सप्ताह

samanyat: ek mah mean char saptah hote haian aur ek saptah mean sat din hote haian. saptah ke pratyek din par nau grahoan ke svamiyoan mean se kramash: pahale sat ka raj chalata hai. jaise-

1. ravivar par soory ka raj chalata hai.
2. somavar par chandrama ka raj chalata hai.
3. mangalavar par mangal ka raj chalata hai.
4. budhavar par budh ka raj chalata hai.
5. brihaspativar par guru ka raj chalata hai.
6. shukravar par shukr ka raj chalata hai.
7. shanivar par shani ka raj chalata hai.

• antim do rahu aur ketu kramash: mangalavar aur shanivar ke sath sambandh banate haian.

yahaan ek bat yad rakhana zaroori hai- pashchim mean din ki shuruat madhy ratri se hoti hai aur vaidik din ki shuruat sooryoday se hoti hai. vaidik jyotish mean jab ham din ki bat karean to matalab sooryoday se hi hoga. saptah ke pratyek din ke karyakalap usake svami ke prabhav se prabhavit hote haian aur vyakti ke jivan mean usi ke anurup phal ki prapti hoti hai. jaise- chandrama dimag aur guru dharmik karyakalap ka karak hota hai. is var mean inase sambandhit kary karana vyakti ke paksh mean jata hai. saptah ke dinoan ke nam grahoan ki sanjnaoan ke adhar par rakhe ge haian arthat jo nam grahoan ke haian, vahi nam in dinoan ke bhi haian. jaise-

• soory ke din ka nam ravivar, adityavar, arkavar, bhanuvar ityadi.
• shanishchar ke din ka nam shanivar, saurivar adi.
• sanskriht mean ya any kisi bhi bhasha mean bhi saptahik dinoan ke nam sat grahoan ke nam par hi milate haian. sanskriht mean grah ke nam ke age var ya vasar ya koee or prayayavachi shabd rakh diya jata hai.
• saptah keval manav nirmit vyavastha hai. isake pichhe koee jyotiahshastriy ya prakritik yojana nahian hai.
• spen akraman ke poorv meksiko mean paanch dinoan ki yojana thi.
• sat dinoan ki yojana yahoodiyoan, bebiloniyoan evan dakshin amerika ke ianka logoan mean thi.
• lokatantrik yug mean romanoan mean ath dinoan ki vyavastha thi, misriyoan evan prachin atheniyanoan mean das dinoan ki yojana thi.
• old testament mean aya hai ki eeshvar ne chhah dinoan tak srishti ki aur satavean din vishram karake use ashish dekar pavitr banaya. - jenesira, eksodas evan deuteronami mean eeshvar ne yahoodiyoan ko chhah dinoan tak kam karane ka adesh diya hai aur ek din (satavean din) aram karane ko kaha hai aur use eeshvar ke saibbath (vishramavasar) ke roop mean pavitr manane ki ajna di hai.
• yahoodiyoan ne saibbath (jo ki saptah ka antim din hai) ko chho dakar kisi din ko nam nahian diya hai; use ve ravivar n kahakar shanivar manate haian.
• old testament mean saptah-dinoan ke nam (vyaktivachak) nahian milate. aisa pratit hota hai ki nyoo testament mean bhi saptah-din keval sankhya se hi dyotit haian. saptah mean koee n koee din katipay deshoan evan dharmik sampradayoan dvara saibbath (vishramadin) ya pavitr mana gaya hai, yatha - somavar yoonani saibbath din, mangal parasiyoan ka, budh asiriyoan ka, brihaspati misriyoan ka, shukr musalamanoan ka, shanivar yahoodiyoan ka evan ravivar eesaeeyoan ka pavitr vishramadin hai.
• sat dinoan ke vritt ke udbhav evan vikas ka varnan 'eph. ech. kolsan' ke granth 'di vik' mean ullikhit hai.
• dayon kaisias (tisari shati ke pratham charan mean) ne apani 37vian pustak mean likha hai ki 'pampeyi ee. poo. 83 mean yeroosalem par adhikar kiya, us din yahoodiyoan ka vishram din tha. usamean aya hai ki grahiy saptah (jisamean dinoan ke nam grahoan ke nam par adharit haian) ka udbhav misr mean hua.
• diyo ne 'roman histri' mean yah spasht kiya hai ki saptah ka udgam yoonan mean n hokar misr mean hua aur vah bhi prachin nahian hai balki hal ka hai. isase prakat hai ki yoonan mean saptah ka jnan-pravesh eesa ki pahali shati mean hua. pampeyi ke nagar mean, jo sanh 79 ee. mean lava (jvalamukhi) mean doob gaya tha, ek divar par saptah ke chhah dinoan ke nam alikhit haian. isase sanket milata hai ki sanh 79ee0 ke poorv hi itali mean saptah-dinoan ke nam jnat the.
• kolsan mahoday is bat se bhramit ho ge haian ki tyootan deshoan mean 'veansde' evan 'thastade' jaise nam kaise ae.
• sartan ne 'histri aauph saians' mean likha hai ki 'yahoodi, misri din-ghante evan chaldiya ke jyotish ne vartaman saptah ki srishti ki hai. sartan ka mat hai ki grahiy dinoan ka arambh misr evan bebilon mean hua, yoonan mean isaka poorvajnan nahian tha. adhunik yooropiy ghante bebilon ghantoan evan misri panchaang ki din-sankhya par adharit haian.
• ee. poo. doosari shati tak yoorop mean tatha madhy eshiya mean aj ke saptah-dinoan ke namoan ke adi ke vishay mean koee jnan nahian tha.

roman kelaianndar

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roman kelaianndar mean samrat koansteantaeen ne eesa ke qarib tin sau varsh ke bad sat dinoan vale saptah ko nishchat kiya aur unhean nakshatroan ke nam diye -

• saptah ke pahale din ko 'soory ka nam' diya gaya hai.
• doosare din ko chaand ka nam diya gaya hai.
• tisare din ko mangal diya gaya hai.
• chauthe din ko budh diya gaya hai.
• paanchavean din ko brihaspati diya gaya hai.
• chhathe din ko shukr diya gaya hai.
• satavean din ko shani ka nam diya gaya hai.
• aj bhi roman sanskriti se prabhavit deshoan mean inhian namoan ka prayog hota hai.

vibhinn deshoan ke anusar

somavar ko 'loona' yani chaand ka nam diya gaya, isalie italavi bhasha mean use 'lunedi' aur phraans mean use 'landi' kahate haian. bharat mean bhi saptah ke din isi parampara se ju de haian. lekin purtagal jo ki letin bhasha aur roman sanskriti ka desh hai, vahaan kuchh bhinn hua. ve log 'ravivar' ko to soory ke sath jo date haian par saptah ke baki ke dinoan ko 'suguanda phera', 'teraseira phera', yani doosara din, tisara din adi kahate haian. isi prakar ka hisab chin mean bhi hai jahaan 'chhiangachiyi', 'chhiangachier', 'chhiangachisan' adi ka arth pahala din, doosara din, tisara din adi hi hota hai. par japani bhasha isase bhinn hai. japani bhasha mean dinoan ke nam is prakar haian-

• ravivar ko 'nichiyobi' yani 'soory ka din' kaha jata hai.
• somavar ko getasuyobi yani chaand ka din kaha jata hai.
• mangalavar ko kayobi yani ag ka din kaha jata hai.
• budhavar ko sueeyobi yani pani ka din kaha jata hai.
• brihaspativar ko mokuyobi yani lak di ka din kaha jata hai.
• shukravar ko kinayobi yani svarnadin kaha jata hai.
• shanivar ko doyobi yani dharati ka din kaha jata hai.

agreji mean inhian dino ko 'sande', 'mande' aur 'setarade' tin dinoan ke nam roman namoan se milate haian yani 'soory', 'chandr' aur 'shani' ke nam se ju de par baki dinoan ke nam bhinn haian, yah kaise hua? isaka karan ianglaiand ka itihas hai. roman samrajy ke bad vahaan par bahar se hamale hote rahe, kabhi jarmani se, kabhi skedeneviya ke deshoan se, jahaan ke engaloseksan log apane sath apane devi devata le kar aye. norve ke 'thor devata' jo badaloan aur toofan ki g dag dahat ke devata haian unhoanne apana nam diya 'brihaspativar' ko yani ki 'tharsade'. norve ke sabase b de devata 'vodan' ne nam diya budhavar yani 'vedanesade' ko. 'voden' devata ke putr 'tiv' ne nam diya mangalavar yani 'tyoosade' ko aur 'voden' ki patni 'phriya' ne nam diya shukravar yani 'phraeede' ko.

granthoan ke anusar

• yahi bat vishnupuran mean bhi hai.

aisa tark diya jata hai ki saptah - dinoan ka kram misriyoan ke 24 ghantoan vali vidhi par adharit hai, jahaan pratyek din - bhag kram se ek grah se shasit hai.

• ravivar ko pratham bhag par soory ka,
• 21vean bhag ke uparant 22vean bhag par punah soory ka,
• 23vean par shukr ka,
• 24vean par budh ka shasan mana jata hai tatha
• doosare din 25vean bhag (ya ghante) ko somavar kaha jata hai. yadi yah vyavastha 24 ghantoan evan ghanta-shasakoan par adharit hai to vahi kram lambe dhang se bhi ho sakata hai. 24 ghantoan ke sthan par 60 bhagoan (ghatikaoan) mean din ko baanta ja sakata hai. yadi ham chandr se arambh karean aur ek ghati (ya ghatika) ek grah se samanvit karean to 57vian ghati chandr ki hogi, 58vian budh ki, 59vian shukr ki, 60vian soory ki aur somavar ke uparant doosara din hoga mangalavar.
• aisa pratit hota hai ki prachin kal mean kisi desh mean (aur aj bhi aisa hai) saptah - dinoan mean ek ke uparant ek dinoan mean dharmik krity nahian hote the. saptah ke dinoan ke udbhav evan vikas ke vishay par mat-matantar hai. aisa kaha gaya hai ki bharatiy saptah - din bharat ke nahian haian, prachyut ve chaldiya ya yoonan ke haian. yahaan ham yah dekheange sahityik evan shilalekhiy praman hamean is vishay mean kitani door le jate haian. is vishay mean atyant prachin shilalekhiy praman hai-
• eran ka stambh-shilalekh, jo budhagupt (san 484 ee.) ka hai, jisamean ashadh shukl dvadashi evan brihaspati ka ullekh hai. man liya jae ki saptah ki dharana abharatiy hai, to isake poorv ki vah sarvasadharan ke jivan mean is prakar samahit ho jae ki gupt samrat apani ghoshanaoan mean usaka prayog karane lagean, to yah manana p dega ki aisa hone mean kee shatiyoan ki avashyakata p degi.
• ab ham sahityik praman lean. aryabhat krit dashagitika, shlok 3 mean gurudivas (brihaspativad) ka ullekh hai.
• brihatsanhita mean mangal (kshititanay divas) ka ullekh hai.
• panchasiddhantika mean som divas (somavar) aya hai.
• brihatsanhita ne ravivar se shanivar tak ke karmoan ka ullekh kiya hai.
• isi vishay mean utpal ne garg namak prachin jyotirvidh ke 18 anushtuph shlokoan ka uddharan diya hai. karn ne garg ko ee. poo. pahali shati ka mana hai. isase prakat hai ki bharat mean saptah-dinoan ka jnan ee. poo. pratham shati mean avashy tha.
• philastretas ne tayana ke apolloniyas (jo sanh 18 ee. mean mara) ke jivan charit mean likha hai ki kis prakar bharat mean yatra karate samay apolloniyas ne brahmanoan ke neta irchus se 7 aangoothiyaan prapt kian, jin par 7 grahoan ke nam the aur jinhean use pratidin ek-ek karake pahanana tha. isase bhi yahi prakat hota hai ki grah - nam pratham shati ke bich mean bharat ke log grahiy dinoan se parichit the.
• vaikhanas-smart-sootr evan baudhayan dharmasootr mean soory, chandr, mangal, budh, brihaspati, shukr, shani, rahu evan ketu namak grahoan ke nam ae haian.
• pratham granth mean budhavar ka bhi ullekh hai.
• atharvan-vedaang-jyotish (varaprakaran, shlok 1 se 8) mean ravivar se lekar shanivar tak ke karmoan ka ullekh hai.
• gatha-saptashati (hal krit prakrit kavy sangrah) mean mangal evan vishti ka ullekh hai.
• yajnavalky smriti mean aj ki bhaanti dinoan evan rahu-ketu ke sath navagrahoan ki charcha hai.
• yahi bat narad puran mean hai.
• puranoan mean saptah-dinoan ke vishay mean bahut-se varjit evan many karmoan ke ullekh haian. bahut-se puranoan ki tithiyoan ke vishay mean matabhed haian, kintu itana to pramanoan se siddh hai ki eesa ki pratham do shatiyoan mean grahoan ki pooja evan saptah ke dinoan ke vishay mean poorn jnan tha.
• mahabharat jaise vishal granth mean, jahaan par dharmashastriy ullekh adhik sankhya mean hue haian, saptah-dinoan ki charcha nahian hai. jaisa ki oopar kaha ja chuka hai, yah sapraman siddh ho chuka hai ki bharatiy log ee. poo. pratham shati evan ee. uparant pratham shati ke bich grahoan ki pooja evan grahayukt dinoan ke jnan se bhali-bhaanti parichit the. ek any drashtavy bat yah hai ki dinoan ke nam poornataya bharatiy haian, un par yoonani ya abharatiy prabhav nahian hai. kintu rashiyoan ke nam ke vishay mean aisi bat nahian hai, vahaan 'kriy' evan 'ley' jaise shabd bahy roop se a ge haian. t aaulmi (san 150 ee.) ne 24 ghantoan evan 60 bhagoan ka ullekh kiya hai. bharatiyoan mean 60 ghatikaoan ka prayog prachin hai. bharatiyoan ne dopahar ya ratri se din ki ganana nahian ki, pratyut pratah se hi ki hai. ashvamedhik parv mean spasht kathan hai ki pahale din ata hai tab ratri ati hai.

bharat mean sat dinoan vale din-vritt ke vishay mean kee siddhantoan ka pratipadan karana sambhav hai. budh, shukr, mangal, brihaspati evan shani paanch grahoan ke sath prachin bebiloniyoan ne paanch devoan ki kalpana ki thi. ye dev age chalakar romak roopoan mean parivartit ho ge. prem ki devi eestar shukr ke roop mean ho gee, murduk namak b da dev brihaspati ho gaya.......adi. ye paanchoan grah soory evan chandr ke sath svargik roop vale ho ge. chaldiya ke mandiroan mean jo pooja hoti thi aur jo siriya tak pracharit thi, usamean vishisht din par pratyek dev ki prarthanaean hoti thian. jo dev jis din poojit hota tha vah usi din ke sath samanvit ho gaya. jo din soory evan chandr ke lie pavitr the ve ravivar evan somavar ho ge. ianglaind mean kuchh din-nam prayog mean a ge, yatha vednas de (vodeansade) evan tharsade (thors de). kintu saptah ke din yoorop mean bebilon devoan ke nam se hi bane. bharat evan bebilon mean ate prachin kal se vyaparik tatha any prakar ke sampark sthapit the. bharat mean soory-pooja prachin hai, yatha- kashmir mean martand, uttari gujarat mean modhera, u disa mean konark. aj bhi kahian-kahian 'rahu' evan 'ketu' ke mandir haian, yatha- ahamadanagar zile mean 'rahuri' sthan par. kautily ne kal ke bahut-se bhagoan ka (truti se yug tak) ullekh kiya hai aur kaha hai ki do na dikaean ek muhoort ke tatha ek ahoratr (din-rat) 30 muhoortoan ke barabar haian. isase prakat hai ki kautily ko keval 60 na dikaoan vala din jnat tha. ek na di barabar thi ek ghati (ya ghatika) ke.

• kal-ganana ki any vidhiyaan bhi prachalit thian, yatha-6 b de aksharoan ke uchcharan mean jo samay lagata hai use pran kaha jata hai; 6 pran milakar ek pal ke barabar hote haian, 60 pal ek dand, ghati ya na di ke barabar (sooryasiddhant 1|11; jyotistattv, pri0 562).
• panini ne 'nadingham' ki vyutpatti 'na di' se ki hai. 'na di' ek ati prachin shabd hai.
• yah rrigved mean aya hai jisaka arth hai murali. lagata hai, age chalakar yah kalavadhi ka dyotak ho gaya jo shankh ya murali ya turahi jaise baje ke bajane se prakat kiya jata tha aur jo 'na di' ke roop mean (ek din ke 60vean bhag mean) ghoshit ho gaya, kyoanki un dinoan gh diyaan nahian hoti thian. atah 60 na diyaan evan ghatiyaan (donoan shabd pantanjali dvara, jo ee. poo. 150 mean vidyaman the, prayukt hue haian) ka din-vibhajan bahut prachin hai.
• sooryasiddhant mean 24 ghantoan ki charcha hai, kintu vah granth pashchatkalin hai aur us par bahy prabhav ho sakata hai, kintu uparyukt vivechan se spasht hai ki bharat mean din-vibhajan paripati (arthath din ko ghatiyoan evan na diyoan mean baantana) ati prachin hai aur us par bahy prabhav ki bat hi nahian uthati. svayan pantajali ne na di evan ghati ke prayog ko purana mana hai. atah ee. poo. doosari shati se bahut pahale na di evan ghati ka prachalan siddh hai. poorn roop se saptah-dinoan par bhi bahy prabhav siddh nahian kiya ja sakata. bebiloni evan siriyaee prachalan ke prabhav ki bat uthayi jati hai, kintu ise samanata matr se siddh nahian kiya ja sakata. keval pashchaty hathavadita praman nahian ho sakati. jahaan yooropiyan evan bharatiy saptah-vibhajan ki talikaean evan rekhachitr die he haian.
• albarooni ne likha hai ki bharatiy log grahoan evan saptah-dinoan ke vishay mean apani paripati rakhate haian aur doosare logoan ki paripati ko, bhale hi vah adhik thik ho, manane ko sannaddh nahian haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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