संविधान संशोधन

sanvidhan sanshodhan
bharat ka sanvidhan|200px|center
vivaran	'bharatiy sanvidhan' ka nirman 'sanvidhan sabha' dvara kiya gaya tha. sanvidhan mean samay-samay par avashyakata hone par sanshodhan bhi hote rahe haian. vidhayini sabha mean kisi vidheyak mean parivartan, sudhar athava use nirdosh banane ki prakriya ko hi 'sanshodhan' kaha jata hai.
sanvidhan lagoo hone ki tithi	26 janavari, 1950
nirmanakarta	sanvidhan sabha
pratham adhyaksh	sachchidanand sinha
sanshodhan prakriya	sanvidhan ke gun-avagun parakhane ki kasauti sanshodhan ki prakriya hai. kuchh deshoan ke sanvidhan ka sanshodhan vidhi-nirman ki sadharan prakriya ke anusar hi hota hai. aise sanvidhanoan ko 'namaniy' ya 'saral sanvidhan' kahate haian.
any janakari	'bharat ka sanvidhan' briten ki sansadiy pranali ke namoone par adharit hai, kintu ek vishay mean yah usase bhinn hai. briten mean sansad sarvochch hai, jabaki bharat mean sansad nahian; balki 'sanvidhan' sarvochch hai.

bharat ka sanvidhan 26 janavari, 1950 ko lagoo hua tha. isaka nirman 'sanvidhan sabha' ne kiya tha, jisaki pahali baithak 9 disambar, 1946 ko huee thi. sanvidhan sabha ne 26 navambar, 1949 ko sanvidhan ko aangikar kar liya tha. sanvidhan sabha ki pahali baithak avibhajit bharat ke lie bulaee gee thi. 4 agast, 1947 ko sanvidhan sabha ki baithak punah huee aur usake adhyaksh sachchidanand sinha niyukt hue the. sinha ke nidhan ke bad d aau. rajendr prasad sanvidhan sabha ke adhyaksh bane. faravari, 1948 mean sanvidhan ka masauda prakashit hua. 26 navambar, 1949 ko sanvidhan antim roop mean svikrit hua aur 26 janavari, 1950 ko lagoo hua.

sarvochchata

'bharat ka sanvidhan' briten ki sansadiy pranali ke namoone par adharit hai, kintu ek vishay mean yah usase bhinn hai. briten mean sansad sarvochch hai. bharat mean sansad nahian; balki sanvidhan sarvochch hai. bharat mean nyayalayoan ko bharat ki sansad dvara pas kie ge qanoon ki sanvaidhanikata par faisala karane ka adhikar prapt hai.

sanshodhan

sanvidhan mean samay-samay par avashyakata hone par sanshodhan bhi hote rahe haian. vidhayini sabha mean kisi vidheyak mean parivartan, sudhar athava use nirdosh banane ki prakriya ko 'sanshodhan' kaha jata hai. sabha ya samiti ke prastav ke shodhan ki kriya ke lie bhi is shabd ka prayog hota hai. kisi bhi desh ka sanvidhan kitani hi savadhani se banaya jae, kiantu manushy ki kalpana shakti ki sima bandhi huee hai. bhavishy mean ane vali aur badalane vali sabhi paristhitiyoan ki kalpana vah sanvidhan ke nirman kal mean nahian kar sakata. aantararashtriy paristhitiyoan ki gutthiyoan ke karan bhi sanvidhan mean sanshodhan aur parivartan karana avashyak tatha zaroori ho jata hai. sanvaidhanik sanshodhan ki prakriya ka ullekh likhit sanvidhan ka avashyak aang mana gaya hai. 'garnar' ke shabdoan mean- "koee bhi likhit sanvidhan is prakar ke upabandhoan ke bina apoorn hai."

prakriya

sanvidhan ke gun-avagun parakhane ki kasauti bhi sanshodhan ki prakriya hai. kuchh deshoan ke sanvidhan ka sanshodhan vidhi-nirman ki sadharan prakriya ke anusar hi hota hai. aise sanvidhanoan ko 'namaniy' ya 'saral sanvidhan' kahate haian. is prakar ke sanvidhan ka sarvottam udaharan ianglaiand ka sanvidhan hai. kuchh sanvidhanoan ke sanshodhan ki prakriya ke lie ek vishisht prakriya ka alanban kiya jata hai. yah prakriya jatil evan durooh hoti hai. aise sanvidhan 'jatil' ya 'anamamiy' sanvidhan kahalate haian. sanyukt rajy amarika ka sanvidhan aise sanvidhanoan ka sarvottam udaharan hai. bharatiy ganatantr sanvidhan ke sanshodhan ka kuchh aansh namaniy hai aur kuchh aansh ki anamaniy prakriya hai. in donoan vidhiyoan ko grahan karane se desh ke maulik siddhaantoan ka poshan hoga aur sanvidhan mean paristhitiyoan ke anukool vikasit hone ki preranashakti bhi shamil hogi.

samarthan ya anumodan

amataur par kisi sabha ya samiti mean kisi bhi sadasy ko apana mat prakat karane ya koee prastav preshit karane ka adhikar hota hai. ya jab kisi sabha ke sadasyoan ko sabha ke vibhinn padoan ke lie alag-alag vyaktiyoan ko manonit karane ka adhikar hota hai, tab manonit karane vale sadasy ke kary ki pushti doosare sadasy ke dvara hona anivary hota hai. at: ek sadasy, jab kisi prastav ko preshit karata hai ya kisi sadasy ko kisi kary ke lie manonit karata hai, tab is kary ko sanvaidhanik banane ke lie doosare sadasy ko is kary ka samarthan ya anumodan karana p data hai. yadi aisa nahian kiya jata to upayukt kary vaidhanik nahian mane jaeange aur ve kary shoony man lie jayeange.

sanvidhan sabha ke pramukh sadasy kaangresi sadasy gair kaangresi sadasy mahila sadasy sadasyata asvikar karane vale vyakti pan javahar lal neharoo d aau. sarvapalli radhakrishnan sarojini nayadoo jayaprakash narayan saradar vallabh bhaee patel d aau. shyamaprasad mukharji shrimati hansa mehata tejabahadur saproo d aau. rajeandr prasad en. gopalasvami ayangar maulana abulakalam azad pan. hridayanath kuanjaroo chakravarti rajagopalachari sar alladi krishnaasvami ayyar achary je.bi. kripalani tekachand bakhshi pan. goviand ballabh pant pro. ke. ti. shah rajarshi purushottam das tandan d aau. bhimarav ambedakar balagoviand kher d aau. jayakar ke. em. muanshi ti. ti. krishnaamachari

sanvidhan sabha ki pramukh samitiyaan samiti adhyaksh niyam samiti d aau. rajeandr prasad sangh shakti samiti pan javahar lal neharoo sangh sanvidhan samiti pan javahar lal neharoo praantiy sanvidhan samiti saradar vallabh bhaee patel sanchalan samiti d aau. rajeandr prasad praroop samiti d aau. bhimarav ambedakar jhanda samiti je. bi. kripalani rajy samiti pan javahar lal neharoo paramarsh samiti saradar vallabh bhaee patel sarvochch nyayalay samiti es. varadachariyar mool adhikar upasamiti je. bi. kripalani alpasankhyak upasamiti ech. si. mukharji

sanvidhan mean samay-samay par hue sanshodhan

sanvidhan mean sanshodhan

kram sankhya	sanshodhan	kram sankhya	sanshodhan	kram sankhya	sanshodhan
1.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- pahala	2.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- doosara	3.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- tisara
4.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- chautha	5.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- pachavaan	6.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- chhatha
7.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- satavaan	8.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- athavaan	9.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- nauvaan
10.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- dasavaan	11.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 11vaan	12.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 12vaan
13.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 13vaan	14.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 14vaan	15.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 15vaan
16.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 16vaan	17.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 17vaan	18.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 18vaan
19.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 19vaan	20.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 20vaan	21.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 21vaan
22.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 22vaan	23.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 23vaan	24.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 24vaan
25.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 25vaan	26.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 26vaan	27.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 27vaan
28.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 28vaan	29.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 29vaan	30.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 30vaan
31.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 31vaan	32.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 32vaan	33.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 33vaan
34.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 34vaan	35.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 35vaan	36.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 36vaan
37.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 37vaan	38.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 38vaan	39.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 39vaan
40.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 40vaan	41.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 41vaan	42.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 42vaan
43.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 43vaan	44.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 44vaan	45.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 45vaan
46.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 46vaan	47.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 47vaan	48.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 48vaan
49.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 49vaan	50.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 50vaan	51.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 51vaan
52.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 52vaan	53.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 53vaan	54.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 54vaan
55.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 55vaan	56.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 56vaan	57.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 57vaan
58.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 58vaan	59.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 59vaan	60.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 60vaan
61.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 61vaan	62.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 62vaan	63.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 63vaan
64.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 64vaan	65.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 65vaan	66.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 66vaan
67.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 67vaan	68.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 68vaan	69.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 69vaan
70.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 70vaan	71.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 71vaan	72.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 72vaan
73.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 73vaan	74.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 74vaan	75.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 75vaan
76	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 76vaan	77.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 77vaan	78.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 78vaan
79.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 79vaan	80	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 80vaan	81.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 81vaan
82.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 82vaan	83.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 83vaan	84.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 84vaan
85.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 85vaan	86.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 86vaan	87.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 87vaan
88.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 88vaan	89.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 89vaan	90.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 90vaan
91.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 91vaan	92.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 92vaan	93.	sanvidhan sanshodhan- 93vaan

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