श्राद्ध
| 30px yah lekh pauranik granthoan athava manyataoan par adharit hai at: isamean varnit samagri ke vaijnanik praman hone ka ashvasan nahian diya ja sakata. vistar mean dekhean asvikaran |
shraddh
| |
| any nam | pitri paksh |
| anuyayi | sabhi hindoo dharmavalambi |
| uddeshy | shraddh poorvajoan ke prati sachchi shraddha ka pratik haian. pitaroan ke nimitt vidhipoorvak jo karm shraddha se kiya jata hai, usi ko 'shraddh' kahate haian. |
| prarambh | vaidik-pauranik |
| tithi | bhadrapad shukl paksh ki poornima se sarvapitri amavasya arthat ashvin krishna paksh amavasya tak |
| anushthan | shraddh-karm mean pake hue chaval, doodh aur til ko mishrit karake 'pind' banate haian, use 'sapindikaran' kahate haian. pind ka arth hai sharir. yah ek paranparik vishvas hai ki har pidhi ke bhitar matrikul tatha pitrikul donoan mean pahale ki pidhiyoan ke samanvit 'gunasootr' upasthit hote haian. yah pratikatmak anushthan jin jin logoan ke gunasootr (jins) shraddh karane vale ki apani deh mean haian, unaki tripti ke lie hota hai. |
| sanbandhit lekh | pitri paksh, shraddh ke niyam, anvashtaka krity, ashtaka krity, anvahary shraddh, shraddh visarjan, pitri visarjan amavasya, tarpan, madhyavarsh krity, matamah shraddh, pitar, shraddh aur grahan, shraddh karane ka sthan, shraddh ki ahuti, shraddh ki kotiyaan, shraddh ki mahatta, shraddh prapautr dvara, shraddh phalasoochi, shraddh varjana, shraddh vidhi, pindadan, gaya, nasik, adity devata aur rudr devata |
| any janakari | brahm puran ke anusar shraddh ki paribhasha- 'jo kuchh uchit kal, patr evan sthan ke anusar uchit (shastranumodit) vidhi dvara pitaroan ko lakshy karake shraddhapoorvak brahmanoan ko diya jata hai', shraddh kahalata hai. |
shraddh poorvajoan ke prati sachchi shraddha ka pratik haian. pitaroan ke nimitt vidhipoorvak jo karm shraddha se kiya jata hai, usi ko 'shraddh' kahate haian. hindoo dharm ke anusar, pratyek shubh kary ke prarambh mean mata-pita, poorvajoan ko namaskar ya pranam karana hamara kartavy hai, hamare poorvajoan ki vansh parampara ke karan hi ham aj yah jivan dekh rahe haian, is jivan ka anand prapt kar rahe haian. is dharm mean, rrishiyoan ne varsh mean ek paksh ko pitripaksh ka nam diya, jis paksh mean ham apane pitareshvaroan ka shraddh, tarpan, mukti hetu vishesh kriya sanpann kar unhean ardhy samarpit karate haian. yadi kisi karan se unaki atma ko mukti pradan nahian huee hai to ham unaki shaanti ke lie vishisht karm karate hai, jise 'shraddh' kahate haian.
shraddh ek parichay
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
brahm puran ne shraddh ki paribhasha is prakar ki hai, 'jo kuchh uchit kal, patr evan sthan ke anusar uchit (shastranumodit) vidhi dvara pitaroan ko lakshy karake shraddhapoorvak brahmanoan ko diya jata hai, vah shraddh kahalata hai.[1]
pind ka arth
shraddh-karm mean pake hue chaval, doodh aur til ko mishrit karake pind banate haian, use 'sapindikaran' kahate haian. pind ka arth hai sharir. yah ek paranparik vishvas hai, jise vijnan bhi manata hai ki har pidhi ke bhitar matrikul tatha pitrikul donoan mean pahale ki pidhiyoan ke samanvit 'gunasootr' upasthit hote haian. chaval ke pind jo pita, dada, paradada aur pitamah ke shariroan ka pratik haian, apas mean milakar phir alag baantate haian. yah pratikatmak anushthan jin jin logoan ke gunasootr (jins) shraddh karane vale ki apani deh mean haian, unaki tripti ke lie hota hai.
shraddh ke niyam
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
dainik panch yajnoan mean pitri yajn ko khas bataya gaya hai. isamean tarpan aur samay-samay par pindadan bhi sammilit hai. poore pitripaksh bhar tarpan adi karana chahie. is dauran koee any shubh kary ya naya kary athava pooja-path anushthan sambandhi naya kam nahian kiya jata. sath hi shraddh niyamoan ka vishesh palan karana chahie. parantu nity karm tatha devataoan ki nity pooja jo pahale se hoti a rahi hai, usako band nahian karana chahie.
shraddh ke vaijnanik pahaloo
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
thumb|250px|shraddh karate shraddhalu janm evan mrityu ka rahasy atyant goodh hai. vedoan mean, darshan shastroan mean, upanishadoan evan puranoan adi mean hamare rrishiyoan-manishiyoan ne is vishay par vistrit vichar kiya hai. shrimadabhagavat mean bhi spasht roop se bataya gaya hai ki janm lene vale ki mrityu aur mrityu ko prapt hone vale ka janm nishchit hai. yah prakriti ka niyam hai. sharir nasht hota hai magar atma kabhi bhi nasht nahian hoti hai. vah pun: janm leti hai aur bar-bar janm leti hai. is pun: janm ke adhar par hi karmakand mean shraddhadi karm ka vidhan nirmit kiya gaya hai. apane poorvajoan ke nimitt di gee vastuean sachamuch unhean prapt hoti haian ya nahian, is vishay mean adhikaansh logoan ko sandeh hai. hamare poorvaj apane karmanusar kis yoni mean utpann hue haian, jab hamean itana hi nahian maloom to phir unake lie die ge padarth un tak kaise pahuanch sakate haian? kya ek brahman ko bhojan karane se hamare poorvajoan ka pet bhar sakata hai? n jane is tarah ke kitane hi saval logoan ke man mean uthate hoange. vaise in prashnoan ka sidhe-sidhe uttar dena sambhav bhi nahian hai, kyoanki vaijnanik mapadandoan ko is srishti ki pratyek vishayavastu par lagoo nahian kiya ja sakata. duniya mean aisi kee batean haian, jinaka koee praman n milate hue bhi un par vishvas karana p data hai.
shraddh-karm ki sankshipt vidhi
thumb|250px|pindadan karate shraddhalu
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
- shraddh divas se poorv divas ko buddhiman purush shrotriy adi se vihit brahmanoan ko 'pitri-shraddh' tatha ‘vaishv-dev-shraddh’ ke lie nimantrit karean.
- pitri-shraddh ke lie samarthyanusar ayugm tatha vaishv-dev-shraddh ke lie yugm brahmanoan ko nimantrit karana chahie.
- nimantrit tatha nimantrak krodh, strigaman tatha parishram adi se door rahe.
pitri ka arth
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
'pitri' ka arth hai 'pita', kintu 'pitar' shabd jo do arthoan mean prayukt hua hai:-
- vyakti ke age ke tin mrit poorvaj
- manav jati ke prarambh ya prachin poorvaj jo ek prithakh lok ke adhivasi ke roop mean kalpit haian.[2]
taparn
thumb|250px|pooja archana karate shraddhalu
avahan, poojan, namaskar ke uparant tarpan kiya jata hai. jal mean doodh, jau, chaval, chandan dal kar tarpan kary mean prayukt karate haian. mil sake, to ganga jal bhi dal dena chahie. tripti ke lie tarpan kiya jata hai. svagarsth atmaoan ki tripti kisi padarth se, khane-pahanane adi ki vastu se nahian hoti, kyoanki sthool sharir ke lie hi bhautik upakaranoan ki avashyakata p dati hai. marane ke bad sthool sharir samapt hokar, keval sookshm sharir hi rah jata hai. sookshm sharir ko bhookh-pyas, sardi-garmi adi ki avashyakata nahian rahati, usaki tripti ka vishay koee, khady padarth ya ha d-maans vale sharir ke lie upayukt upakaran nahian ho sakate. sookshm sharir mean vicharana, chetana aur bhavana ki pradhanata rahati hai, isalie usamean utkrisht bhavanaoan se bana antahkaran ya vatavaran hi shantidayak hota hai.
shraddh ki mahatta
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
sootrakal (lagabhag ee. poo. 600) se lekar madhyakal ke dharmashastrakaroan tak sabhi logoan ne shraddh ki mahatta evan usase utpann kalyan ki prashansa ke pul baandh diye haian. apastamb dharmasootr[3] ne adholikhit soochana di hai- 'purane kal mean manushy evan dev isi lok mean rahate the. dev log yajnoan ke karan (puraskarasvaroop) svarg chale gaye, kintu manushy yahian par rah gaye. jo manushy devoan ke saman yajn karate haian ve paralok (svarg) mean devoan evan brahma ke sath nivas karate haian. tab (manushyoan ko pichhe rahate dekhakar) manu ne us krity ko arambh kiya jise shraddh ki sanjna mili hai, jo manav jati ko shrey (mukti ya anand) ki or le jata hai. is krity mean pitar log devata (adhishthata) haian, kintu brahman log (jinhean bhojan diya jata hai) ahavaniy agni (jisamean yajnoan ke samay ahutiyaan di jati haian) ke sthan par mane jate haian."
shraddh ki ahuti
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
ahutiyoan ke vishay mean bhi mat matantar haian. kathak grihyasootr[4], jaiminiy grihyasootr[5] evan shaankhayan grihyasootr[6] ne kaha hai ki tin vibhinn ashtakaoan mean siddh (pake hue) shak, maans evan apoop (pooa ya roti) ki ahutiyaan di jati haian. kintu par. grihyasootr[7] evan khadiragrihyasootr[8] ne pratham ashtaka ke lie apoopoan (poooan) ki[9] evan antim ke lie siddh shakoan ki vyavastha di hai. khadiragrihyasootr[10] se gay ki bali hoti haian ashvalayan grihyasootr[11], gobhilagrihyasootr[12], kaushik[13] evan baudhayan grihyasootr[14] ke mat se isake kee vikalp bhi haian–gay ya bhean d ya bakare ki bali dena; sulabh jangali maans ya mudh-til yukt maans ya geanda, hiran, bhaiansa, sooar, shashak, chitti vale hiran, rohit hiran, kabootar ya titar, sarang evan any pakshiyoan ka maans ya kisi boodhe lal bakare ka maans; machhaliyaan; doogh mean paka hua chaval (lapasi ke saman), ya bina pake hue ann ya phal ya mool, ya sona bhi diya ja sakata hai, athava gayoan ya saan doan ke lie keval ghas khilayi ja sakati hai. ya vedajn ko pani rakhane ke lie gh de diye ja sakate haian, ya 'yah maian ashtaka ka sampadan karata hooan' aisa kahakar shraddhasambandhi mantroan ka uchcharan kiya ja sakata hai.
vishad varnan
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
shraddh sanbandhi sahity vishal hai. vaidik sanhitaoan se lekar adhunik tikaoan evan nibandhoan tak mean shraddh ke vishay mean vishad varnan prapt hota hai. puranoan mean shraddh ke vishay mean sahasroan shlok haian. vaidik sanhitaoan evan brahman granthoan, grihyasootroan evan dharmasootroan se lekar arambhik smritigranthoan yatha manu evan yajnavalky ki smritiyoan tak, tadanantar pratinidhi puran evan medhatithi, vijnaneshvar tatha aparark ki tikaoan dvara upasthit vivechanoan se lekar madhyakalik nibandhoan tak ka varnan hai. pauranik kal mean katipay shakhaoan ki or sanket milate haian.[15] smritiyoan evan mahabharat[16] ke vachanoan tatha sootroan, manu, yajnavalky evan any smritiyoan ki tikaoan ke atirikt shraddh sambandhi nibandhoan ki sankhya apar hai. is vishay mean keval nimnalikhit nibandhoan ki (kal ke anusar vyavasthit) charcha hogi–shraddhakalpataru, aniruddh ki haralata evan pitridayita, smrityarthasar, smritichandrika, chaturvargachintamani (shraddh prakaran), hemadri[17], rudradhar ka shraddhavivek, madanaparijat, shraddhasar (nrisianhaprasad ka ek bhag), govindanand ki shraddhakriyakaumudi, raghunandan ka shraddhatatv, shraddhasaukhy[18], vinayak urph nand pandit ki shraddhakalpalata, nirnayasindhu, nilakanth ka shraddhamayookh, shraddhaprakash (viramitroday ka ek bhag), divakar bhatt ki shraddhachandrika, smritimuktaphal (shraddh par), dharmasindhu evan mitakshara ki tika–balabhatti. shraddhasambandhi vishad varnan upasthit karate samay, kahian-kahian avashyakatanusar samany vichar bhi upasthit kiye jayeange.
shraddhoan ki phalasoochiyaan
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
sankranti par kiya gaya shraddh anant kal tak ke lie sthayi hota hai, isi prakar janm ke din evan katipay nakshatroan mean shraddh karana chahie. apastamb dharmasootr[19], anushasan parv[20], vayu puran[21], yajnavalky[22], brahm puran[23], vishnu dharmasootr[24], koorm puran[25], brahmand puran[26] ne krishna paksh ki pratipada tithi se amavasya tak kiye gaye shraddhoan ke phaloan ka ullekh kiya hai.
grahan ke samay chhoot
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
apastamb dharmasootr[27], manu[28], vishnudharmasootr[29], koorm puran[30], brahmand puran[31], bhavishy puran[32] ne ratri, sandhya (godhooli kal) ya jab soory ka turat uday hua ho tab–aise kaloan mean shraddh sampadan mana kiya hai. kintu chandragrahan ke samay chhoot di hai. apastamb dharmasootr ne itana jo d diya hai ki yadi shraddh sampadan aparanhn mean arambh hua ho aur kisi karan se der ho jae tatha soory doob jae to karta ko shraddh sampadan ke shesh krity doosare din hi karane chahie aur use darbhoan par pind rakhane tak upavas karana chahie.
shraddh karane ka sthan
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
manu[33] ne vyavastha di hai ki karta ko prayas karake dakshin ki or dhaloo bhoomi khojani chahie, jo ki pavitr ho aur jahaan par manushy adhikatar n jate hoan. us bhoomi ko gobar se lip dena chahie, kyoanki pitar log vastavik svachchh sthaloan, nadi-tatoan evan us sthan par kiye ge shraddh se prasann hote haian, jahaan par log bahudha kam hi jate haian. yajnavalky[34] ne sankshipt roop se kaha hai ki shraddh sthal chaturdik se avrit, pavitr evan dakshin ki or dhaloo hona chahie. shankh[35] ka kathan hai–'bailoan, hathiyoan evan gho doan ki path par, ooanchi bhoomi ya doosare ki bhoomi par shraddh nahian karana chahie.' koorm puran[36] mean aya hai–van, puny parvat, tirthasthan, mandir–inake nishchit svami nahian hote aur ye kisi ki vaiyaktik sampatti nahian haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ deshe kale ch patre ch shraddhaya vidhina ch yath. pitrinuddishy viprabhyoan dattan shraddhamudahratamh.. brahmapuran (shraddhaprakash, prishth 3 evan 6; shraddhakalpalata, prishth 3; para. ma. 1|2, prishth 299). mita. (yajn. 1|217) mean aya hai–'shraddhan namtadaniyasy tatsyaniyasay va dravyasy pretoddeshen shraddhaya tyag:.' shraddhakalpataru (prishth 4) mean aisa kaha gaya hai–'eten pitrinuddishy dravyotyago brahmanasvikaranaparyantan shraddhasvaroopan pradhanamh.' shraddhakriyakaumudi (prishth 3-4) ka kathan hai–'kalpatarulakshanamayyanurvaday sannyasinamatmashraddhe devashraddhe sanakadishraddhe chavyapte:.' shridattakrit pitribhakti mean aya hai–'atr kalpatarukar: pitrinuddishy dravyapato brahmanasvikaranaparyanti hi shraddhamityah tadayuktamh.' dipakalika (yajnavalkyasmriti 1|128) ne kalpataru ki bat mani hai. shraddhavivek (prishth 1) ne is prakar kaha hai–'shraddhan nam vedavodhitapatrambhanapoorvakapramitapitradidevatoddeshyako dravyatyagavishesh:.' shraddhaprakash (prishth 4) ne is prakar kaha hai–'atrapastambadisakalavachanaparyalochanaya pramitamatroddeshyakannatyagavisheshasy brahmanadyadhikakaran pratipattyayangakasy shraddhapadarthatvan pratiyayate.' shraddhavivek ka kathan hai ki 'dravyatyag' ved ke shabdoan dvara vihit (vedabodhat) hai aur tyagi huee vastu supatr brahman ko (patralambhanapoorvak) di jati hai. shraddhaprakash mean 'pratipatti' ka arth hai yajn mean prayukt kisi vastu ki antim parinati, jaisa ki darshapoornamas yajn mean 'sah shakhaya prastaran praharati' namak vaky aya hai. yahaan 'shakhapraharan' 'pratipattikarm' hai (jaimini. 4|2|10-13) n ki arthakarm. isi prakar ahitagni ke sath usake yajnapatroan ka dah pratipattikarm hai (jahaan tak yajnapatroan ka sambandh hai).
- ↑ yah drishtikon yadi bharopiy (indo yooropiyan) nahian hai to kam se kam bharat parasy (indo eeraniyan) to hai hi. prachin parasi shastr phravashiyoan (phravashis=aangrezi bahuvachan} ke vishay mean charcha karate haian, jo arambhik roop mean prachin hindoo granthoan mean prayukt 'pitri' ya prachin romakoan (romavasiyoan) ka 'menas' shabd hai. ve mrit logoan ke amar evan adhishthata devata the. kramash: 'phravashi' ka arth vistrit ho gaya aur usamean devata tatha prithvi evan akash jaisi vastuean bhi sammilit ho gayian, arthath pratyek mean phravashi paya jane laga.
- ↑ apastamb dharmasootr (2|7|16|1-3
- ↑ kathak grihyasootr (61|3
- ↑ jaiminiy grihyasootr (2|3
- ↑ shaankhayan grihyasootr (3|12|2
- ↑ par. grihyasootr (3|3
- ↑ khadiragrihyasootr (3|3|29-30
- ↑ isi se gobhilagri. 3|10|9 ne ise apoopashtaka kaha hai
- ↑ khadiragrihyasootr (3|4|1
- ↑ ashvalayan grihyasootr (2|4|7-10
- ↑ gobhilagrihyasootr (4|1|18-22
- ↑ kaushik (138|2
- ↑ baudhayan grihyasootr (2|11|51|61
- ↑ skandapuran (nagarakhand, 215|24-25) mean aya hai–drishyante bahavo bheda dvijanaan shraddhakarmani. shraddhasy bahavo bheda: shakhabhedairvyavasthita:..
- ↑ yatha–anushasanaparv, adhyay 87-92
- ↑ bibliothika indika mala, 1716 prishthoan mean
- ↑ todaranand ka ek bhag
- ↑ apastamb dharmasootr (2|7|16|8-22
- ↑ anushasan parv (87
- ↑ vayu puran (99|10-19
- ↑ yajnavalky (1|262-263
- ↑ brahm puran (220|15|21
- ↑ vishnu dharmasootr (78|36-50
- ↑ koorm puran (2|20|17-22
- ↑ brahmand puran(3|17|10-22
- ↑ apastamb dharmasootr (7|17|23-25
- ↑ manu (3|280
- ↑ vishnudharmasootr (77|8-9
- ↑ koorm puran (2|16|3-4
- ↑ brahmand puran (3|14|3
- ↑ bhavishy puran (1|185|1
- ↑ manu (2|206-207
- ↑ yajnavalky (1|227
- ↑ shankh (para. ma. 1|2, prishth 303; shra. pr. prishth 140; smritich., shra., prishth 385
- ↑ koorm puran (2|22|17
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh