sarvatragahetu— poorvotpann sarvatrag svabhoomik klisht dharmoan ke sarvatragahetu hote haian. arthath poorvotpann arthath atit ya pratyutpann svabhoomik sarvatrag bad mean utpann hone vale svabhoomik klisht dharmoan ke sarvatragahetu hote haian. sarvatrag hetu klisht dharmoan ke samany karan haian. ye nikayantariy klisht dharmoan ke bhi hetu hote haian. arthath inake prabhav se any nikayoan (shariroan) mean saparivar klesh utpann hote haian.
• vipakahetu— akushal aur sasrav kushal dharm vipakahetu hote haian. kyoanki vipak dena inaki prakriti haian avyakrit dharm vipakahetu nahian ho sakate, kyoanki ve durbal hote haian.
• phalavyavastha— vipakaphal antim vipakahetu se utpann hota hai. isake do arth kiye jate haian, yatha- ek vipak ka hetu aur doosara vipak hi hetu. vipak shabd ke donoan arth yukt haian. pratham karan hetu ka adhipatiphal hota hai. sabhag aur sarvatrag hetu ka ni:shyand phal hota hai tatha sahabhoohetu aur samprayuktakahetu ka purushakar phal hota hai.

vaishishtay

vaibhashikoan ko chho dakar any sabhi bauddh kary aur karan ko ekakalik nahian manate. kintu vaibhashikoan ki yah visheshata hai ve ki hetu aur phal ko ekakalik bhi manate haian, yatha-sahajat (sahabhoo) hetu.

satyadvay vyavastha

• vaibhashik bhi any bauddhoan ki bhaanti do satyoan ki vyavastha karate haian. saty do haian, yatha-

1. sanvritisaty evan
2. paramarthasaty.

• sanvritisaty— avayavoan ka bhed arthat unhean alag-alag kar dene par jis vishay mean tadabuddhi ka nash ho jata hai, use sanvriti-saty kahate haian, jaise ghat ya ambu (jal). jab ghat ka mudgar adi se vinash kar diya jata hai aur jab vah kapal ke roop mean parinat ho jata hai, tab us (ghat) mean jo pahale ghatabuddhi ho rahi thi, vah nasht ho jati hai. isi tarah ambu ka buddhi dvara vishleshan karane par ambubuddhi bhi samapt ho jati hai. isi prakar upakaranoan dvara ya buddhi dvara vishleshan karane par jin vishayoan mean tadavishayak buddhi ka vinash ho jata hai, ve dharm sanvritisaty kahalate haian. saanvritik drishti se ghat ya ambu kahane vala vyakti saty hi bolata hai, mithya nahian, at: inhean 'sanvritisaty' kahate haian.
• paramarth saty- sanvritisaty se viparit saty paramarthasaty hai. arthat upakaran ya buddhi dvara bhed kar dene par bhi jin vishayoan mean tadavishayak buddhi ka nash nahian hota, ve dharm 'paramarthasaty' yatha- roop, vedana, jnan, nirvan adi. roop ka paramanu mean vibhajan kar dene par bhi roopabuddhi nasht nahian hoti. isi tarah any vishayoan ke bare mean bhi janana chahie. ye dharm paramarthat: saty hote haian, at: 'paramarthasaty' kahalate haian. athava jo dharm ary yogi ke samahit lokottar jnan dvara jaise grihit hote haian, usi roop mean prishthalabdh jnan dvara bhi grihit hote haian, ve *'paramarthasaty' haian. yadi vaise hi grihit nahian hote to ve sanvriti saty haian.

du:khasaty, samudayasaty, nirodhasaty evan margasaty-is tarah char saty hote haian. oopar jo do saty kahe gaye haian, unase inaka koee virodh nahian hai. char aryasaty do mean ya do saty char mean paraspar sangrahit kiye ja sakate haian. jaise nirodh saty paramarth saty hai tatha shesh tin sanvritisaty.

paramanu vichar

vaibhashik mat mean paramanu niravayav mane jate haian. sanghat hone par bhi unaka paraspar sparsh nahian hota. paramanu dvividh haian, yatha-

1. dravyaparamanu evan
2. sanghataparamanu.

• akela niravayav paramanu dravyaparamanu kahalata hai.
• sanghat paramanu mean kam se kam ath paramanu avashy rahate haian, yatha 4 mahabhootoan (prithvi, aph, tejash aur vayu) ke tatha char upaday roopoan (roop, gandh, ras, sprashtavy) ke paramanu ek kalap (sanghat) mean nishchit roop se rahate haian. yah vyavastha kamadhatu ke sanghat ke bare mean hai. kamadhatu ka ek paramanukalap, jisamean shabd aur indriy paramanu nahian hai, vah nishchay hi ashtadravyatmak hota hai.
• sautrantik dravyaparamanu ki satta nahian manate, ve keval sanghat paramanu hi manate haian.
• achary vasubandhu bhi sautrantik ke is mat se sahamat haian.

jnanamimaansa

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vaibhashik bhi do hi praman manate haian, yatha-

1. pratyaksh aur
2. anuman.

• pratyaksh inake mat mean tin hi haian, yatha-

1. indriyapratyaksh,
2. manasapratyaksh evan
3. yogipratyaksh.

• ye svasanvedanapratyaksh nahian manate, jaisa ki sautrantik adi nyayanusari bauddh manate haian. isaka karan yah hai ki ye jnan mean grahyakar nahian manate, isalie grahakakar (svasanvedan) bhi nahian manate. inake mat mean jnan nirakar hota hai. svasanvedan nahian manane se inake anusar jnan ki satta ka nishchay paravarti jnan dvara hua karata hai. yah paravarti jnan smrityatmak ya kalpanatmak hi hota hai. ashay yah hai ki inake anusar jnan smrit hua karata hai. vah svayanprakash nahian hota.
• indriyapratyaksh— indriyoan se utpann jnan indriyapratyaksh hai. inake mat mean yadyapi chakshushh hi roop ko dekhata hai, tathapi ye chakshurvijnan ko hi praman manate haian. indriyapratyaksh paanch haian, yatha- #chakshurvijnan,

1. shrotravijnan,
2. ghranavijnan,
3. vihravijnan evan
4. kayavijnan.

• manasapratyaksh— indriy vijnanoan ke anantar unhian ke vishay ko grahan karata hua yah manasapratyaksh utpann hota hai. samanantar atit chhah vijnan arthat manodhatu isaka adhipatipratyay hota hai.
• yogipratyaksh— yogi do prakar ke hote hean- laukik evan lokottar. inamean se lokottar yogi ka pratyaksh hi yogipratyaksh hota hai, ise lokottar margajnan bhi kah sakate haian. char aryasaty, nirvan evan nairatmy isake vishay hote haian. laukik yogi ki divyashrotr, divyachakshushh adi abhijnaean manasapratyaksh hi haian, yogipratyaksh nahian.
• kalpana— jo jnan vastu se utpann n hokar shabd ko adhipatipratyay banakar utpann hota hai athava jo jnan chakshuradi pratyaksh vijnanoan ke anantar adhyavasay karate hue utpann hota ha, vah 'kalpana' ya 'vikalp' hai.
• jnanakar— inake mat mean jnan mean akar nahian mana jata. ye jnan ko sakar nahian, apitu nirakar manate haian. isi prakar ye vastu mean bhi akar nahian manate. nirakar jnan paramanu-samooh ko dekhata hai. paramanu vastvakar nahian hote. yadi jnan sakar vastu ka grahan karega to akaramatr ka darshan karega, vastu ka nahian.
• marg-phal-vyavastha— marg paanch hote haian, yatha- prayogamarg, darshanamarg, bhavanamarg evan ashaikshamarg. pratham do marg prithagjan avastha ke marg haian aur ye laukik marg kahalate haian. shesh tin marg ary pudgalal ke marg haian aur lokottar haian ary ke marg hi vastut: 'margasaty' haian. pratham do marg yadyapi marg haian, kintu margasaty nahian.
• ashaikshamarg— ashaikshamarg ke kshan mean koee hey klesh avashisht nahian rahata. keval sharir hi avashisht rahata hai. ashaiksh marg lokottar prajna hai, jisaka alamban keval nirvan hota hai.
• triyanavyavastha— shravakayan, pratyekabuddhayan evan bodhisattvayan-ye tin yan hote haian. shravakagotriy pudgal ka lakshy pray: pudgalanairatmy ka sakshatkar karane vali prajna dvara apane kleshoan ka prahan kar chary aryasatyoan ka sakshatkar karake shravakiy arhattv pad prapt karana hai. isake lie sarvapratham akritrim niryan chitt ka utpad avashyak hai. sambharamarg prapt hone ke anantar atyant tikshnaprajn pudgal tin janmoan mean arhattv prapt kar leta hai. stotrapatti marg prapt hone ke anantar alasi sadhak bhi kamadhatu mean sat se adhik janmagrahan nahian karata.

buddh

vaibhashik matanusar bodhisattv jab buddhatv prapt kar leta hai, tab bhi usaka sharir sasrav hi hota hai tatha vah du:khasaty aur samudayasaty hota hai, kintu usaki santan mean klesh sarvatha nahian hote. kleshavaran ke alava jneyavaran ka astitv ye log bilkul nahian manate. buddh ke 12 charitr hote haian. unamean se

1. tushit kshetr se chyuti,
2. matrikrikshipravesh,
3. lumbini udyan mean avataran,
4. shilp vishay mean naipuny evan kaumaryochit lalit kri da tatha
5. raniyoan ke parivar ke sath rajyagrahan-ye paanch grihasthapakshik charitr haian tatha
6. rogi, vriddh adi char nimittoan ko dekhakar sasanveg pravrajya,
7. neranjana ke tat par 6 varshoan tak kathin tapashcharan,
8. bodhivriksh ke mool mean upasthiti,
9. mar ka sena ke sath daman,
10. vaishakh poornima ki ratri mean buddhatvaprapt,
11. dharmachakr pravartan tatha
12. kushinagar mean mahaparinirvan-ye sat charitr pravrajyapakshik haian.

shravak

arhath, pratyekabuddh arhath evan buddh in tinoan ko jab anupadhisheshanirvan ki prapti ho jati hai, tab inaki j d santati evan chetan-santati donoan dharaean sarvatha samapt ho jati haian. in donoan dharaoan ka abhav hi anupadhisheshanirvan hai aur isaki bhi dravyasatta vaibhashik svikar karate haian. inake mat mean sabhi dharm dravyasath aur arthakriyakari mane jate haian. akash, nirvan adi sabhi dharm isi prakar ke hote haian. jo sarvatha nahian hote, jaise shashavishan, vandhyaputr adi asath hote haian. kuchh aise bhi vaibhashik the, jo nirudhisheshanirvan ke anantar bhi chetanadhara ka astitv manate the. vaibhashikoan ke mat mean sambhogakay evan dharmakay nahian hota. keval nirmanakay hi hota hai.

sanbandhit lekh

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