षडविंश ब्राह्मण
yah brahman samaved ke 'kauthum shakha' se sambandhit hai. sayan ne ise apane bhashy mean 'tandak kosh' kaha hai. isamean 6 adhyay hai isalie ise 'shadviansh brahman' kahate haian. isake pancham prapathak ko 'adbhut brahman' ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. isamean bhookamp, akal adi ka varnan kiya gaya hai. samaved ke any brahmanoan mean- vanshabrahman aur samavidhan brahman pramukh hai. vansh brahman mean samaved ke rrishiyoan ki vanshavali hai. samavidhan brahman mean vividh anushthanoan ka varnan hai, isake atirikt isamean jadoo-tone se sambandhit batean bhi bhi hai.
shadaviansh-brahman kauthumashakhiy samaved ka dvitiy mahattvapoorn brahmanagranth hai. jaisa ki poorvat: sanket kiya gaya, shadviansh kadachith tandy brahman ka bhag mana jata raha hai.bhashyopakramanika mean sayan ne ise 'tandakasheshabrahman' kaha hai. moolat: isamean somayagoan ke tandyanookt vishayoan ka tandy ki shrankhala mean vivechan hai, is karan bhi yah tandy brahman ka parishishti pratit hota hai.
svaroop, vibhag tatha chayanakram
shadaviansh brahman mean samprati chh: adhyay haian. nam se pratit hota hai ki pahale kabhi inhean ek hi adhyay mana jata hoga. shashth adhyay ki vishay-vastu shesh paanch adhyayoan ki vishayavastu se bhinn hai, atev adbhut-brahman ke nam se us aansh ki svatantr manyata bhi hai. is chhathe adhyay mean prayashchitt aur shakunadi adbhut karmoan ka varnan hai. kaha jata hai ki yah adhyay granth se paravarti kal mean sambaddh hua. is sandarbh mean pramukh yukti yah di jati hai ki pancham adhyay ka parisamapan 'iti' se hua hai-
tasyanu triptian tripyati prajaya pashubhirannadyen tejasa brahmavarchaseneti.[1]
sayan-bhashy se jnat hota hai ki 'iti' shabd adhyay ki parisamapti ka soochak hai. prachin granthoan mean samanyataya granth ki samapti ya to 'iti' se dikhalaee deti hai ya antim vaky ki avritti se. chhathe adhyay ka prarambh 'athat:' se hona bhi kisi naye granth ke arambh ka dyotak hai- 'athatoadbhutanaan karmanaan shanti vyakhyasyamh:'.[2] udaharan ke lie brahmasootr aur mimaansasootr ko liya ja sakata hai, jinaka arambh kramash: 'athato brahmajijnasa' tatha 'athato dharmajijnasa' se hua hai. kintu hamare vichar se is 'athat:' ka sambandh yahaan navin granth ke arambh se n hokar navin vastu ke niroopan se hai, jaisa ki sayan ka kathan hai ki ishtaprapti ke sadhanabhoot karmoan ka niroopan pahale paanch adhyayoan mean hai aur tatpashchath anishtaparihar ke sadhanoan ka niroopan shashth adhyay mean hai.
shadaviansh-brahman ke ab tak pray: sat vibhinn sanskaran prakashit hue haian, jinamean vyavastha aur vinyasagat vipul antar hai. yahaan pro. bi.ar sharma aur dablyoo.bi. boli (W.B. Bolle) ke sanskaranoan ke adhar par is antar ko yoan nirdisht kiya ja sakata hai. boli ka sanskaran moolat: ech.eph. eelasianh (H.F. Eelsingh) ke shodh prabandh par adhrit hai. usamean chh: prapathakoan ko paanch mean hi samavisht kar diya gaya hai. yah nimnaprakar se kiya gaya hai—
- sharma-sanskaran ke tritiy adhyay ke 1-3 khand boli-sanskaran mean dvitiy adhyay ke antargat hai.
- sharma-sanskaran ke tritiy adhyay ke shesh khand aur sampoorn chaturth adhyay boli-sanskaran mean tritiy adhyay ke antargat hai.
- sharma-sanskaran ka pancham adhyay boli ke sanskaran mean chaturth adhyay hai.
- sharma-sanskaran ka shashth adhyay boli ke sanskaran mean pancham adhyay hai. shashth adhyay ke 'adbhut-brahman' ke nam se prapt hastalekhoan se pratit hota hai ki paryapt prachinakal se isaki svatantragranth ke roop mean manyata rahi hai.
pratipady vishay
adhyayanusar shadaviansh-brahman ki vishay-vastu is prakar hai-
pratham adhyay
isamean kul 7 khand haian, jinamean se pratham do khandoan mean subrahyanya nigad ka varnan hai. sargadi mean brahm aur subrahm do hi ke astitvasoochak aanshoan se prarambh shadaviansh-brahman subrahmanya nigad ki gauravamayi prashansa karake yajaman ko paramarsh deta hai ki vah subrahmanya ke sarvavidhavetta ko hi subrahmany rritvikh ke pad par niyukt kare. tritiy khand mean tinoan savanoan ke sam aur unake chhandoan ka niroopan hai. chaturthakhand mean jyotishtom ke sutyah ke vakh se pahale ke krityoan tatha vishvaroopagan ka vidhan he. pancham khand mean vasishthagotrotpann brahman ko hi brahma ke pad par pratishthit karane ke lie kaha gaya ha. prajapati ne bhoo:, bhuv: aur sv: in tin mahavyahritiyoan ko kramash: rrigved-yajurved aur samaved se nissrit kiya. is khand se tin mahavyahritiyoan tatha prayashchittaparak krityoan ka bhi vidhan hai. shashth khand mean bhi jnat-ajnat trutiyoan ka prayashchitt vihit hai. saptamakhand mean arthavadapoorvak somadevavishayak arthath saumy charu ke nirvap ka vidhan hai.
dvitiy adhyay
isamean bhi 7 khand haian. 1-3 khandoan mean agnishtomantargat bahishpavaman ke retasya aur dhooraganoan ka vidhan hai. chaturthakhand mean hota, adhvaryu, brahma, udgata aur sadasy prabhriti rritvijoan tatha hotrachchhansi aur chamasadhvaryu adi uprritvijoan ke yagagat prakirn dharmoan ka samany niroopan hai. 5-7 khandoan mean tinoan savanoan mean chamas-bhakshan hetu upahavadi ka kathan hai.
tritiy adhyay
pratham do khandoan mean yah pradarshit hai ki hota adi ke dvara ki gee bhoolean yajaman ke lie hanikarak hoti haian, atev unhean apane karttavyakarm ka poornajnan prapt karake yajn ko ang-vaikaly se bachaye rakhana chahie, kyoanki yajaman ki pashu-sampatti adhvaryu par, kirti hota par, yogakshem brahma par aur atma udgata par ashrit hai. tritiy khand mean rritvikh-varan, raja se yag-bhoomi ki yachana aur yagarth upayukt bhoomi ka varnan hai. chaturth khand mean avabhrith (snan) dharm, yajnavashisht dravy ka jal ke samip anayan aur rakshoghn sam (avabhrithahetuk) ke gan-hetuoan adi ka niroopan hai. 5-9 khandoan mean abhicharayagoan ka vidhan hai, jisake karan is brahman ka vishesh mahattv hai. pancham khand mean trivritstom ki do vishtutiyoan, shashth mean panchadashastom ki vishtuti, saptamakhand mean saptadash stom ki vishtuti, ashtam mean ekavianshastom ki vishtuti tatha navam mean trinavastom ki vishtuti ka varnan hai.
chaturth adhyay
isamean chh: khand haian. pratham khand mean vyoodhadvadashah yag ke dharmoan ka chhandoan ke kram-parivartan ka kathan karate hue niroopan hai. vastut: yahaan keval nau dinoan ke krityoan ka hi vidhan hai, kyoanki prayaniyakhy pratham din, udayaniyakhy 12vean din tatha 10vean din ke krity sabhi yagoan mean saman hote haian. dvitiy khand mean shyenayag namak abhichar-yag ka niroopan tatha usake stotragat stomoan aur samoan ka kathan hai. tritiy aur chaturthakhandoan mean trivridagnishtom aur sandansh-yagoan ka niroopan hai. panchamakhand mean vajrayag ka vidhan tatha vajr aur sandansh yagoan mean giyaman samoan ka vaishishty pradarshit hai. shashth khand vaishvadevakhy trayodashah ke niroopan se sambaddh hai.
pancham adhyay
yah 7 khandoan mean vibhakt haian pratham khand mean agnihotr-niroopan karate hue usaki jyotishtom se tulana ki gee hai. yajaman ke patr se ajy ke gir jane par prayashchitt ka vidhan hai. hutavashisht, havi hi isaki dakshina batalaee gee hai. dvitiy khand mean kaha gaya hai ki agnihotr ke anushthan se hi any yagasadhy isht bhi sadhit ho jate haian. isake samarthan-hetu ek akhyayika bhi prastut ki gee hai. tritiy aur chaturth khandoan mean audumbari aur yajnayoop ka vaishishtyasahit niroopan hai. pancham khand mean sandhyopasanavishayak vivaran prapy hai. shashth khand mean chandrama ke ghatane-badhane ka niroopan haian devagan shuklapaksh mean som-pan ki diksha lete haian aur krishnapaksh mean som ka bhakshan karate haian. prithvi, antariksh aur dyulok- ye som-pan ke tin patr haian. chandrama ki 15 kalaean uparyukt patroan ke dvara devataoan ke bhakshan mean kam a jati hai aur 16vian kala aushadhiyoan mean pravisht ho jati he. saptam khand mean svaha devata ki utpatti, parivarik sambandh aur usake aksharadi ka kathan hai.
shashth adhyay
jaisa ki pahale sanket kiya gaya hai, is adhyay mean adbhut karmo-anishtoan tatha apashakunoan-ki shanti ka vidhan hai. isamean kul 12 khand haian, jinamean se-
- pratham khand mean palash ki samidhaoan se 1008 ahutiyoan ka vidhan hai. indr, yam, varun, dhanad, agni, vayu, som, aur vishnu in ath devoan ke nimitt ath mantr diye gaye haian. ant mean pathaniy svastivachan mantr hai.
- dvitiy khand mean shatru-vijay ke nimitt homavishesh ka pratipadan hai.
- tritiy khand mean indravishayak adbhut homavishesh ka anushthan vihit hai. yah tab karaniy hai jab maninirmit abhooshanoan athava mata, ghatadi ki kshati ho, chitt-pi da ho, rajakul ke sath vivad ka prasang ho, yan-chhatradi athava grih-bhag bhang ho jaye athava hathiyoan aur ashvoan mean se kisi ki mrityu ho jaye.
- chaturth khand mean yam ke nimitt adbhut karmoan ka anushthan vihit hai. is anushthan ke nimittavishesh haian- apane kutumbiyoan athava pashuoan ke sharir mean vyadhi ho; du:svapn, anidra athava kshudha-nash ki sthiti ho; alasyadi se grasth ho. isake liye 108 bar 'nake.'[3] prabhriti rrikh ka gan karake yam ke nimitt ahuti-panchak pradey he.
- pancham khand mean varun se sambaddh adbhutoan ki shanti ka vidhan hai. yah kshetrasth athava grihagat ann ko mooshakadi ya ativrishti adi se kshati pahuanchane ki sthiti mean karaniy hai. uparyukt karanoan ke upasthit hone par 'ghritavati'[4] rrikh ke gan tatha varun ke nimitt paanch ahutiyaan dene ka vidhan hai.
- shashth khand mean svarn, rajat, vedooryadi ki hani hone par kritodyog ke nishphal hone par, mitroan ke vidvesh karane par pishachadijany udveg hone par, kashtakar pakshiyoan ke ghar mean basera banane par vaishravanadev ke nimitt hom vihit hai. is krity mean vaishravan, yakshadhipati, hiranyapani, eeshvar aur sarvapapaprashamayita in paanch namoan ke nimitt ahutipanchak dekar 'abhityan daivamh'[5] mantr gey hai.
- saptam khand mean agni se sambaddh apashakunoan ke nivaran ki vidhi ullikhit hai. jab prithvi t d-t d karake phatane lage, usamean kampan hone lage, anagni dhoom utpann ho, bina varsha ke jal gire, jal mean prakshipt patthar n doobe aur prakshipt mritasharir doob jaye, akal pushp-phal utpann hoan, tab yah anushthey hai.
- ashtamakhand mean vayudev se sambaddh utpatoan ke shamanahetu homavishesh vihit hai. isake nimitt vishesh hai- vayu ka atirek athava abhav, parvatoan ka toot-tootakar girana, ghar mean vany pashuoan ka pravesh, akash mean maans-khand aur rudhiradi ki varsha, ityadi.
- navam khand mean yajaman ke dvara svargabhimukh hokar kshom ke adbhutoan ki shanti ka vidhan hai. is hom ke ye nimittavishesh haian- nakshatr tootakar girane lagana, ulkapat, antariksh mean dhoomaketu ka avirbhav, gayoan ke thanoan se doodh ke sthan par raktastrav ityadi.
- dasham khand mean vishnujany adbhutoan ki shanti ke nimitt homavishesh ka sampadan vihit he. isake nimitt vishesh haian- svapn mean ayananaddh ashvadi ka gaman dekhana, dev-pratimaoan ka hansana tatha pasijana ityadi. is krity mean svastivachan ke sath brahman-bhojan tatha dakshina ka bhi vidhan hai.
- gyarahavean khand mean rudr hai.
- barahavean mean sooryadaivaty adbhutoan ki shanti ka vidhan hai.
is prakar yah brahmanagranth shrautayagoan ke sath hi lok-vishvasoan ke adhar par chalane vale samanantar dharmik vishvasoan se sambaddh anushthanik krityoan ka bhi shrautasvaroop mean hi prastavak hai. shadvianshabrahman mean yajniy vidhi-vidhanoan ki vyakhya ke sandarbh mean pray: 24 akhyayikaean aee haian. inamean se indr aur ahalyavishayak akhyan, jisaka puranoan mean paravarti kal mean prachur pallavan hua, yahaan vishesharoop se ullekhy hai. shadvianshabrahman ke vibhinn sanskaranoan mean pro.bi.ar. sharma ka 1967 mean tirupati se prakashit sanskaran shreshth hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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